ANTARCTIC RESEARCH IN CONNECTION WITH THE INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR

Geophysics ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Wexler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aurora Borealis ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
International Geophysical

During 1957–58 a dozen nations will establish thirty‐five geophysical stations in Antarctica. Thus, this continent, whose area is larger than that of the United States and Mexico combined, will be the subject of concentrated, coordinated geophysical exploration, to a degree not dreamed possible a few years ago. For the first time geophysical stations will be established away from the coasts, deep in the interior of the continent. Scientists from the various nations will cooperate in exploring the temperatures, winds and electrical properties of an atmosphere cut off from sunlight for many months. The thickness of the ice will be surveyed and examined for indications of increase or decrease of its volume over the years, to see if Antarctic climate is changing. The Aurora Australis will be photographed and compared with its Northern Hemisphere counterpart, the Aurora Borealis. Intensive measurements will be made of geomagnetism, cosmic rays, airglow, and the ionosphere in an attempt to throw light on the physics of the high atmosphere.

“The Abominable Crime of Onan”: Catholic Pastoral Practice and Family Limitation in the United States, 1875–1919

2002 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Woodcock Tentler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The People ◽  
Family Limitation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pastoral Practice

By the 1930s few Catholics in the United States could have been unaware of their church's absolute prohibition on contraception. A widely-publicized papal encyclical had spoken to the issue in 1930, even as various Protestant churches were for the first time giving a public blessing to the practice of birth control in marriage. Growing numbers of American Catholics had been exposed since at least 1920 to frank and vigorous preaching on the subject in the context of parish missions. (Missions are probably best understood as the Catholic analogue of a revival.) And by the early 1930s Catholic periodicals and pamphlets addressed the question of birth control more frequently and directly than ever before. As a Chicago Jesuit acknowledged in 1933, “Practically every priest who is close to the people admits that contraception is the hardest problem of the confessional today.” A major depression accounted in part for the hardness of the problem. But it was more fundamentally caused by the laity's heightened awareness of their church's stance on birth control and their growing consciousness of this position as a defining attribute of Catholic identity.

scholarly journals The United States Glaciological Researches during the International Geophysical Year

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (31) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Crary ◽  
W. O. Field ◽  
M. F. Meier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
International Geophysical ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThe U.S. IGY program in glaciology is reviewed in two parts: Antarctica and northern latitudes. The objectives of the program are outlined and the results of each investigation are briefly summarized. A separate discussion of observations related to changes in the Earth’s ice cover is included.

United States research at drifting stations in the Arctic Ocean

Polar Record ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 10 (66) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Browne Cottell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Study Program ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Ocean Study ◽  
International Geophysical

Project “Ice Skate” was initiated in 1957 to establish and support the United States drifting research stations in the Arctic Ocean, “Alpha”, and “Bravo” and later the “Alpha” replacement, “Charlie”. The purpose of the project was to provide facilities for research in geophysical phenomena as prescribed in the Arctic Ocean Study Program formulated by the United States National Committee for the International Geophysical Year, and continued under the International Geophysical Co-operation Program.

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