scholarly journals Can a relational mindset boost analogical retrieval?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah B. Goldwater ◽  
Anja Jamrozik
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Reasoning Task ◽  
Relational Thinking ◽  
Relational Encoding ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Spontaneous Retrieval ◽  
Superficial Similarity ◽  
Analogical Retrieval

Abstract Background Memory retrieval is driven by similarity between a present situation and some prior experience, but not all similarity is created equal. Analogical retrieval, rooted in the similarity between two situations in their underlying structural relations, is often responsible for new insights and innovative solutions to problems. However, superficial similarity is instead more likely to drive spontaneous retrieval. How can we make analogical retrieval more likely? Inducing a relational mindset via an analogical reasoning task has previously been shown to boost subsequent relational thinking. In this paper, we examined whether inducing a relational mindset could also boost analogical retrieval. Results We find that a relational mindset can increase analogical retrieval if induced before information is encoded in the first place, amplifying the effect of a clearly labelled relational structure. On the other hand, inducing a relational mindset at the time of retrieval did not increase analogical retrieval. Conclusion This work further demonstrates the central importance of high-quality relational encoding for subsequent relation-based analogical retrieval, and that inducing a relational mindset can improve those encodings.

Analogical reasoning and regulatory focus: using the creative process to enhance consumer-brand outcomes within a co-creation context

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1355-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Naletelich ◽  
Nancy Spears
Keyword(s):  
New Product Development ◽  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
New Product ◽  
Regulatory Fit ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Reasoning Task ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analogical Thinking

Purpose New product development (NPD) is increasingly being delegated to consumers, yet little research has investigated consumer-centric factors that may influence this delegation. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to uniquely combine regulatory focus and analogical reasoning to investigate new product ideation and downstream consumer-brand responses. Design/methodology/approach A series of experiments were undertaken. Findings Study 1 revealed that promotion-focused consumers (as opposed to prevention-focused consumers) have significantly greater purchase intentions if given an analogical reasoning task before engaging in new product ideation due to their cognitive flexibility. Study 2 tested the effects of near vs far analogies and found that promotion-focused consumers use analogical thinking to a greater extent and have significantly higher purchase intentions if primed with far analogies because regulatory fit is enhanced. However, analogical thinking and purchase intentions significantly drop if primed with near analogies. In contrast, prevention-focused consumers use analogical thinking to a greater extent and have significantly higher purchase intentions if shown near analogies, compared to far analogies, because of improved regulatory fit. Both studies confirm a serial mediation chain involving task engagement, self-brand connection, and brand sincerity. Research limitations/implications This research extends current understanding regarding the role of creative tasks within consumer NPD. It also uniquely links regulatory focus and consumer task engagement in NPD to increase favorable brand responses. Practical implications Findings offer managerial insights that can positively increase consumer-brand outcomes during NPD. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to demonstrate the importance of analogical thinking and consumer-centric factors (i.e., regulatory focus) during the NPD process. This avenue of research is important, as most studies have neglected ways in which to increase consumer NPD task engagement, leaving resources unutilized.

scholarly journals Shared and distinct contributions of rostrolateral prefrontal cortex to analogical reasoning and episodic memory retrieval

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 896-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Westphal ◽  
Nicco Reggente ◽  
Kaori L. Ito ◽  
Jesse Rissman
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Analogical Reasoning

Dementia-Free Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Impairment Show Lower Mood and No Deficits of Spontaneous Memory Retrieval

2021 ◽  
pp. 009141502110665
Author(s):  
Michał Wereszczyński ◽  
Agnieszka Niedźwieńska
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Mood Disturbance ◽  
Subjective Memory Complaints ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Complaints ◽  
Spontaneous Retrieval

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether spontaneous retrieval deficits could be found in individuals with Subjective Cognitive Impairment (SCI). The sample consisted of 52 participants over 65 years of age (mean age = 76.00; SD = 7.48) with 11 males. We asked 26 individuals with SCI and 26 individuals without SCI to perform a prospective memory (PM) task that had previously demonstrated spontaneous retrieval deficits in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment. The results did not demonstrate the expected differences in a PM task based on spontaneous retrieval [ t(50) = −.05; p = .964, d = .01]. However, participants’ mood did predict their subjective memory complaints ( β = −.51; p < .001) and their subjective assessment of their future memory performance ( r = −.38; p < .01). The findings are in line with numerous studies which have shown that SCI is more related to mood disturbance than to objective cognitive functioning.

Analogical reasoning in schizophrenic delusions

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Simpson ◽  
D. John Done
Keyword(s):  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Reasoning Task ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Reasoning Tasks ◽  
Cognitive Problems

AbstractPurposeReasoning ability has often been argued to be impaired in people with schizophrenic delusions, although evidence for this is far from convincing. This experiment examined the analogical reasoning abilities of several groups of patients, including non-deluded and deluded schizophrenics, to test the hypothesis that performance by the deluded schizophrenic group would be impaired.Subjects/materialsEleven deluded schizophrenics, 10 depressed subjects, seven non-deluded schizophrenics and 16 matched non-psychiatric controls, who were matched on a number of key variables, were asked to solve an analogical reasoning task.ResultsPerformance by the deluded schizophrenic group was certainly impaired when compared with the depressed and non-psychiatric control groups though less convincingly so when compared with the non-deluded schizophrenic group. The impairment shown by the deluded schizophrenic group seemed to occur at the initial stage of the reasoning task.DiscussionThe particular type of impairment shown by the deluded subjects was assessed in relation to other cognitive problems already researched and the implications of these problems on reasoning tasks and theories of delusions was discussed.

Proverb Comprehension in Context

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn A. Nippold ◽  
Stephanie A. Martin ◽  
Barbara J. Erskine
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Reasoning Task ◽  
Comprehension Task ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Age Range

Although previous studies have reported that proverb comprehension remains quite literal before adolescence, the results of the present study indicated that fourth graders performed well on a proverb comprehension task involving contextual information and a written multiple choice format. It was also found that performance on the proverb task steadily improved at least through the eighth grade and was significantly correlated to performance on a perceptual analogical reasoning task. The study contributes to the small but growing body of information concerning language development during the preadolescent and adolescent years and may have some important implications for the assessment of youngsters of this age range who have comprehension deficits that are troublesome, yet difficult to document.

scholarly journals Multiple Processes in Prospective Memory Retrieval: Factors Determining Monitoring Versus Spontaneous Retrieval.

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles O. Einstein ◽  
Mark A. McDaniel ◽  
Ruthann Thomas ◽  
Sara Mayfield ◽  
Hilary Shank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Spontaneous Retrieval

scholarly journals Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to the Left Rostrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Selectively Improves Source Memory Retrieval

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1380-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Westphal ◽  
Tiffany E. Chow ◽  
Corey Ngoy ◽  
Xiaoye Zuo ◽  
Vivian Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Sham Stimulation ◽  
Visuospatial Perception

Functional neuroimaging studies have consistently implicated the left rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) as playing a crucial role in the cognitive operations supporting episodic memory and analogical reasoning. However, the degree to which the left RLPFC causally contributes to these processes remains underspecified. We aimed to assess whether targeted anodal stimulation—thought to boost cortical excitability—of the left RLPFC with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) would lead to augmentation of episodic memory retrieval and analogical reasoning task performance in comparison to cathodal stimulation or sham stimulation. Seventy-two healthy adult participants were evenly divided into three experimental groups. All participants performed a memory encoding task on Day 1, and then on Day 2, they performed continuously alternating tasks of episodic memory retrieval, analogical reasoning, and visuospatial perception across two consecutive 30-min experimental sessions. All groups received sham stimulation for the first experimental session, but the groups differed in the stimulation delivered to the left RLPFC during the second session (either sham, 1.5 mA anodal tDCS, or 1.5 mA cathodal tDCS). The experimental group that received anodal tDCS to the left RLPFC during the second session demonstrated significantly improved episodic memory source retrieval performance, relative to both their first session performance and relative to performance changes observed in the other two experimental groups. Performance on the analogical reasoning and visuospatial perception tasks did not exhibit reliable changes as a result of tDCS. As such, our results demonstrate that anodal tDCS to the left RLPFC leads to a selective and robust improvement in episodic source memory retrieval.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document