Lower Palaeozoic petroleum systems of the Baltic Basin in northern Poland: A 3D basin modeling study of selected areas (onshore and offshore)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. SH117-SH132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Sowiżdżał ◽  
Tomasz Słoczyński ◽  
Marek Stadtműller ◽  
Weronika Kaczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Petroleum System ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
Shale Formations ◽  
Upper Cambrian ◽  
Organic Matter Transformation ◽  
Petroleum Systems ◽  
Shale Rock ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic ◽  
The Baltic

We have developed a Lower Palaeozoic petroleum systems analysis in the selected zones of the Polish section of the Baltic Basin (onshore and offshore), which we carried out to assess the potential of shale rock formations as unconventional reservoirs. The areas of the Baltic Basin, which we analyzed represent a diversity of shale formations burial depths and thus different advancement of sediments compaction and organic matter transformation. Methods of dynamic petroleum systems modeling were applied with a 3D modeling workflow (PetroMod suite software). We considered an extensive array of data, including results of geochemical and petrophysical laboratory measurements, geophysical borehole data and, in selected locations — 3D seismic data. Five potentially perspective shale rock intervals (Silurian [2], Ordovician [2], and Upper Cambrian [1]) are identified and interpreted in terms of their geochemical and petrophysical properties. We calibrated the petroleum system models in terms of proper reproduction of diagenetic processes (pore pressure and porosity), thermal conditions (vitrinite reflectance, temperature), and kerogen kinetic model (organic matter transformation ratio, types of hydrocarbons generated). The results of the petroleum system simulations reveal that for the predominant part of the analyzed area, the achieved level of kerogen thermal maturity determines the generation of liquid hydrocarbons, which results in the present-day saturation of shale formations mainly with crude oil. We concluded that the highest generation yields as well as present-day hydrocarbons in place are observed for Ordovician Sasino Formation (onshore and offshore), Silurian/Llandovery Jantar member (onshore), and Upper Cambrian (alum shales) formation. Furthermore, a significant variation in the mass/volumes of accumulated hydrocarbons is observed within each of the shale formations being considered.

K-Ar dating of the Lower Palaeozoic K-bentonites from the Baltic Basin and the Baltic Shield: implications for the role of temperature and time in the illitization of smectite

Clay Minerals ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Środoń ◽  
N. Clauer ◽  
W. Huff ◽  
T. Dudek ◽  
M. Banaś
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Shield ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
The North ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic ◽  
Fission Track Ages ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractMixed-layer illite-smectite samples from the Ordovician and Silurian K-bentonites of the Baltic Basin and the Baltic Shield (Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Poland and Estonia) were dated by K-Ar on several grain fractions and were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), both on oriented and random preparations, in order to reveal the conditions of smectite illitization in the area. Authigenic K-feldspar was also dated. The geographic pattern of the degree of illitization (% smectite in illite-smectite measured by XRD) is consistent with other indicators of palaeotemperatures (acritarchs, conodont alteration index, vitrinite reflectance, apatite fission track ages). It reveals the highest maximum palaeotemperatures (up to at least 200ºC) along the Norwegian and the German-Polish branches of the Caledonides and the lowest palaeotemperatures (120ºC) in the central part of the studied area. The distribution of K-Ar ages is not well correlated with this pattern, revealing a zone of older ages (Lower Devonian-Lower Carboniferous) between Denmark and Estonia, and areas of younger ages (Upper Devonian to Carboniferous/Permian boundary) to the north and south of this zone. The zone of older ages is interpreted as the result of illitization induced by a thermal event in front of the Caledonian orogenic belt (migration of hot metamorphic fluids?). The areas of younger ages are considered as representing deep burial illitization under a thick Silurian-Carboniferous sedimentary cover, perhaps augmented by a tectonic load. The K-Ar dates invalidate the hypothesis of a long-lasting low-temperature illitization as the mechanism of formation of the Estonian Palaeozoic illite-smectite. The ammonium content of illite-smectite from the Baltic K-bentonites reflects the proximity of organic-rich source rocks that underwent thermal alteration at the time of illite crystallization.

scholarly journals Oil–source-rock correlation of the Lower Paleozoic petroleum system in the Baltic Basin (northern Europe)

AAPG Bulletin ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1971-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyu Yang ◽  
Hans-Martin Schulz ◽  
Niels Hemmingsen Schovsbo ◽  
Jørgen A. Bojesen-Koefoed
Keyword(s):  
Source Rock ◽  
Petroleum System ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Oil Source

scholarly journals Preliminary Studies on the Proppant Embedment in Baltic Basin Shale Rock

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Masłowski ◽  
Małgorzata Labus
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
Fracture Width ◽  
Shale Rock ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Axial Compressive Stress ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Proppant Embedment

AbstractProppant embedment is a serious issue that reduces fracture width and conductivity. The paper presents the results of experiments on embedment phenomena on a shale rock from the region of the Baltic Basin, which is regarded as an unconventional gas deposit. A novel laboratory imaging procedure was implemented to the proppant embedment visualization. The tests were performed for conditions corresponding to the average reservoir conditions occurring in the studied deposit formation. The parameters characterizing damage of the surface of the fracture faces by the grains of proppant material, after the application of axial compressive stress to two shale core samples with proppant placed in between, are presented. The tests were carried out for rock samples pre-saturated with fracturing fluid. The obtained results of relatively low total effective penetration depth of proppant grains into the walls of the fracture (0.293 mm), and high effective width of fracture with proppant material after hydraulic fracturing (87.9%), indicate the proper selection of proppant and fracturing fluid for the properties of the rock and the reservoir conditions. The results of the experiments present a range of embedment parameters, that have not been widely described before. The test procedure presented in the article is a good method for assessing the vulnerability of a deposit rock to embedment phenomenon.

scholarly journals The Furongian to Lower Ordovician Alum Shale Formation in conventional and unconventional petroleum systems in the Baltic Basin – A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 103674
Author(s):  
Hans-Martin Schulz ◽  
Shengyu Yang ◽  
Niels H. Schovsbo ◽  
Erik Rybacki ◽  
Amin Ghanizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Basin ◽  
Petroleum Systems ◽  
Alum Shale ◽  
Lower Ordovician ◽  
Shale Formation ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals I.—History of the Names Cambrian and Silurian in Geology

1873 ◽  
Vol 10 (111) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sterry Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Upper Cambrian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic ◽  
The Subject

It is proposed in the following pages to give a concise account of the progress of investigation of the lower Palæozoic rocks during the last forty years. The subject may naturally be divided into three parts: 1. The history of Silurian and Upper Cambrian in Great Britain from 1831 to 1854; 2. That of the still more ancient Palæozoic rocks in Scandinavia, Bohemia, and Great Britain up to the present time, including the recognition by Barrande of the so-called primordial Palæozoic; fauna; 3. The history of the lower Palæozoic rocks of North America.

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