scholarly journals Chemogenetic modulation of sensory neurons reveals their regulating role in melanoma progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro A. C. Costa ◽  
Walison N. Silva ◽  
Pedro H. D. M. Prazeres ◽  
Caroline C. Picoli ◽  
Gabriela D. A. Guardia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Designer Drug ◽  
Melanoma Tumor ◽  
Melanoma Progression ◽  
Immune Suppressor Cells ◽  
Melanoma Patients ◽  
Immune Suppressor

AbstractSensory neurons have recently emerged as components of the tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, whether sensory neuronal activity is important for tumor progression remains unknown. Here we used Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by a Designer Drug (DREADD) technology to inhibit or activate sensory neurons’ firing within the melanoma tumor. Melanoma growth and angiogenesis were accelerated following inhibition of sensory neurons’ activity and were reduced following overstimulation of these neurons. Sensory neuron-specific overactivation also induced a boost in the immune surveillance by increasing tumor-infiltrating anti-tumor lymphocytes, while reducing immune-suppressor cells. In humans, a retrospective in silico analysis of melanoma biopsies revealed that increased expression of sensory neurons-related genes within melanoma was associated with improved survival. These findings suggest that sensory innervations regulate melanoma progression, indicating that manipulation of sensory neurons’ activity may provide a valuable tool to improve melanoma patients’ outcomes.

scholarly journals Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection

Open Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen ◽  
Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil ◽  
Homa Darmani
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Chronic Immune Activation ◽  
Immune Suppressor Cells ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Suppressor

There are several mechanisms by which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can mediate immune dysfunction and exhaustion during the course of infection. Chronic immune activation, after HIV infection, seems to be a key driving force of such unwanted consequences, which in turn worsens the pathological status. In such cases, the immune system is programmed to initiate responses that counteract unwanted immune activation, for example through the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Although the expansion of immune suppressor cells in the setting of systemic chronic immune activation, in theory, is expected to contain immune activation, HIV infection is still associated with a remarkably high level of biomarkers of immune activation. Paradoxically, the expansion of immune suppressor cells during HIV infection can suppress potent anti-viral immune responses, which in turn contribute to viral persistence and disease progression. This indicates that HIV hijacks not only immune activation but also the immune regulatory responses to its advantage. In this work, we aim to pave the way to comprehend how such unwanted expansion of MDSCs could participate in the pathology of acute/primary and chronic HIV infection in humans, as well as simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus macaques, according to the available literature.

scholarly journals Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-induced Immune Suppressor Cells Generate Antagonism Between Intratumoral Oncolytic Virus and Cyclophosphamide

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Willmon ◽  
Rosa M Diaz ◽  
Phonphimon Wongthida ◽  
Feorillo Galivo ◽  
Timothy Kottke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Oncolytic Virus ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Immune Suppressor Cells ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Immune Suppressor

scholarly journals Haploidentical natural killer cells induce remissions in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients with low levels of immune-suppressor cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Bachanova ◽  
Dhifaf Sarhan ◽  
Todd E. DeFor ◽  
Sarah Cooley ◽  
Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Killer Cells ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Immune Suppressor Cells ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Immune Suppressor

scholarly journals Lower Survival and Increased Circulating Suppressor Cells in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with Deficit of Vitamin D Levels Using R-GDP Plus Lenalidomide (R2-GDP): Results from the R2-GDP-GOTEL Trial

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4622
Author(s):  
Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana ◽  
Pilar M. Sánchez-Martínez ◽  
Natalia Palazón-Carrión ◽  
Esteban Nogales-Fernández ◽  
Fernando Henao-Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Immune Suppressor Cells ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Immune Suppressor ◽  
Large B Cell

The search of prognostic factors is a priority in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) due to its aggressiveness. We have recently found that the level of circulating MDSCs is a good marker of survival in a translational study based on a trial (EudraCT Number: 2014-001620-29), using lenalidomide combined with R-GDP (rituximab plus gemcitabine, cisplatin, and dexamethasone). Since Vitamin D is a known immunomodulator, we have studied blood levels of these cell populations comparing patients with deficit of vitamin D levels (<15 ng/mL with those with normal levels >15 ng/mL. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare cells distributions between groups, Wilcoxon test to compare cells distribution at different times and Spearman test to measure the association between cell populations. Patients with vitamin D deficit maintained the increased level of immune suppressor cells, whereas we observed a depletion of all immune suppressor cells in patients with normal vitamin D levels. In conclusion, we have confirmed the importance of vitamin D in the response to treatment in R/R DLBCL, suggesting that vitamin D deficit may be involved in the immune deficit of these patients, and thus, vitamin D supplementation in these patients may help to obtain a better response, warranting further investigation.

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