scholarly journals Conquering the labour market: the socioeconomic enablement of refugee women in Austria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Schiestl ◽  
Bernhard Kittel ◽  
Maite Ibáñez Bollerhoff
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Private Support

AbstractRefugee women from the Near and Middle East face specific challenges when entering the Austrian labour market. Particularly gender-based factors, including care and reproductive work, exert pressure on these women and constitute major hurdles for successful entry into employment in Austria. Based on nine qualitative interviews with refugee women who swiftly gained entry to the labour market as well as ten qualitative interviews with experts from public and private support organisations, we investigate refugee women’s social and cultural capital as well as the individual agencies that foster paths into the labour market. We introduce the concept of enablement as the process of gathering the preconditions for overcoming the challenges that arise on that path. Finally, we illuminate the ways in which the three dimensions of individual, relational and institutional enablement interrelate and shape individual agency with regard to labour market integration.

scholarly journals Minding the Gaps: The Role of Finnish Civil Society Organizations in the Labour Market Integration of Migrants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Bontenbal ◽  
Nathan Lillie
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Labour Market Integration ◽  
Group 2

AbstractThe growing role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in welfare service provision is sometimes portrayed as a threat to welfare state universalism in Nordic societies. In Finland, CSOs co-produce integration services alongside comprehensive official integration programmes, compensating for gaps and shortcomings in those services. We identify three “gaps”, which are (1) limited availability of services in terms of time and target group, (2) lack of direct labour market contacts and (3) limited flexibility to serve individual needs. We assess how CSOs target these gaps with their service offerings through qualitative interviews with policy implementers, CSO workers and migrants. However, CSOs’ role in labour market integration is inherently limited by their services being small scale, short term and project based. We find that due to their independence and limited role, CSOs operate synergistically with official services, extending rather than undermining universalism.

scholarly journals Exploring Employability Constructions of Migrants in Sweden and Potential Consequences for Labour Market Entrance Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Hanna Li Kusterer ◽  
Claudia Bernhard-Oettel
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Welfare Discourse ◽  
Tacit Assumptions ◽  
Analytical Approaches

In the flexible Swedish labour market, the concept of employability has grown important. Within a neoliberal framework, accountability for one’s possibility to successfully obtain or keep employment rests with the individual. In contrast, within a social welfare discourse the individual is offered care and support in order to gain employment. The present study combined intersectional and discourse analytical approaches with the understanding that individual employability is subjectively constructed in the exploration of labour market induction, employability constructions and categorizations in the discourse used by government agencies directly involved in the labour market integration of newly arrived migrants. Public documents comprising information on labour market entrance, employability and associated concepts such as competence building and career development were analysed. The employability constructions were often contradictory—placed at the crossroads of neoliberal and social welfare discourses—and built on tacit assumptions and influenced by stereotypes. Conveying such employability constructions further could lead to exclusion from long-term employment and have detrimental psychological and health repercussions. Instead, it is of importance to work towards reconstructing migrants’ employability in this new context without damaging influence from inflexible categorizations and stereotypes.

scholarly journals Bridging the gap : a study of the Ryerson University, Chang School of Continuing Education, Internationally Educated Social Work Professionals Bridging Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
The Individual

This study examines how the Internationally Educated Social Work Professionals Bridging Program at Ryerson University facilitates the integration of Internationally Educated Social Workers (IESWs) into the Canadian labour market. Research indicates that Internationally Educated Professionals (IEPs) often face significant barriers that restrict them from effectively utilizing their foreign-obtained human capital. Occupational bridging programs are one type of program that has proven effective at increasing the employment rates of the IEPs who participate in them (Adamowicz, 2004; Dean Marie, Austin, & Zubin, 2004; Alboim, Finnie, & Meng, 2005). Through individual interviews conducted with program participants and key stakeholder representatives, this study identifies the barriers that IESWs face in the labour market, the challenges facing the IESW bridging program, and the perceived benefits of the program. The findings of this study reveal that unlike other labour market integration programs the IESWs bridging program comprehensively addresses many of the individual and systemic barriers that restrict IESWs from maximizing returns to their human capital.

scholarly journals Gendered integration? How recently arrived male and female refugees fare on the German labour market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerrin Salikutluk ◽  
Katrin Menke
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Using Data

Objective: This paper examines gender differences in the labour market integration of newly arrived refugees in Germany. In particular, we focus on the heterogeneity in employment rates among female refugees. Background: Previous research has demonstrated that refugee women are disadvantaged on the labour market not only compared to their male counterparts, but also compared to other immigrant women. So far, however, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the specific disadvantages of refugee women. Method: Using data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, we analyse the labour market participation of refugees who migrated to Germany between 2013 and 2017. To test our theoretical assumptions, we apply logistic regressions. Results: Our results show that compositional differences in qualifications, family structure, institutional support, and networks can partly explain the gender gap in labour force participation that disadvantage refugee women. We find substantial variation in the importance of different determinants for the labour market outcomes of men and women. Conclusion: As the gender gaps in labour supply could be fully attributed to the theoretical mechanisms offered in the literature, further research is needed to disentangle female refugees' employment behaviour.

scholarly journals Career-first: an approach to sustainable labour market integration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanesa Fuertes ◽  
Ronald McQuaid ◽  
Peter J. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Active Labour Market Policies ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Sustainable Employment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Work First

AbstractActive labour market policies aim at supporting people entering and, importantly, remaining in the labour market. Initiatives to this end have often been characterised by a mixture of ‘human capital’ and ‘work-first’ approaches, although both have had a relatively limited effect on achieving job sustainability for those most distant from the labour market. This paper explores a distinctive approach to supporting job entry and sustainable employment that we have called ‘career-first’. The career-first approach to labour activation draws on three separate traditions of thinking: labour market, career development, and the capability literatures. Common ground is found in these three perspectives so each complements the weaknesses of the others. A career-first approach may be able to help deliver benefits to the individual, their family, and the wider society.

scholarly journals Bridging the gap : a study of the Ryerson University, Chang School of Continuing Education, Internationally Educated Social Work Professionals Bridging Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
The Individual

This study examines how the Internationally Educated Social Work Professionals Bridging Program at Ryerson University facilitates the integration of Internationally Educated Social Workers (IESWs) into the Canadian labour market. Research indicates that Internationally Educated Professionals (IEPs) often face significant barriers that restrict them from effectively utilizing their foreign-obtained human capital. Occupational bridging programs are one type of program that has proven effective at increasing the employment rates of the IEPs who participate in them (Adamowicz, 2004; Dean Marie, Austin, & Zubin, 2004; Alboim, Finnie, & Meng, 2005). Through individual interviews conducted with program participants and key stakeholder representatives, this study identifies the barriers that IESWs face in the labour market, the challenges facing the IESW bridging program, and the perceived benefits of the program. The findings of this study reveal that unlike other labour market integration programs the IESWs bridging program comprehensively addresses many of the individual and systemic barriers that restrict IESWs from maximizing returns to their human capital.

scholarly journals Agribusiness Facing Its Limits: The Re-Design of Neoliberalization Strategies in the Exporting Agriculture Sector in Chile

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Alexander Panez ◽  
Ilka Roose ◽  
Rodrigo Faúndez
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Law And Literature ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Critical Literature

The core neoliberal strategy of Chilean agrarian politics has lasted now for more than 30 years. Despite minor reforms, its fundamental pillars remain in place. While members of the agribusiness sector consider this strategy to be a role-model for food production leading to explosive economic growth, the last decade exposed its socio-ecological limits, such as declining water availability and increased conflicts over land. Taking critical literature on neoliberalization as a theoretical approach, we used law and literature reviews as well as qualitative interviews with actors from the public and private sectors to reveal the details of the strategies in the exporting agriculture sector in Chile. From the understanding of neoliberalization as a multi-layered process, we analyzed the data, focusing on three dimensions of agribusiness in Chile: (a) regulation, (b) spatial fix, and (c) ideological paradigms. In doing so, we uncovered how far the coping strategies chosen by the state and private sector have re-designed and strengthened the process of agriculture neoliberalization in order to push its own socio-ecological limits.

scholarly journals Overlap Between Industrial Niching and Workplace Segregation: Role of Immigration Policy, Culture and Country of Origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Sinitsyna ◽  
Karin Torpan ◽  
Raul Eamets ◽  
Tiit Tammaru
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Labour Market Integration ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Cultural Similarity

This article focuses on two dimensions of labour market integration, sorting into different industries (niching) and sorting into workplace establishments (segregation) by share of migrant workers. We seek to understand to what degree these two dimensions of immigrants’ lack of labour market integration—niching and segregation—overlap with each other. The study is based on Finnish individual, panel and relational registry data, and we focus on the three largest immigrant groups—Estonians, Russians and Swedes—who have arrived from countries with different wealth levels to the Helsinki metropolitan area. By applying generalised structural equation modelling, we estimate industrial niching and workplace segregation—measured as a degree of overconcentration of immigrants in particular industries and workplace establishments, respectively—jointly. Our main findings show a strong overlap between niching and segregation for all ethnic groups. Segregation and niching levels are the highest among Estonians, but very similar for Russians and Swedes. These findings do not support the cultural similarity argument in immigrant labour market integration. Rather, immigration policy and origin country wealth level may be determinant. Additionally, we found that females are more likely than males to be employed simultaneously in niched industries and segregated workplace establishments, supporting the thesis of gender-based networks.

Doctoral Studies in Psychology in Spain

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Yolanda García Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
The State ◽  
Teaching Program ◽  
Doctoral Studies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
Critical Phase ◽  
The Individual

In Spain doctoral studies underwent a major legal reform in 1998. The new legislation has brought together the criteria, norms, rules, and study certificates in universities throughout the country, both public and private. A brief description is presented here of the planning and structuring of doctoral programs, which have two clearly differentiated periods: teaching and research. At the end of the 2-year teaching program, the individual and personal phase of preparing one's doctoral thesis commences. However, despite efforts by the state to regulate these studies and to achieve greater efficiency, critical judgment is in order as to whether the envisioned aims are being achieved, namely, that students successfully complete their doctoral studies. After this analysis, we make proposals for the future aimed mainly at the individual period during which the thesis is written, a critical phase in obtaining the doctor's degree. Not enough attention has been given to this in the existing legislation.

Signaling Similarity in the Icelandic Labour Market: How Can Immigrants Reduce Statistical Discrimination?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
Kari Kristinsson ◽  
Margret Sigrun Sigurdardottir
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Statistical Discrimination ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Signal Similarity

Research on immigration has emphasized the role that statistical discrimination plays in hiring decisions. A better understanding of how immigrants overcome this type of discrimination might lead to better interventions to improve their labour market participation. In this paper, we use qualitative interviews to examine how immigrants can reduce statistical discrimination by signalling their similarity to employers in their job applications. Specifically, we find that immigrants who demonstrate signal similarity to employers in the type of education, job experience and religion tend to reduce their statistical discrimination by employers. We suggest how further research can build on these results to provide possible tools for immigrant integration.

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