scholarly journals Characterization of a Mahamayuri Vidyarajni Sutra excavated in Lu’an, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Liu ◽  
Decai Gong ◽  
Zhengquan Yao ◽  
Liangjie Xu ◽  
Zhanyun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Lead White ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Historically, sutras played an important role in spreading Buddhist faith and doctrine, and today these remain important records of Buddhist thought and culture. A Mahamayuri Vidyarajni Sutra with polychrome paintings was found inside the cavity on top of the Nanmen Buddhist pagoda, built in the early Tang dynasty (618–627 CE) and located in Anhui Province, China. Textile was found on the preface which is strongly degraded and fragile. Unfortunately, the whole sutra is under severe degradation and is incomplete. Technical analysis based on scientific methods will benefits the conservation of the sutra. Optical microscopy (OM), micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with optical microscope (Raman), scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the pigment and gilded material, as well as the paper fiber and textile. Pigments such as cinnabar, minium, paratacamite, azurite, lead white were found. Gilded material was identified as gold. A five-heddle warp satin, made of silk, was found as the textile on the preface of the sutra. The sutra’s preface and inner pages were made of paper comprised of bamboo and bark. As a magnificent yet recondite treasure of Buddhism, the sutra was analyzed for a better understanding of the material. A conservation project of the sutra will be scheduled accordingly.

scholarly journals Mineral characterization of soil type ranker formed on serpentines occurring in southern Belgrade environs Bubanj Potok

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Bozidar Cekic ◽  
Valentin Ivanovski ◽  
Aleksandar Djordjevic ◽  
Velimir Aleksic ◽  
Zorica Tomic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Detrital Mineral ◽  
Scanning Electron

The paper addresses the issue of health risk associated with the presence of chrysotile in the soil type ranker formed on massive serpentines occurring in the area of Bubanj Potok, a settlement located in the southern Belgrade environs, Serbia. Characterization of the ranker soil was conducted by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy and transmission 57Fe M?ssbauer spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy figures showed regular shaped smectite (montmorillonite) particles, aggregates of chlorite, and elongated sheets of serpentines minerals antigorite. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of detrital mineral quartz polymorph as well as minor amounts of other mineral species. Micro-Raman spectroscopy identified the presence of dominant minerals, such as montmorillonite, kaolinite, muscovite, gypsum, calcite, albite, amphiboles (hornblende/kaersutite) and orthoclase. Important polymorph silica modifications of quartz, olivine (forsterite), pyroxene (enstatite/ferrosilite, diopside/hedenbergite), and serpentine (antigorite/lizardite/chrysotile) were identified.

Human Dentine Remineralization Under Non-colagen Materials Action

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 928-932
Author(s):  
Agripina Zaharia ◽  
Viorica Ghisman Plescan ◽  
Elena Maria Anghel ◽  
Viorica Musat
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Agarose Hydrogel ◽  
Human Dentine ◽  
Dentine Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

The purpose of this work is to induce biomimetic remineralization of acid etched coronal human dentine in artificial saliva (AS) under agarose (A) hydrogel or chitosan (CS)-A hydrogel action. The investigations focused on the morphology, chemical composition and crystalline structure of the new remineralized layers grown onto the etched dentinal surface (R) using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Experimental results showed that remineralized layers grown in the presence of A or CS-A hydrogels consist in B-type Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite (HAP). After 7 days treatment into artificial saliva under agarose hydrogel, nanorod-like extrafibrilar HAP crystals randomly self-assembled in a discontinuous layer were formed, while in presence of chitosan-agarose hydrogel a continuous compact CS-HAP composite layer was obtained. The new biomimetic layer (A-CS4) formed after 4 days on dentine surface under A-CS hydrogel has higher crystallinity. Longer exposed (7 days) dentine in the presence of agarose hydrogel shows a higher mineral-to-collagen ratio (A7). Since dentine mineralization increases, the collagen quality factor decreases in succession A-CS4]R]A7. Results show a benefic effect of chitosan on remineralization of etched dentine.

Preliminary Preparation and Characterization Studies of Cellulose from Merbau (Intsia bijuga)

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽  
Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽  
Saadah Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. The characteristic of hardwood include flowers, endosperm within seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. This paper aims to discuss the preparation and characterization of cellulose obtained from hardwood. The hardwood Merbau (Intsia bijuga) was chosen as raw material in this study. Alkaline treatment and delignification methods were used for the preparation of cellulose. Acid hydrolysis was employed to produce cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The treated and untreated samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The final product, from both trated and untreated samples were then compared.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of BiFeO3 Polyhedral Crystallites

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 508-511
Author(s):  
Lin Lin Yang ◽  
Yong Gang Wang ◽  
Yu Jiang Wang ◽  
Xiao Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

BiFeO3 polyhedrons had been successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The as-prepared products were characterized by power X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The possible mechanisms for the formation of BiFeO3 polyhedrons were discussed. Though comparison experiments, it was found that the kind of precursor played a key role on the morphology control of BiFeO3 crystals.

Characterization of a coating for radioprotection, by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and dispersive energy spectroscopy

2022 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 126326
Author(s):  
Gladis Aparecida Galindo Reisemberger de Souza ◽  
Ramón Sigifredo Cortés Paredes ◽  
Frieda Saicla Barros ◽  
Gustavo Bavaresco Sucharski ◽  
Sebastião Ribeiro Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals Mineralogical characterization of clay mineral assemblages from Rio de Janeiro pegmatites to identify kaolinite and/or halloysite deposits

Cerâmica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (380) ◽  
pp. 483-495
Author(s):  
V. M. J. Salgado-Campos ◽  
L. C. Bertolino ◽  
F. J. da Silva ◽  
J. C. Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Saprolite Zone ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract This study reports the mineralogical characterization of kaolin occurrences in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to identify new kaolinite and halloysite deposits. Samples were collected in 10 pegmatites with varying sizes for X-ray diffractometry, chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy studies. The results indicated that the kaolin occurrences were of weathered origin, wherein some places there were occurrences of tubular halloysite. Concerning the regolith stratigraphy, samples located in the saprock zone were found to contain kaolinite and/or halloysite contents from 0 to 10.1%, while those located in the saprolite zone contained kaolinite and/or halloysite contents from 16.3% to 34.9%. Kaolinite and/or halloysite-7Å were formed from plagioclase weathering instead of K-feldspar or mica, and the halloysite-7Å occurrence was related to samples in regions with a higher degree of weathering.

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