scholarly journals A standardised method of marking male mosquitoes with fluorescent dust

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole J. Culbert ◽  
Maria Kaiser ◽  
Nelius Venter ◽  
Marc J. B. Vreysen ◽  
Jeremie R. L. Gilles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dust ◽  
Male Mosquitoes

scholarly journals A standardised method of marking male mosquitoes with fluorescent dust

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole J Culbert ◽  
Maria Kaiser ◽  
Nelius Venter ◽  
Marc J. B. Vreysen ◽  
Jeremie R. L. Gilles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mark Release Recapture ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Fluorescent Dust ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
No Gold Standard ◽  
Male Mosquitoes

Abstract Background: Prior to a major release campaign of sterile insects, including the sterile insect technique, male mosquitoes must be marked and released (small scale) to determine key parameters including wild population abundance, dispersal and survival.Marking insects has been routinely carried out for over 100 years, however, there is no gold standard regarding the marking of specific disease-transmitting mosquitoes including Anopheles arabiensis, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus . The research presented offersa novel dusting technique and optimal dust colour and quantities, suitable for small-scale releases, such as mark-release-recapture studies. Methods: We sought to establish a suitable dust colour and quantity for batches of 100 male An. arabiensis , that was visible both by eye and under UV light, long lasting and did not negatively impact longevity. A set of lower dust weights were selected to conduct longevity experiments with both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to underpin the optimal dust weight. A further study assessed the potential of marked male An. arabiensis to transfer their mark to undusted males and females. Results: The longevity of male An. arabiensis marked with various dust colours was not significantly reduced when compared to unmarked controls. Furthermore, the chosen dust quantity (5 mg) did not negatively impact longevity ( P = 0.717) and provided a long-lasting mark. Dust transfer was found to occur from marked An. arabiensis males to unmarked males and females when left in close proximity. However, this was only noticeable when examining individuals under a stereomicroscope and thus deemed negligible. Overall, male Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus displayed a greater sensitivity to dusting. Only the lowest dust weight (0.5 mg) did not significantly reduce longevity ( P = 0.888) in Ae. aegypti, whilst the lowest two dust weights (0.5 and 0.75 mg) had no significant impact on longevity ( P = 0.951 and 0.166) respectively in Ae. albopictus . Conclusion: We have devised a fast, inexpensive and simple marking method and provided recommended dust quantities for several major species of disease-causing mosquitoes. The novel technique provides an evenly distributed, long-lasting mark which is non-detrimental. Our results will be useful for future MRR studies, prior to a major release campaign.

Designing Effective Wolbachia Release Programs for Mosquito and Arbovirus Control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perran Ross
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Population Suppression ◽  
Male Mosquitoes

Mosquitoes carrying endosymbiotic bacteria called Wolbachia are being released in mosquito and arbovirus control programs around the world. Open field releases of Wolbachia-infected male mosquitoes have achieved over 95% population suppression, while the replacement of populations with Wolbachia-infected females is self-sustaining and can greatly reduce local dengue transmission. Despite many successful interventions, significant questions and challenges lie ahead. Wolbachia, viruses and their mosquito hosts can evolve, leading to uncertainty around the long-term effectiveness of a given Wolbachia strain, while few ecological impacts of Wolbachia releases have been explored. Wolbachia strains are diverse and the choice of strain to release should be made carefully, taking environmental conditions and the release objective into account. Mosquito quality control, thoughtful community awareness programs and long-term monitoring of populations are essential for all types of Wolbachia intervention. Releases of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes show great promise, but existing control measures remain an important way to reduce the burden of mosquito-borne disease.

scholarly journals Daya Saing Kawin Nyamuk Jantan Steril (Culex quinquefasciatus) Skala Laboratorium: Studi Awal Penggunaan Teknik Serangga Mandul dalam Pengendalian Vektor Filariasis Limfatik di Kota Pekalongan

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Tri Ramadhani ◽  
Upik Kusuma Hadi ◽  
Susi Soviana ◽  
Zubaidah Irawati ◽  
Sunaryo Sunaryo
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mating Competitiveness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Mosquitoes

Culex quinquefasciatus is the main vector of limfatic filariasis in Pekalongan City. Sterile Insect Tehnique could be an alternative vector control efforts to eliminate filariasis. The success of this technique is depend on the ability of laboratory-reared sterile males with the wild-type females. Indicator of SIT Aplication is determined by the value of the mating competitiveness and sterility to Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera:Culicidae). The design of the research is an experimental. Gamma irradiation on the pupae (age . 15 hours) with the  doses of 0 Gy, 60 Gy, 65 Gy,70 Gy, 75 Gy and 80 Gy in BATAN Jakarta.  Male mosquitoes which emerged from the pupa then matting with a normal female. This research observed the mean  of females laying eggs ,fecundity, fertility and  mating competitiveness. This experimental research was conducted in the laboratory and the data were analyzed by ANOVA.The result showed that irradiation at the trial doses had an effect on fertility of Culex quinquefasciatus, but not  had significant effect on  fecundity and mating competitiveness . A dose of 70 Gy is the optimum dose with a fertility rate of 1.8% (sterility 98.2%) and C indexs 0,568 can be recommended for futher  semi field assays. The number of sterile males were six times compared with the wild population to increase the chances of  mating with wild-type females.

Mosquito hearing: sound-induced antennal vibrations in male and female Aedes aegypti

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (20) ◽  
pp. 2727-2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Gopfert ◽  
H. Briegel ◽  
D. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Harmonic Oscillators ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Antenna ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Antennal Flagellum ◽  
Female Antenna ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Acoustic Sensitivity ◽  
Male Mosquitoes

Male mosquitoes are attracted by the flight sounds of conspecific females. In males only, the antennal flagellum bears a large number of long hairs and is therefore said to be plumose. As early as 1855, it was proposed that this remarkable antennal anatomy served as a sound-receiving structure. In the present study, the sound-induced vibrations of the antennal flagellum in male and female Aedes aegypti were compared, and the functional significance of the flagellar hairs for audition was examined. In both males and females, the antennae are resonantly tuned mechanical systems that move as simple forced damped harmonic oscillators when acoustically stimulated. The best frequency of the female antenna is around 230 Hz; that of the male is around 380 Hz, which corresponds approximately to the fundamental frequency of female flight sounds. The antennal hairs of males are resonantly tuned to frequencies between approximately 2600 and 3100 Hz and are therefore stiffly coupled to, and move together with, the flagellar shaft when stimulated at biologically relevant frequencies around 380 Hz. Because of this stiff coupling, forces acting on the hairs can be transmitted to the shaft and thus to the auditory sensory organ at the base of the flagellum, a process that is proposed to improve acoustic sensitivity. Indeed, the mechanical sensitivity of the male antenna not only exceeds the sensitivity of the female antenna but also those of all other arthropod movement receivers studied so far.

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