Utilizing Applied Drama in Clinical Ethics Education

"We examine the significance and necessity of introducing applied drama into clinical ethics education to build ethics competency. Case-based clinical ethics, distant from abstract theory-based discursive ethics, pays close attention to emotions of persons involved in a given case, and of participants in deliberation. Some authors have sensibly emphasized this point. For example, CURA, a reflective method puts forward the crucial step to become aware of own emotions and physical reactions to each difficult situation. These suggest that we should not stay just in rational reasoning to resolve moral problems in clinical settings. Such a stream seems to lead us to the next stage of clinical ethics education. Applied drama is an umbrella term for the various ways to use theatrical elements, outside of theaters, in educational settings. The basic conception is playing. It includes two meanings: gaming and acting. Generally, we stop playing when we grow up. Applied drama encourages us to play again. Playing promotes communications in verbal and physical. In acting like an acting person, we are to put ourselves in another person’s standpoint. Through acting a role, we may live her life and feel vividly his emotion but by imagination. Thus, applied drama has great potentiality to change the mode of discussion – or deliberation-based clinical ethics. As applied drama comprises various ways such as improvisation, forum theatre, and so on. We will explore their features and application in actual teaching settings. "

Explaining the Minutes of Philosophy and Revealing its Symbols with the Arguments of Conclusive Legitimacy in the Light of AlTamez by Allama Abdulaziz

This article aims to explore the philosophical approach and the methods used by ‘Abdul-‘Azīz Firharvi in his valuable manuscript Al-tamyīz, which dealt with the philosophers and scholars differences about the interpretation of philosophy from Quran and Sunnah.‘Abdul-‘Azīz Firharvi was the famous Muslim scholar of British India in all over the world.He was adept in all Islamic sciences, but he is regarded as one of the greatest ever Mutakalim born in the land of Indo-Pak. He has written more valuable works on Ilm Al-Kla’m and Al-Tami’z is the part of his aims.This manuscript is infact the middle ground between the fanatical scholars and the philosophers who have the correct ideas, That is: philosophy should not be rejected outright because of prejudice, nor should any philosophical thought be adopted without weighing the criteria of thinking and the Qur'an and Sunnah.Allama Farharvi has adopted the same style in terms of occasion and place and has used Qur'anic and rational reasoning. This article is a link between philosophy and Islamic thought, which will not only eliminate violence from society, but will also pave the way for new scholars to examine philosophy and Islamic thought in a new perspective.

REFLECTIONS ON POETIC MODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: AN ANALYSIS OF VAN DE VAN’S TYPOLOGY IN LITERARY, LINGUISTIC, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVE

Purpose of the study: This article is an attempt to reflect on and locate similarities and develop synchronicity between the fields of organizational change, management, psychology, language, and literature. The reflective learning takes place through reflective practice conducted on literature and organizations to generate new knowledge and ways to comprehend and deal with issues. Thus, the rationale for uniting contributions of management and English can be logically found in the processes of nature and human life. Methodology: This article is based on rational reasoning and critical analytic comparisons that aptly explain that the four models of organizational change are not new rather proclaimed in poetic expressions several years or a century ago. Main Findings: The organizational models of change are reflected in literature which has explained how Management by Objectives, organization as systems, mechanistic and organic organizations work and how they can be maneuvered towards increasing organizational productivity and performance. Applications of this study: This inquiry shall help further examination of various fields to develop new management concepts through bargain and borrowing. Novelty/Originality of this study: This article, through reasoning and analysis, has developed four life like models i.e., Miltonic, Frostian, Shelleyan, and Eliotic models of organizational change which seem to be preceding the current existing theories on teleological, life cycle, evolutionary and dialectical models of organizational change.

A Window into the Rational Mind: The Neural Underpinnings of Human Reasoning

Humans reason intuitively by relying on gut hunches or rationally through analytical contemplation. The majority of research on human reasoning has relied on behavioural data and thus the neural underpinnings of this process remain unclear. To address this, we had participants perform a classic reasoning task while electroencephalographic (EEG) data was recorded. Within our reasoning task, participants completed a series of base-rate word problems wherein their decisions were either biased by a provided stereotype or based on statistical probability. Post experiment, we defined participant rationality as the percentage of responses that were made based on likelihood. We then examined frontal theta neural oscillations and found that increased power in this frequency range was associated with increased rationality. Our findings imply that theta oscillations are sensitive to rationality and further that rational reasoning involves a diverse brain network relative to intuitive reasoning.

تفسیرِ قرآن میں لغتِ عرب سے استشہاد کی حیثیت اور غلام احمد پرویز کے استدلالات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Principles of Quranic exegesis are illustration of Qur’an, gradually by Qur’an, Hadith, sayings of companions of holy prophet (SAW), Arabic literature, as well as rational reasoning. Study of Quranic commentaries reveals that, although, there is a consensus on these principles being used for Quranic exegeses but there are variations in understanding and application of these. In this context, the commentaries also differ from one scholar to other. One of these scholars is Ghulam Ahmad Pervaiz, author of Urdu exegesis of Qur’an, whose understanding and application of these principles completely differ from mainstream scholars. Pervaiz used the Arabic language and dictionary meanings as a basic source of Quranic exegeses, while other use it as secondary source. Similarly, Pervaiz rejected the principle of Quranic exegesis ‘illustration by Hadith’. This article discussed the validity and authenticity of Arabic language as a source of Quranic exegesis and Pervaiz’s application of it by disagreeing with mainstream scholars. Analysis made based on basic exegesis principles and historical traditional literature.

Newcomb dilemma in development management

Newcomb dilemmas show a discrepancy in our rational reasoning, as made clear by comparing Evidential Decision Theory with Causal Decision Theory. In this paper, I look at three versions of the dilemma: the original, highly technical and abstract one plus two more mundane cases. I also account for the general schema of the dilemma possibly appearing in macroeconomic situations. Ahmed (2014) aims to provide a solution for macroeconomic cases that opens room for forming a development management Newcomb dilemma – an imaginary case of electric motor competition between Toyota and Tesla. I argue that Ahmed’s solution may solve the macroeconomic Newcomb dilemma, but it cannot be applied to the development management dilemma. If I am right, similar Newcomb situations could be cropping up regularly in development management, leading to seemingly insoluble strategic decisions having to be made. This may create an inevitable pitfall for development management.

TARNISHING THE IMAGE OF A POLITICAL OPPONENT AS A COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY OF DONALD TRUMP’S TWITTING

Purpose. At present when modern political leaders use the Internet service Twitter for strategic purposes, analysis of tarnishing the image of a political opponent as a communicative strategy becomes especially important. The aim of this article is to reveal cognitive (motivational and intentional), stylistic and rhetorical features of the communicative strategy of tarnishing the image of a political opponent in Donald Trump’s twitting.Methods. This research is based on the inferential, definitional, and stylistic-rhetorical analyses.Results. The study analyzes the concepts of image, communicative strategy, and rhetorical technique. It makes a case for the negative evaluation as the key characteristic of the communicative strategy of tarnishing the image of a political opponent. The analysis of the strategic organization of Trump’s Twitter-based Internet discourse has determined the strategy of tarnishing the image of a political opponent as a local one. This local strategy is subordinate to the global strategy of Trump’s twitting that aims to exert communicative influence in order to seize and retain political power. Within this local strategy, I further specify the sub-strategies of disqualification, discrediting, and discrimination, which are differentiated according to the type of the evaluation they rest on. The disqualification sub-strategy is based on the negative teleological evaluation of a political opponent, which highlights the incompatibility of his/her business, professional, and intellectual features with the image of the ideal politician. The discrediting sub-strategy is rooted in the negative ethical evaluation of a political opponent as being incompatible with the image of the ideal politician according to his/her moral/ethical features. The discrimination sub-strategy is based on the negative normative evaluation of a political opponent as belonging to a negatively assessed socio-political category, which indicates that he/she does not qualify for the ideal politician. These sub-strategies are implemented by the rhetorical techniques of influencing the addressee, which are differentiated according to the influence on different spheres of the human psyche they impact on: argumentation (the sphere of rational reasoning), declaration, and emotive contagion (emotions and feelings), and instruction (volition).Conclusions. The analysis of cognitive (motivational and intentional) characteristics of the communicative strategy of tarnishing the image of a political opponent allows to define it as a local one in the strategic organization of Trump’s twitting. This local strategy is realized through the sub-strategies of disqualification, discrediting, and discrimination, which are further implemented by rhetorical techniques of influencing the addressee. The analysis of the disqualification sub-strategy showed that Trump uses several rhetorical techniques simultaneously within one tweet, exerting communicative influence on different spheres of the addressee’s psyche.Key words: communicative influence, image of a politician, negative evaluation, rhetorical technique, strategic organization of discourse, Twitter. Мета. В умовах стратегічного використання інтернет-сервісу «Твітер» сучасними політичними лідерами вивчення руй-нування іміджу політичного опонента як комунікативної стратегії політичного твітінгу набуває особливого значення. Метою статті є встановлення когнітивних (мотиваційно-інтенціональних) та стилістично-риторичних характеристик комунікативної стратегії руйнування іміджу політичного опонента у твітінгу Дональда Трампа.Методи. В основу методики дослідження було покладено інференційний аналіз, який доповнюється дефініційним і сти-лістично-риторичним аналізами.Результати. У межах проведеного дослідження проаналізовано поняття іміджу, комунікативної стратегії, риторичної тех-ніки, обґрунтовано негативну оцінку як ключовий параметр стратегії руйнування іміджу політичного опонента. Аналіз стра-тегічної організації інтернет-дискурсу Д. Трампа на базі твітеру дозволив визначити стратегію руйнування іміджу політичного опонента як локальну стратегію, що підкорюється глобальній стратегії усього твітінгу Д. Трампа – спричиненню комуніка-тивного впливу з метою захоплення й утримання політичної влади. У межах локальної стратегії руйнування іміджу політич-ного опонента виокремлено субстратегії дискваліфікації, дискредитації й дискримінації. Критерієм їх розмежування виступає тип оцінки. В основі субстратегії дискваліфікації лежить негативна телеологічна оцінка політичного опонента, об’єктом якої є його ділові, професійні та інтелектуальні якості. Вони свідчать про невідповідність політичного опонента еталону політика за телеологічними чинниками. Субстратегія дискредитації ґрунтується на негативній етичній оцінці політичного опонента, об’єктом якої є його поведінка, яка свідчить про невідповідність еталону політика за морально-етичними чинникам. Основою субстратегії дискримінації є демонстрація негативної нормативної оцінки політичного опонента, об’єктом якої є його прина-лежність до негативно оцінюваної соціально-політичної категорії, що свідчить про його невідповідність еталону політика за нормативними чинниками. Інструментом реалізації цих субстратегій виступають риторичні техніки впливу на адресата, роз-межовані за критерієм впливу на різні сфери психіки: доведення (раціональне мислення), декларування й емотивне зараження (сфера емоцій і відчуттів), спонукання (волевиявлення).Висновки. Проведений аналіз когнітивних (мотиваційно-інтенціональних) характеристик комунікативної стратегії руйну-вання іміджу політичного опонента дозволяє визначити її як локальну стратегію у стратегічній організації твітінгу Д. Трампа. Ця локальна стратегія втілюється субстратегіями дискваліфікації, дискредитації й дискримінації, які реалізуються риторични-ми техніками впливу на адресата. Аналіз субстратегії дискваліфікації показав, що Д. Трамп використовує одночасно декілька риторичних технік у межах одного твіту, справляючи комунікативний вплив на різні сфери психіки адресата.Ключові слова: імідж політика, комунікативний вплив, негативна оцінка, риторична техніка, стратегічна організація дис-курсу, твітер.

Halal Markets in non-Muslim Secular Societies

The introduction to the special issue discusses the important aspects of the studies of Halal markets in non-Muslim countries and outlines the contributions of the special issue. It also provides a general theoretical outline to bring the articles of the issue together which also offers a starting point for further discussions about sociological and anthropological studies of Halal economies. The major focus within our discussion of halal practices and definitions of halal is on the moral and rational reasoning behind halal marketing and consumption. These questions open more space for further interpretation of halal in secular contexts.

Degree of Commitment (diqi) and Differential Peasant Resistance in Three Village Communities

Centering on an analysis of the role of diqi, or the degree of commitment underlying one’s self-confidence and actions, this study investigates villagers’ differential responses to the same project of demolition of local residences in three neighboring communities in order to understand the psychological mechanism through which peasant resistance came to be differentiated. It is found that what sustained peasant actions was their shared moral commitment to a way of life rather than self-interest or rational reasoning. Different also from James Scott’s “subsistence ethic” or Ying Xing’s ethical power “qi,” however, what the villagers stressed was an “everyday ethic” that sought to preserve their current way of life. Their resistance took different forms because of the different levels of commitment (diqi) that influenced their choice of actions despite the same kind of impact on their ethic of everyday life. To protect the rights and interests of rural residents and alleviate their resistance, it is necessary to give weight to the ethic of the everyday way of life of villagers instead of the logic of capital and to pay attention to the fundamental concerns of the silent majority in rural China.