Small-scale analysis to rank municipalities requiring slow-moving landslide risk mitigation measures: the case study of the Calabria region (southern Italy)

AbstractThis paper proposes a three-phase method that combines multi-source (i.e. topographic, thematic, monitoring) input data in a GIS environment to rank—at small (1:250,000) scale—administrative units (e.g. municipalities) based on their exposure to slow-moving landslide risk within a selected area (e.g. a region) and, accordingly, detect those primarily requiring mitigation measures. The method is applied in the Calabria region (southern Italy) where several municipalities are widely affected by slow-moving landslides that systematically cause damage to buildings and infrastructure networks resulting in significant economic losses. The results obtained are validated based on the information gathered from previous studies carried out at large (municipal) scale. The work undertaken represents a first, fundamental step of a wider circular approach that can profitably facilitate the decision makers in addressing the issue of the slow-moving landslide risk mitigation in a sustainable way.

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Towards A Geo-Hydro-Mechanical Characterization of Landslide Classes: Preliminary Results

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10227960 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (22) ◽

pp. 7960

Author(s):

Federica Cotecchia ◽

Francesca Santaloia ◽

Vito Tagarelli

Keyword(s):

Risk Mitigation ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Slope Instability ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Landslide Risk ◽

Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽

Risk Mitigation Strategies ◽

Landslide Mechanisms

Nowadays, landslides still cause both deaths and heavy economic losses around the world, despite the development of risk mitigation measures, which are often not effective; this is mainly due to the lack of proper analyses of landslide mechanisms. As such, in order to achieve a decisive advancement for sustainable landslide risk management, our knowledge of the processes that generate landslide phenomena has to be broadened. This is possible only through a multidisciplinary analysis that covers the complexity of landslide mechanisms that is a fundamental part of the design of the mitigation measure. As such, this contribution applies the “stage-wise” methodology, which allows for geo-hydro-mechanical (GHM) interpretations of landslide processes, highlighting the importance of the synergy between geological-geomorphological analysis and hydro-mechanical modeling of the slope processes for successful interpretations of slope instability, the identification of the causes and the prediction of the evolution of the process over time. Two case studies are reported, showing how to apply GHM analyses of landslide mechanisms. After presenting the background methodology, this contribution proposes a research project aimed at the GHM characterization of landslides, soliciting the support of engineers in the selection of the most sustainable and effective mitigation strategies for different classes of landslides. This proposal is made on the assumption that only GHM classification of landslides can provide engineers with guidelines about instability processes which would be useful for the implementation of sustainable and effective landslide risk mitigation strategies.

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A multi-scale methodological approach for slow-moving landslide risk mitigation in urban areas, southern Italy

Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration ◽

10.1007/s41207-019-0110-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Settimio Ferlisi ◽

Giovanni Gullà ◽

Gianfranco Nicodemo ◽

Dario Peduto

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Landslide Risk ◽

Multi Scale ◽

Slow Moving

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Flood Risk Evaluation in Ungauged Coastal Areas: The Case Study of Ippocampo (Southern Italy)

Water ◽

10.3390/w12051466 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1466 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ciro Apollonio ◽

Maria Francesca Bruno ◽

Gabriele Iemmolo ◽

Matteo Gianluca Molfetta ◽

Roberta Pellicani

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Economic Value ◽

Storm Surges ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Exceedance Probability ◽

Flooding Events

The growing concentration of population and the related increase in human activities in coastal areas require numerical simulations to analyze the effects of flooding events that might occur in susceptible coastal areas in order to determine effective coastal management practices and safety measures to safeguard the inhabited coastal areas. The reliability of the analysis is dependent on the correct evaluation of key inputs such as return period of flooding events, vulnerability of exposed assets, and other risk factors (e.g., spatial distribution of elements at risk, their economic value, etc.). This paper defines a methodology to assess the effects of flooding events associated with basin run-off and storm surge in coastal areas. The assessment aims at quantifying in economic terms (e.g., loss of assets) the risk of coastal areas subject to flooding events. The methodology proposed in this paper was implemented to determine the areas subject to inundation on a coastal area in Southern Italy prone to hydrogeological instability and coastal inundation. A two-dimensional hydraulic model was adopted to simulate storm surges generated by severe sea storms coupled with intense rainfalls in order to determine the areas subject to inundation in the low-land area along the Adriatic coast object of this study. In conclusion, the economic risk corresponding to four different flooding scenarios was assessed by correlating the exceedance probability of each flooding scenario with the potential economic losses that might be realized in the inundated areas. The results of the assessment can inform decision-makers responsible for the deployment of risk mitigation measures.

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Recent technical advancement in natural terrain landslide risk mitigation measures in Hong Kong

HKIE Transactions ◽

10.1080/1023697x.2018.1462105 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 90-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julian S H Kwan ◽

Harris W K Lam ◽

Charles W W Ng ◽

Nelson T K Lam ◽

S L Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Landslide Risk ◽

Natural Terrain

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Landslide Characteristics and Evolution: What We Can Learn from Three Adjacent Landslides

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13224579 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 4579

Author(s):

Dongdong Yang ◽

Haijun Qiu ◽

Yaru Zhu ◽

Zijing Liu ◽

Yanqian Pei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Landslide Risk ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽

Antecedent Precipitation ◽

Surface Time ◽

Field Investigations ◽

Landslide Processes ◽

Slow Moving

Landslide processes are a consequence of the interactions between their triggers and the surrounding environment. Understanding the differences in landslide movement processes and characteristics can provide new insights for landslide prevention and mitigation. Three adjacent landslides characterized by different movement processes were triggered from August to September in 2018 in Hualong County, China. A combination of surface and subsurface characteristics illustrated that Xiongwa (XW) landslides 1 and 2 have deformed several times and exhibit significant heterogeneity, whereas the Xiashitang (XST) landslide is a typical retrogressive landslide, and its material has moved downslope along a shear surface. Time-series Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Differential InSAR (DInSAR) techniques were used to detect the displacement processes of these three landslides. The pre-failure displacement signals of a slow-moving landslide (the XST landslide) can be clearly revealed by using time-series InSAR. However, these sudden landslides, which are a typical catastrophic natural hazard across the globe, are easily ignored by time-series InSAR. We confirmed that effective antecedent precipitation played an important role in the three landslides’ occurrence. The deformation of an existing landslide itself can also trigger new adjacent landslides in this study. These findings indicate that landslide early warnings are still a challenge since landslide processes and mechanisms are complicated. We need to learn to live with natural disasters, and more relevant detection and field investigations should be conducted for landslide risk mitigation.

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Assessing Seismic Resilience of School Educational Sector. An attempt to establish the initial conditions in Calabria Region, Southern Italy

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12678 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cora Fontana ◽

Eleonora Cianci ◽

Massimiliano Moscatelli

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

School Buildings ◽

Calabria Region ◽

Structural Improvement ◽

First Case ◽

School Sector ◽

Seismic Resilience

<p>School education constitutes one of the strategic functions to be recovered after an earthquake. The structural improvement of school buildings together with the strengthening of the administrators&#8217; capacity to react positively following an earthquake are key factors that contribute to social vulnerability&#8217;s reduction. Nevertheless, in Italy, the issue of risk reduction policies related to school sector is not yet consolidated in the institutional agendas. Observing the last major Italian earthquakes what remains predominant is school buildings&#8217; damage degree with consequent interruption of the system functionality. Among the causes: the building heritage vulnerability and the lack of risk mitigation policies, capable of building a resilient community for future earthquakes. That of resilience is considered a relevant paradigm to address the issue of how to strengthen the school sector&#8217;s capacity to ensure the buildings physical safety and to guarantee the maintenance of the school function, looking at pre and post-event phases.</p><p>The paper proposes a set of indicators and a methodology for a preliminary assessment of the educational sector&#8217;s seismic resilience, in terms of initial conditions. The method has been tested on a first case study: Calabria Region, Southern Italy. The results show that spatial differences in the educational sector&#8217;s seismic resilience are evident. Except for some large urban areas, the less resilient areas are grouped mainly in the southern part of the Region, while the most resilient ones are located mostly in the central-northern sector. The ambition is to identify a repeatable approach, useful as guidelines for school seismic prevention policies.</p>

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The SafeLand Compendium of Landslide Risk Mitigation Measures

Landslide Science and Practice ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-31319-6_87 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 683-689 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Giovanni Vaciago

Keyword(s):

Risk Mitigation ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Landslide Risk

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Methodologies of Economic Measurement and Vulnerability Assessment for Application in Landslide Risk Analysis in a Highway Domain Strip: A Case Study in the Serra Pelada Region (Brazil)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11216130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 6130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ellen Felizardo Batista ◽

Larissa De Brum Passini ◽

Alessander Christopher Morales Kormann

Keyword(s):

Vulnerability Assessment ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Direct Costs ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Landslide Risk ◽

Total Cost ◽

Landslide Occurrence ◽

Serra Do Mar

Landslides are one of the main causes of death caused by disasters in the world. In this study, methodologies to measure landslide costs and to assess vulnerability are presented, with the objective of applying them to landslide risk analyses. The methodologies were applied in a region of Serra do Mar, which is crossed by a highway. The analyses and mappings were implemented in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Through the application of the methodology that considers both direct and indirect costs in the composition of total cost, it was established how much an m2 of a landslide would cost. The composition of direct costs encompassed the damages related to restoration or construction of the highways, infrastructures, unpaved roads, residential and commercial buildings, vegetal cover and agricultural areas. In indirect costs, the economic losses by victims, highway interdiction, and agricultural area profitability were calculated. In the methodology for vulnerability assessment, bodily injuries, structural damages, and functional disturbances resulted from landslides were analyzed. The risk assessment was performed through the junction of the maps of total cost, vulnerability and susceptibility. The results indicate that indirect costs were predominant in cost composition, corresponding to 87% of total costs, in comparison to 13% of the direct costs, stressing the importance of considering indirect costs in economic measurement studies. As a result, it is possible to conclude that studying landslide consequences as economic parameters supports the increasing need of performing risk quantitative analyses. It is also prudent to add that these studies help decision makers in projects of disaster risk mitigation strategies, by allowing the identification of regions with greater economic impacts in case of landslide occurrence.

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