Adaptive ground-roll attenuation with localized eigenimage filtering

ABSTRACT. Seismic processing aims to provide an adequate image of the subsurface geology. During seismic processing, the filtering of signals considered noise is of utmost importance. Among these signals is the surface rolling noise, better known as ground-roll. Ground-roll occurs mainly in land seismic data, masking reflections, and this roll has the following main features: high amplitude, low frequency and low speed. The attenuation of this noise is generally performed through so-called conventional methods using 1-D or 2-D frequency filters in the fk domain. This study uses the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method for ground-roll attenuation. The EMD method was implemented in the programming language FORTRAN 90 and applied in the time and frequency domains. The application of this method to the processing of land seismic line 204-RL-247 in Tacutu Basin resulted in stacked seismic sections that were of similar or sometimes better quality compared with those obtained using the fk and high-pass filtering methods.Keywords: seismic processing, empirical mode decomposition, seismic data filtering, ground-roll. RESUMO. O processamento sísmico tem como principal objetivo fornecer uma imagem adequada da geologia da subsuperfície. Nas etapas do processamento sísmico a filtragem de sinais considerados como ruídos é de fundamental importância. Dentre esses ruídos encontramos o ruído de rolamento superficial, mais conhecido como ground-roll . O ground-roll ocorre principalmente em dados sísmicos terrestres, mascarando as reflexões e possui como principais características: alta amplitude, baixa frequência e baixa velocidade. A atenuação desse ruído é geralmente realizada através de métodos de filtragem ditos convencionais, que utilizam filtros de frequência 1D ou filtro 2D no domínio fk. Este trabalho utiliza o método de Decomposição em Modos Empíricos (DME) para a atenuação do ground-roll. O método DME foi implementado em linguagem de programação FORTRAN 90, e foi aplicado no domínio do tempo e da frequência. Sua aplicação no processamento da linha sísmica terrestre 204-RL-247 da Bacia do Tacutu gerou como resultados, seções sísmicas empilhadas de qualidade semelhante e por vezes melhor, quando comparadas as obtidas com os métodos de filtragem fk e passa-alta.Palavras-chave: processamento sísmico, decomposição em modos empíricos, filtragem dados sísmicos, atenuação do ground-roll.

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Dispersion Patterns of Ground Roll (Seismic Noise) in Eastern Niger Delta

10.2118/88992-ms ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cyril Ukaonu ◽

Francis Ukaigwe

Keyword(s):

Niger Delta ◽

Seismic Noise ◽

Dispersion Patterns ◽

Ground Roll

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DISPERSION IN SEISMIC SURFACE WAVES

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.1437652 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 63-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Milton B. Dobrin

Keyword(s):

Surface Waves ◽

Water Waves ◽

Seismic Refraction ◽

Wave Theory ◽

Wave Dispersion ◽

Surface Zone ◽

Surface Wave Dispersion ◽

Near Surface ◽

Arrival Times ◽

Ground Roll

A non‐mathematical summary is presented of the published theories and observations on dispersion, i.e., variation of velocity with frequency, in surface waves from earthquakes and in waterborne waves from shallow‐water explosions. Two further instances are cited in which dispersion theory has been used in analyzing seismic data. In the seismic refraction survey of Bikini Atoll, information on the first 400 feet of sediments below the lagoon bottom could not be obtained from ground wave first arrival times because shot‐detector distances were too great. Dispersion in the water waves, however, gave data on speed variations in the bottom sediments which made possible inferences on the recent geological history of the atoll. Recent systematic observations on ground roll from explosions in shot holes have shown dispersion in the surface waves which is similar in many ways to that observed in Rayleigh waves from distant earthquakes. Classical wave theory attributes Rayleigh wave dispersion to the modification of the waves by a surface layer. In the case of earthquakes, this layer is the earth’s crust. In the case of waves from shot‐holes, it is the low‐speed weathered zone. A comparison of observed ground roll dispersion with theory shows qualitative agreement, but it brings out discrepancies attributable to the fact that neither the theory for liquids nor for conventional solids applies exactly to unconsolidated near‐surface rocks. Additional experimental and theoretical study of this type of surface wave dispersion may provide useful information on the properties of the surface zone and add to our knowledge of the mechanism by which ground roll is generated in seismic shooting.

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A method of ground‐roll elimination

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.1442526 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 894-902 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Ruhi Saatçilar ◽

Nezihi Canitez

Keyword(s):

Seismic Data ◽

Seismic Reflection ◽

Wave Motion ◽

Frequency Interval ◽

Vertical Resolution ◽

Matched Filters ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Frequency Bands ◽

Ground Roll ◽

Seismic Reflections

Amplitude‐ and frequency‐modulated wave motion constitute the ground‐roll noise in seismic reflection prospecting. Hence, it is possible to eliminate ground roll by applying one‐dimensional, linear frequency‐modulated matched filters. These filters effectively attenuate the ground‐roll energy without damaging the signal wavelet inside or outside the ground roll’s frequency interval. When the frequency bands of seismic reflections and ground roll overlap, the new filters eliminate the ground roll more effectively than conventional frequency and multichannel filters without affecting the vertical resolution of the seismic data.

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P-P AND S-S GROUND ROLL COMPARISON

10.4133/sageep2013-237.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Brooke Briand ◽

Priyank Jaiswal

Keyword(s):

Ground Roll

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Ground-Roll Attenuation Using a Dual-Filter-Bank Convolutional Neural Network

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing ◽

10.1109/tgrs.2021.3110303 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Chao Zhang ◽

Mirko van der Baan

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Convolutional Neural Network ◽

Filter Bank ◽

Ground Roll

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Analysis of Parameters Affecting Impact Force Attenuation during Landing in Human Vertical Free Fall

Engineering in Medicine ◽

10.1243/emed_jour_1982_011_039_02 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 141-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

J Mizrahi ◽

Z Susak

Keyword(s):

Early Phase ◽

Impact Force ◽

Body Position ◽

Free Fall ◽

Muscle Action ◽

Impact Forces ◽

Ground Roll ◽

Vertical Landing

The characteristics of impact forces on the legs during vertical landing of human vertical free fall in different falling conditions were studied to reveal the parameters which take part in the attenuation of these impact forces. The following parameters were investigated: body position during landing, range of flexion of the joints of the legs at impact, usage of ground-roll immediately after impact and softness of the ground. The results indicate that joint movements and muscle action play a major role in reducing peak forces during landing. This emphasizes the importance of adequate training to improve the pre-programmed non-reflex muscle action, necessary in the early phase of impact.

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Single-station SVD-based polarization filtering of ground roll: Perfection and investigation of limitations and pitfalls

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/geo2011-0040.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. V41-V59 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Olena Tiapkina ◽

Martin Landrø ◽

Yuriy Tyapkin ◽

Brian Link

Keyword(s):

Time Window ◽

Synthetic Data ◽

Vertical Component ◽

Horizontal Component ◽

Frequency Bandwidth ◽

Polarization Filter ◽

Data Set ◽

Single Station ◽

Ground Roll ◽

Polarization Filtering

The advent of single receiver point, multi-component geophones has necessitated that ground roll be removed in the processing flow rather than through acquisition design. A wide class of processing methods for ground-roll elimination is polarization filtering. A number of these methods use singular value decomposition (SVD) or some related transformations. We focus on a single-station SVD-based polarization filter that we consider to be one of the best in the industry. The method is comprised of two stages: (1) ground-roll detection and (2) ground-roll estimation and filtering. To detect the ground roll, a special attribute dependent on the singular values of a three-column matrix formed by a sliding time window is used. The ground roll is approximated and subtracted using the first two eigenimages of this matrix. To limit the possible damage to the signal, the filter operates within the record intervals where the ground roll is detected and within the ground-roll frequency bandwidth only. We improve the ground-roll detector to make it theoretically insensitive to ambient noise and more sensitive to the presence of ground roll. The advantage of the new detector is demonstrated on synthetic and field data sets. We estimate theoretically and with synthetic data the attenuation of the underlying reflections that can be caused by the polarization filter. We show that the underlying signal always loses almost all the energy on the vertical component and on the horizontal component in the ground-roll propagation plane and within the ground-roll frequency bandwidth. The only signal component, if it exists, that can retain a significant part of its energy is the horizontal component orthogonal to the above plane. When 2D 3C field operations are conducted, the signal particle motion can deviate from the ground-roll propagation plane and can therefore retain some of its energy due to a set of offline reflections. In the case of 3D 3C seismic surveys, the reflected signal always deviates from the ground-roll propagation plane on the receiver lines that do not contain the source. This is confirmed with a 2.5D 3C synthetic data set. We discuss when the ability of the filter to effectively subtract the ground roll may, or may not, allow us to ignore the inevitable harm that is done to the underlying reflected waves.

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Ground roll: A potential tool for constraining shallow shear‐wave structure

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.1443455 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 713-719 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ghassan I. Al‐Eqabi ◽

Robert B. Herrmann

Keyword(s):

Surface Wave ◽

Phase Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Structure ◽

S Wave ◽

Data Set ◽

Velocity Inversion ◽

Ground Roll ◽

Lateral Variations ◽

Wave Arrival

The objective of this study is to demonstrate that a laterally varying shallow S‐wave structure, derived from the dispersion of the ground roll, can explain observed lateral variations in the direct S‐wave arrival. The data set consists of multichannel seismic refraction data from a USGS-GSC survey in the state of Maine and the province of Quebec. These data exhibit significant lateral changes in the moveout of the ground‐roll as well as the S‐wave first arrivals. A sequence of surface‐wave processing steps are used to obtain a final laterally varying S‐wave velocity model. These steps include visual examination of the data, stacking, waveform inversion of selected traces, phase velocity adjustment by crosscorrelation, and phase velocity inversion. These models are used to predict the S‐wave first arrivals by using two‐dimensional (2D) ray tracing techniques. Observed and calculated S‐wave arrivals match well over 30 km long data paths, where lateral variations in the S‐wave velocity in the upper 1–2 km are as much as ±8 percent. The modeled correlation between the lateral variations in the ground‐roll and S‐wave arrival demonstrates that a laterally varying structure can be constrained by using surface‐wave data. The application of this technique to data from shorter spreads and shallower depths is discussed.

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Seismic structure of the Cheb Basin from high resolution surveying – data quality assessment and first results

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10124 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Natalia Banasiak ◽

Florian Bleibinhaus

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Earthquake Activity ◽

Seismic Structure ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Eger Rift ◽

First Results ◽

Ground Roll ◽

Variscan Granites ◽

Cheb Basin

In this study we present data and preliminary results from several shallow high-resolution seismic surveys in the Cheb Basin, CR, a small intracontinental basin in the North-West Bohemian Massif, located at the Western end of the Cenozoic Eger Rift. The area is well known for its intense earthquake activity, with the largest instrumentally recorded magnitude of ML=4.6. Macroseismic reports of local seismicity date back to the early 19th century, with magnitudes possibly above 5. Quaternary volcanoes, CO2-rich moffettes, and the swarm-like occurrence of the earthquakes suggest they are being triggered by crustal fluids. In contrast, most focal mechanisms show a dominant strike-slip component, indicative of tectonics. Investigating the role of fluids in triggering those earthquakes is one of the objectives of an ongoing ICDP program.We expect high-resolution images of the basin structure to provide additional constraints regarding the importance of tectonic faulting. To that end, we surveyed several up to 3-km-long reflection and refraction profiles in the basin center across the putative Po&#269;&#225;tky-Plesn&#225; Fault, and at its edge, across the basin-bounding Mari&#225;nsk&#233; L&#225;zn&#283; Fault. The up to 350-m-thick basin sediments are mostly of Miocene and Quaternary origin, overlying Paleozoic Variscan units and post-Variscan granites. The main reflectors are around 200-400 ms. The data were collected with a 500-m-long split-spread of single geophones at 2 m spacing, and the raw shots are dominated by ground roll. In this presentation, we will show an overview of the field campaigns and present first results.

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