On the accuracy of aurora visible boundaries in the OVATION Prime (PC) model

Оценка положения экваториальных границ аврорального овала при разных магнитосферных условиях, несёт в себе информацию о формирующихся плазменных структурах, глубине их проникновения во внутреннюю магнитосферу, движении внутренней границы плазменного слоя и т.д. Развитие алгоритмов определения положения видимой экваториальной границы аврорального овала является важной частью исследований, связанных с разработкой моделей химического состава ионосферы, моделей авроральных высыпаний частиц и оценки точности этих моделей. Немаловажную роль исследования полярных сияний (прогноз, интенсивность, положение) играют и для развития туристического сегмента в Арктике и информационных ресурсов служб мониторинга и прогноза космической погоды. В рамках исследования оценки точности положения видимых границ овала сияний в моделях авроральных высыпаний частиц была выбрана наземная наблюдательная сеть оптических камер всего неба проекта THEMIS, запущенная в 2008 г., и модифицированная модель OVATION Prime (PC), разработанная в отделе Геофизики ФГБУ «ААНИИ использующая в качестве входного параметра наземный индекс полярной шапки (PC-индекс). The location of the equatorial boundaries of the auroral oval under different magnetospheric conditions contains information about the forming plasma structures, the depth of their penetration into the inner magnetosphere, the motion of the inner boundary of the plasma layer, etc. The development of methods and algorithms for determining the position of the visible equatorial boundary of the auroral oval is an important part of research related to the development of models of the chemical composition of the ionosphere, models of auroral particle precipitation, and assessment of the accuracy of these models. Research of aurora borealis (forecast, intensity, position) also plays an important role for the development of the tourist segment in the Arctic and information resources of space weather monitoring and forecasting services.

Biographical Introduction; Theodor Kittelsen's Illustrations; Interpretation and Summary of Contents

The twelfth volume in the series consists of Norsk Høifjeld, a work of prose and poetry written by Theodor Caspari and illustrated by Theodor Kittelsen and several other artists. In the various editions of the work, the aurora borealis figures in Caspari's text as well as in some of Kittelsen's illustrations. The introduction derives from an MA course in Scandinavian literature entitled ‘Dem Polarlicht auf der Spur. Wissenschaftshistorische und kulturwissen­schaftliche Erkundigungen’, given by Marie-Theres Federhofer at Humboldt University Berlin in 2019. The introduction has been written by the student Corinna Hoffmann, the student Lea Meissner, and Per Pippin Aspaas from UiT's University Library. It consists of a brief biographical sketch on Theodor Caspari, an introduction to Theodor Kittelsen's illustrations, and an interpretation and summary of contents of three of the altogether five editions of Norsk Høifjeld that were issued in Theodor Caspari's lifetime.

Is the Aurora Borealis an Inspiration to the Performance of Nordic Economic Sustainability?

The Nordic countries are well positioned in the main international economic, social, and sustainability indices, and the scientific literature that supports these indices argues that a rise in these rankings promotes economic growth. With this unprecedented empirical study, we intended to assess whether, in the case of the Nordic countries, the long term maintenance of high positions translates into sustainable economic growth. The period considered was between 2004 and 2008, and we used the ARDL methodology to assess time series. The ARDL methodology has the advantage of providing us with short and long term coefficients. Using five of the leading international indices, we conclude that, for the Nordic countries, economic freedom is not important for economic growth, while business friendly regulation is the most important variable. Three important findings of our study (in which Granger causality complemented the ARDL methodology) are that these countries were able to adapt perfectly to the globalization process, entrepreneurship makes an important contribution to the continued economic and social success of these countries (allowing them to continue to enjoy their “Nordic welfare states” in these uncertain times), and corruption harms the Nordic economy. These variables have contributed to the countries’ economic and social sustainability.

The disputed sound of the aurora borealis: sensing liminal noise during the First and Second International Polar Years, 1882–3 and 1932–3

This paper discusses heightened interest in the potential audibility of the aurora borealis during the First and Second International Polar Years (IPYs) of 1882–3 and 1932–3. Galvanized by a growing volume of local accounts expressing belief in the elusive noises, written by the inhabitants of the Shetland Islands, northern Canada, and Norway, auroral researchers of each era were determined to establish the objectivity of auroral sound. There was considerable speculation within the auroral research community as to whether the apparent noises were imagined or illusory, connected to discussions about the possibility of low-altitude aurorae. The anglophone auroral sound debate primarily played out within the official reports of IPY expeditions, the journal Nature , and a Shetland Island newspaper. I argue that the embodied senses were used exclusively to register the liminal sounds of the aurora across the two periods, despite developments in sound recording technologies, the primacy of mechanical objectivity, and instruments transported to the polar regions for the investigation of visual features of the phenomenon. This overlooked episode complicates narratives of polar science in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by revealing a faith in the corporeal senses and the significant role of amateur observers.

Aurora Borealis Is an Inspiration to the Performance of Nordic Economies?

The Nordic countries are practically always well positioned in the main international economic, social and sustainability indices and recommending the scientific literature that the variables that these indices intend to measure translate into sustainable economic growth, with this unprecedented empirical study we intend to verify through the ARDL methodology for space temporal 2004 -2018 if the maintenance of high scores in these indexes translates into effective economic growth. The ARDL methodology has the advantage of giving us short- and long-term coefficients. Using four of the main international indices, we conclude that for Nordic countries for economic growth, economic freedom is of no significance and business-friendly regulation is the most important variable. A fundamental discovery in our study (in which Granger's Causality complements the ARDL methodology) is that these countries have been able to adapt perfectly to the globalization process and that entrepreneurship has worked as an important contribution to the continued economic and social success of these countries, allowing them to continue to enjoy their “Nordic Welfare States” in these uncertain and troubled times. These variables have contributed to its economic and social sustainability.

Friedrich Christoph Mayer and his theory of the aurora borealis

The eleventh volume in the series presents two articles on the aurora borealis by Friedrich Christoph Mayer (1697–1729), a mathematician at the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg. The first paper, titled “De Luce Boreali” (On the Northern Light), was presented during a session at the newly founded Academy in October 1726. It was printed two years later (1728) in the very first volume of its official periodical, the Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae. The second paper, also bearing the title “De Luce Boreali”, constitutes the author’s ‘second thoughts’ on the matter. It was presented during a session in October 1728 but was not printed until after Mayer’s death, in the fifth volume of the Commentarii (1735). Both papers are included in facsimile in this issue of Aurorae Borealis Studia Classica. Eric Chassefière, member of the Histoire des sciences astronomiques team of the SYRTE laboratory at the Observatoire de Paris, has written an introduction to Mayer’s life and works with a special emphasis on his theory of the aurora borealis. In his introduction, Chassefière also recounts how Mayer’s theory was received by other eighteenth-century savants.