scholarly journals Value chain financing and plantain production in Nigeria: an ex-ante approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Paul Ojo ◽  
Adeolu Babatunde Ayanwale
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Ex Ante

scholarly journals Upgrading the smallholder dairy value chain: a system dynamics ex-ante impact assessment in Tanzania's Kilosa district

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanar Dizyee ◽  
Derek Baker ◽  
Amos Omore
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Dairy Market

AbstractThis paper examines ex-ante impacts of two policy interventions that improve productivity of local-breed cows through artificial insemination (AI) and producers’ access to distant markets through a dairy market hub. The majority of cattle in Kilosa district in Tanzania are local low productivity breeds kept by smallholders and agro-pastoralists. Milk production is seasonal, which constrains producers’ access to distant urban markets, constrains producers’ incomes and restricts profitability in dairy processing. We developed and evaluated an integrated system dynamics (SD) simulation model that captures many relevant feedbacks between the biological dynamics of dairy cattle production, the economics of milk market access, and the impacts of rainfall as an environmental factor. Our analysis indicated that in the short (1 year) and medium (5-year) term, policy interventions have a negative effect on producers’ income due to high AI costs. However, in the long term (5+ years), producers’ income from dairy cattle activities markedly increases (by, on average, 7% per year). The results show the potential for upgrading the smallholder dairy value chain in Kilosa, but achievement of this result may require financial support to producers in the initial stages (first 5 years) of the interventions, particularly to offset AI costs, as well as additional consideration of post-farm value chain costs. Furthermore, institutional aspects of dairy market hub have substantial effects on trade-offs amongst performance measures (e.g. higher profit vs. milk consumption at producer's household) with gain in cumulative profit coming at the expense of a proportional and substantial reduction in home milk consumption.

The Role of Decision Rights in Codevelopment Initiatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Agrawal ◽  
Nektarios Oraiopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Decision Rights ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante

Problem definition: How should decision rights be allocated between firms occupying different positions in the value chain to maximize the value of a codevelopment project? Academic/practical relevance: We contribute to the operations management literature on the benefits and challenges of codevelopment initiatives by looking at the design of optimal governance structures that specify the allocation of rights to make certain decisions. Our problem is motivated by real-world challenges observed in codevelopment project initiation discussions between technology companies. Methodology: We utilize a game-theoretic model to study the allocation of the ex ante right to set the contract terms and the ex post right to choose which contract to implement, once the market potential is realized. Results: First, we find that delegating more control to a party does not necessarily imply that the party will be incentivized to exert greater effort. Specifically, we show that allocating both rights to the seller as opposed to only the ex ante right actually reduces the seller’s effort. Second, when the buyer has low bargaining power, the ex post decision right should be delegated to the seller, that is, the party with lower exposure to the effort-contingent outcome. Otherwise, the ex post decision right should be delegated to the buyer but the ex ante right should be held by the seller. Finally, we show that simple contracts with decision rights outperform a spot contract when the ex post bargaining power of one of the parties is substantially higher. Managerial implications: Our results offer insights for how managers should structure the optimal governance structure for codevelopment projects. We also identify when and how companies should delegate rights to their partners to maximize the value of the project. We show that the optimal governance structure depends crucially on the position in the value chain of the party with the higher bargaining power.

Ex ante coherence shifts

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Simon ◽  
Keith J. Holyoak
Keyword(s):  
Course Of Action ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Rational Reasoning

Abstract Cushman characterizes rationalization as the inverse of rational reasoning, but this distinction is psychologically questionable. Coherence-based reasoning highlights a subtler form of bidirectionality: By distorting task attributes to make one course of action appear superior to its rivals, a patina of rationality is bestowed on the choice. This mechanism drives choice and action, rather than just following in their wake.

Motivating Growth in Low-tech Manufacturing Industries

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi HERTZ
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Footwear Industry ◽  
Technological Platform ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Depth Interviews

Intensive manual labor enterprises in the developed world face challenges competing with products imported from countries where manufacturing costs are low. This reduces the volume of domestic production and leads to rapid loss of knowledge and experience in production processes. This study focuses on the Israeli footwear industry as a case study. Qualitative methodologies were applied, including in-depth interviews and field observations. A literature review on previous research, and contemporary trends was conducted. The field research examines challenges along the value chain in small factories. It finds that mass production paradigms impose a decentralized process between designers and manufacturers and therefore do not leverage local potential into a sustainable competitive advantage for small factories. The proposed solution is a digital and technological platform for small manufacturing plants. The platform mediates and designs the connections between production, technology, and design and enables the creation of a joint R&D system.

MODEL ELIMINACJI ZJAWISKA ZANIŻANIA CELÓW W PROCESIE BUDŻETOWANIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kluza
Keyword(s):  
Ex Ante

W trakcie procesu budżetowego występuje szereg nieefektywności, tym silniejszych, im większe jest dane przedsiębiorstwo. Jednym z powszechnych zjawisk jest ukrywanie przez pracowników informacji o faktycznych możliwościach rozwoju biznesu, aby negocjować jak najniższe poziomy celów do swych systemów motywacyjnych. Wpływa to bezpośrednio na spadek tempa rozwoju danej instytucji lub wzrost jej kosztów działania. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiony jest model systemu motywacyjnego, który zapobiega przyjmowaniu zaniżonych celów do budżetów. Jego istotą jest wprowadzenie do mechanizmu premiowania parametru ambitności, określanego ex ante na etapie zatwierdzania celów. Odpowiednie ukształtowanie parametrów macierzy współczynnika ambitności, realizacji planu oraz stawek wynagrodzenia zmiennego sprawia, iż najlepszą strategią dla pracownika jest zgłaszanie do budżetu celów zgodnych z jego faktycznymi możliwościami realizacji.

Freshwater Mussel (Batissa violacea) Fishery and its Value in Fiji

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimaima Lako ◽  
Nanise Kuridrani ◽  
Milika Sobey
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Face To Face

This paper examines the local freshwater mussel, or kai (Batissa violacea), fishery value chain, its values and contribution to the livelihood of people in Viti Levu, Fiji. The assessment was performed through face-to-face interviews, with the use of semi-structured questionnaires administered to 125 actors. A walk through the value-chain was also conducted that confirmed the sites’ environmental conditions. Results revealed that even though the kai fishery is dominated by rural women, men were also employed as kai processors, transporting agents and exporters. This fishery generated at least 58 other employments through the 500 kai harvesters within the five major provinces understudy. These were drivers, boat builders, retailers, processors, exporters, and harvesters. Three sales pathways were identified that determined the revenues and profits: (i) harvesters sell own harvests directly to the consumer at the municipal markets, (ii) harvesters sell through intermediary traders to consumers, and (iii) harvesters sell through processors to supermarkets, hotels or exporters. When revenues and profits were calculated, harvesters earned much less, compared to intermediary traders, processors, and exporters. Major constraints include continuous reduction in catch size of kai, lack of transport, and marketing at the local municipal markets that require improvements.

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