scholarly journals Microbial degradation and community structure analysis of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Min Zou ◽  
Adil Farooq Lodhi ◽  
Yu-lin Deng
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Index ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gene Clone ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Library Evaluation ◽  
Gene Similarity ◽  
Uncultured Microorganisms ◽  
Scytalidium Lignicola

AbstractHydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is a curing adhesive that is commonly used in the production of ammunition, and it emerged during the time of war. After entering the peaceful era, several countries around the globe have focused on the destruction of expired ammunition using safe and economical methods in terms of consumption of energy. Microorganisms exhibit a highly efficient and environment friendly degradation capability for variety of refractory substances. Therefore, in this study we screened five strains of microorganisms from five environmental soil samples for their ability to degrade HTPB. These microorganisms were identified as Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum, Microbacterium esteraromaticum, Arthrobacter pascens, Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans and Ochrobactrum anthropic based on 16S rRNA gene similarity index. We observed the uncorroded and corroded HTPB sample through scanning electron microscopy and observed the formation of lot of holes and gullies in HTPB after corrosion. An 18S rRNA gene clone library was constructed for HTPB-degrading fungi. Based on the results of library evaluation, it was found that the structure of the HTPB-degrading fungi community was relatively simple. A total of 54 positive clones were obtained. These clones represented some uncultured microorganisms that were closely related to Scytalidium lignicola, Pseudokahliella and Gonostomum strenuum. This study will help in the implementation of environment friendly degradation strategies for HTPB degradation.

scholarly journals Diversity and community dynamics of protistan microplankton in Sagami Bay revealed by 18S rRNA gene clone analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sau Pin Kok ◽  
Tomohiko Kikuchi ◽  
Tatsuki Toda ◽  
Norio Kurosawa
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Clone ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sagami Bay ◽  
Clone Analysis

Bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic diversity in Arctic sediment as revealed by 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene clone libraries analysis

Polar Biology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Tian ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Huirong Li ◽  
Yu-Feng Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Clone ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Clone Libraries ◽  
Eukaryotic Diversity ◽  
Arctic Sediment

scholarly journals Distinct responses of oomycete plant parasites according to their lifestyle in a landscape-scale metabarcoding survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Fiore-Donno ◽  
Michael Bonkowski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Obligate Biotrophs

AbstractOomycetes are an ubiquitous protistan lineage including devastating crop parasites. Although their ecology in agrosystems has been widely studied, little is known of their distribution in natural and semi-natural ecosystems. We provide here a baseline of the diversity and distribution of soil oomycetes, classified by lifestyles (biotrophy, hemibiotrophy and saprotrophy), at the landscape scale in temperate grassland and forest. From 600 soil samples, we obtained 1,148 Operational Taxonomy Units representing ∼20 million Illumina reads (region V4, 18S rRNA gene). We found a majority of hemibiotrophic plant pathogens, which are parasites spending part of their life cycle as saprotrophs after the death of the host. Overall both grassland and forest constitute an important reservoir of plant pathogens. In forests, relative abundances of obligate biotrophs and hemibiotrophs differed between regions and showed opposite responses to edaphic conditions and human-induced management intensification, suggesting different ecological requirements for these two functional guilds.

scholarly journals Eukaryotic communities in wastewater treatment processes as revealed by 18S rRNA gene clone library

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. III_13-III_19
Author(s):  
Kengo MATSUNAGA ◽  
Kengo KUBOTA ◽  
Erica VONASEK ◽  
Yasuyuki TAKEMURA ◽  
Hideki HARADA
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Clone Library ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Clone ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Treatment Processes

Molecular characterization of arthropod-borne hematozoans in wild mammals from Brazil, Venezuela and Spain

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Criado-Fornelio ◽  
Amelia Buling ◽  
Nieves Casado ◽  
Consuelo Gimenez ◽  
Jeronimo Ruas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Pine Martens ◽  
Gene Similarity

AbstractA survey of Babesia, Theileria and Hepatozoon was conducted in wild mammals, including the capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris; n = 14) from Brazil, the jaguar (Panthera onca; n = 2) and crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus; n = 4) from Venezuela, and the red deer (Cervus elaphus; n = 70), red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris; n = 5) and Eurasian pine marten (Martes martes; n = 3) from Spain. Diagnostic procedures included both microscopy and molecular methods (PCR and sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene). Microscopic examination of blood smears revealed no hematozoan infections — unlike the molecular analyses. Nine Brazilian capybaras were found to be infected with Hepatozoon canis (prevalence 64%), two of which were coinfected with a previously unknown babesid (prevalence 14%) loosely related to Theileria equi (90% 18S rRNA gene similarity according to BLAS® analysis). One jaguar and one crab-eating raccoon from Venezuela were infected by H. canis. Four of the red deer were infected with theilerids (5.7% prevalence), two with Theileria sp. and two with T. annulata. One red squirrel and three pine martens were infected with Hepatozoon sp. The isolate form the red squirrel was phylogenetically related to Hepatozoon sp. reported in Spanish bank voles, whereas those infecting the pine martens were related to Hepatozoon felis reported in Spanish cats. In conclusion, the molecular findings show that some non-canid mammals are carriers of H. canis in South America, while red deer may carry T. annulata in Europe. Small mammals in Europe appear to be unlikely hosts of H. canis and H. felis.

scholarly journals Exploration of Zoo felids in North-East China for the prevalence and molecular identification of Cryptosporidium spp.

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11819
Author(s):  
Shakeel Hussain ◽  
Syed Mohsin Bukhari ◽  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Nimra Khalid ◽  
Zhijun Hou
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
North East ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Gene Similarity

Cryptosporidium spp. is a protozoan having the potential to cause zoonosis in humans and animals. Despite the zoonotic importance of this protozoan parasite, limited data are available about its prevalence in zoo felids in North-Eastern China. Hence, the current study was designed to determine the occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. from the fecal samples of captive zoo felids. Fecal samples (N = 244) were collected from different felids from five different zoos of North-Eastern China. 18S rRNA gene was amplified from the genomic DNA using species specific primers in nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium spp. was found. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 9.43% (23/244). The 18S rRNA gene similarity analysis showed that 6 Cryptosporidium isolates were Cryptosporidium parvum and the remaining 17 Cryptosporidium isolates were resembling to a Cryptosporidium spp., which is similar to Cryptosporidium NEV10. Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 18S rRNA of Cryptosporidium spp. The similarity of Cryptosporidium parvum was with its other isolates in China, India, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Czech Republic, Spain and USA while Cryptosporidium NEV10 alike had a close relationship with Turkish isolates. In conclusion, Cryptosporidium was prevailing in feline animals of China zoo and zoo officials are directed to consider their control policy as it can be a cause of zoonosis.

scholarly journals Free-Living Amoebae in Soil Samples from Santiago Island, Cape Verde

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1460
Author(s):  
Djeniffer Sousa-Ramos ◽  
María Reyes-Batlle ◽  
Natália K. Bellini ◽  
Rubén L. Rodríguez-Expósito ◽  
José E. Piñero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Free Living ◽  
First Report ◽  
Santiago Island

Free-Living Amoebae (FLA) are widely distributed protozoa, which contain some groups considered as pathogenic microorganisms. These members are able to produce several opportunistic diseases including epithelial disorders, such as keratitis and fatal encephalitis. Even though they have been reported in numerous sources, such as soils, dust and water, there is no legislation related to the presence of these protozoa in soil-related environments worldwide. Therefore, there are no established prevention or disinfection protocols to advise the population regarding FLA infections or eliminate these microorganisms from human-related environments to date. Acanthamoeba spp. are the most common FLA isolated in soil samples, which is also the most common genera found in clinical cases. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of potentially pathogenic FLA in human-related soil samples of Santiago Island, Cabo Verde. A total of 26 soil samples were seeded in non-nutrient agar plates (2%), incubated at 26 °C, and monitored daily to evaluate the presence of FLA. DNA was extracted from those plates on which there was suspected FLA growth, and PCR amplification of the 18S rRNA gene was carried out. A total of 17 from the 26 analysed samples were positive for FLA, where Acanthamoeba is the most abundant isolated genus (14/17; 82,4%), with the T4 genotype being the most common (13/14; 92,9%), followed by the T5 genotype, A. lenticulata (1/14; 7,1%). Moreover, Vermamoeba vermiformis, Stenamoeba dejonckheerei and Vannella pentlandi were isolated in three other samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of FLA presence in Cape Verde and the first report of V. vermiformis in beach sand worldwide.

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