scholarly journals Antibiotic-mediated changes in the fecal microbiome of broiler chickens define the incidence of antibiotic resistance genes

Microbiome ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenguang Xiong ◽  
Yulin Wang ◽  
Yongxue Sun ◽  
Liping Ma ◽  
Qinglin Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Fecal Microbiome

The impacts of feeding milk with antibiotics on the fecal microbiome and antibiotic resistance genes in dairy calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Xin Feng ◽  
Heather M. Littier ◽  
Katharine F. Knowlton ◽  
Emily Garner ◽  
Amy Pruden
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Waste Milk ◽  
Negative Impacts

The effects of ingestion of antibiotics on the microbiome of the young calf are not well understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding milk containing pirlimycin on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the fecal microbiome of dairy calves using a metagenomic approach. In this study calves were assigned to either pasteurized whole milk (control; n = 5) or pasteurized whole milk containing 0.2 mg L−1 of pirlimycin (treatment; n = 5). Fecal samples were collected on days 1, 42, and 84. Functional analysis of DNA via metagenomic rapid annotations using subsystems technology revealed that pirlimycin had no effects on abundance of sequences coding for different cell functions except in the “phage, prophage, and transposable elements” category. Evaluation of the major antibiotic resistance types in samples via annotation against the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database analysis showed no difference between the two groups. The results of this study will help assess the risk of use of antibiotics in animal agriculture and increase our understanding of how antibiotics present in waste milk affects both calves and their manure, and will lay the groundwork for future research on manure treatment or other strategies to minimize any negative impacts.

scholarly journals Investigation into the effect of mannan-rich fraction supplementation on the metagenome of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Delaney ◽  
Thi Thuy Do ◽  
Aoife Corrigan ◽  
Richard Murphy ◽  
Fiona Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gene Richness

Antibiotic resistance is regarded as one of the most serious threats to human health worldwide. The rapid increase in resistance rates has been attributed to the extensive use of antibiotics since they became commercially available. The use of antibiotics as growth promotors has been banned in numerous regions for this reason. Mannan-rich fraction (MRF) has been reported to show similar growth-promoting effects to antibiotics. We investigated the effect of MRF on the microbial community, resistome and metabolic pathways within the caecum of commercial broilers at two different timepoints within the growth of the broiler, day 27 and day 34. The data indicated an overall increase in health and economic gain for the producer with the addition of MRF to the diet of the broilers. The only significant difference across the microbial composition of the samples was in the richness of the microbial communities across all samples. While all samples harboured resistance genes conferring resistance to the same classes of antibiotics, there was significant variation in the antimicrobial resistance gene richness across time and treatment and across combinations of time and treatment. The taxa with positive correlation comprised Bacilli and Clostridia. The negative correlation taxa were also dominated by Bacilli, specifically the Streptococcus genera. The KEGG-pathway analysis identified an age-related change in the metabolism pathway abundances of the caecal microflora. We suggest that the MRF-related increases in health and weight gain in the broilers may be associated with changes in the metabolism of the microbiomes rather than the microbial composition. The resistome variations across samples were correlated with specific genera. These data may be used to further enhance the development of feed supplements to reduce the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within poultry. While the ARGs of greatest concern to human or animal health were not detected in this study, it has identified the potential to reduce the presence of ARGs by the increase in specific genera.

Quintuplex PCR to Detect Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navindra Kumari Palanisamy ◽  
Parasakthi Navaratnam ◽  
Shamala Devi Sekaran
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Efflux Mechanism ◽  
Mic Value

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important bacterial pathogen, causing respiratory infection. Penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae is associated with alterations in the penicillin binding proteins, while resistance to macrolides is conferred either by the modification of the ribosomal target site or efflux mechanism. This study aimed to characterize S. pneumoniae and its antibiotic resistance genes using 2 sets of multiplex PCRs. Methods: A quintuplex and triplex PCR was used to characterize the pbp1A, ermB, gyrA, ply, and the mefE genes. Fifty-eight penicillin sensitive strains (PSSP), 36 penicillin intermediate strains (PISP) and 26 penicillin resistance strains (PRSP) were used. Results: Alteration in pbp1A was only observed in PISP and PRSP strains, while PCR amplification of the ermB or mefE was observed only in strains with reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. The assay was found to be sensitive as simulated blood cultures showed the lowest level of detection to be 10cfu. Conclusions: As predicted, the assay was able to differentiate penicillin susceptible from the non-susceptible strains based on the detection of the pbp1A gene, which correlated with the MIC value of the strains.

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