The Effect of Electric Energy Accumulation by Hydrated ZrO2 – Nanoparticles

The dimensional effect of the accumulation of an electric charge with a density of up to 270 μF/g by the system of compacted zirconium dioxide nanoparticles during exposure in an electric field (5000 V/m) under normal physical conditions is determined. Based on a qualitative complex analysis of the forms of appearance of the effect, it is shown that the place of localization of different charge carriers is the surface of nanoparticles. The supposed mechanism of this effect is considered using the theory of dispersed systems, the band theory, and the theory of contact phenomena in semiconductors. It was concluded that this mechanism is due to the phenomenon of localization of electron-type charge nanoparticles in the near-surface zone of the material in contact with the adsorption ion atmosphere. This effect is relevant for modern nanoelectronics, microsystem technology, and printed electronics.

Preface

Proceedings of the II All-Russian Conference with International Participation «Evolution of Biosphere and Technogenesis» «Biosphere and Technogenesis – 2021» Dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS Chita, Russian Federation, 30 August – 2 September, 2021 On behalf of the Organising Committee and the Editors of this volume, we are delighted to present the Proceedings of the IInd National conference with international participation, titled “The Evolution of the Biosphere and Technogenesis”, dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Institute of Natural Resources Ecology and Cryology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which was held in the city of Chita, Russia (August 30 – September 2, 2021). The Conference was organized by the Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS, with the support of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Daursky Nature Reserve and other organizations. The main subjects of the conference were as follows: 1. The Evolution of the biosphere (geological, paleontological, biological and climatic aspects). 2. Technogenesis and the evolution of the environment (ecological, economic and social aspects). Within the framework of the conference, the VIIIst National Symposium with international participation “Mineralogy and geochemistry of the landscape of mining areas” was been organized. A dynamic balance in the biosphere is based on a system of cycles created and maintained by it. These gyres cover not only the near-surface zone of the Earth – the exosphere, but also the deep horizons. The evolution of the biosphere as a self-developing system is part of the evolution of the Earth from the origin of life to the appearance of man and the formation of the technosphere. Understanding both the general trend of evolution and its individual stages is important not only in terms of fundamental knowledge, but also in practical terms for predicting the future of humanity and the entire biosphere. The intensification of the technogenic impact on the biosphere, which, as V.I. Vernadsky wrote, by the beginning of the 20th century had reached the scale of geological processes, threatens its stability. List of Conference Organizers is available in this pdf.

Transformation Plasticity in Carbonitrided PM-Steels: Quantification of Plasticity Effects in Dependence of the Part Density*

To optimize heat treatment processes of case hardened components, heat treatment simulations are used to predict surface layer conditions. Only a precise knowledge and modelling of the transformation processes allows a trustworthy prediction of the hardness and residual stresses in the surface zone. The transformation plasticity mechanism plays an essential role in the heat treatment process and its correct simulation has a significant influence on the resulting calculated residual stress profiles and component distortion. Without considering transformation plasticity, simulative residual stresses are significantly overestimated [1]. In this work, powder metallurgical components are pressed and sintered and subsequently carbonitrided for a dilatometric investigation to characterize the correlation between transformation plasticity effect and the density. The results show a dependence of the austenite-martensite volume change that led to a significant difference of 0.5 Vol-%. A model describing the martensite volume change with respect to density is proposed. This also affects the description of the transformation plasticity constants (K) between K = 5 – 6 × 10–5 MPa–1 in dependence of density. With currently available data, the effect of chemical composition and density cannot be separated and quantified and further studies are therefore necessary to allow such a refinement.

Wälzfestigkeit erodierter Oberflächen im Zwei-Scheiben-Zahnradanalogieversuch

Due to advances in power electronics and high-frequency process control, the technology of electrical discharge machining (EDM) has received a decisive technological boost in the last two decades to increase the achievable removal and cutting rates and to minimize the thermally influenced surface zone. At the same time, wire electrical discharge machining in particular has always been characterized by high achievable geometrical accuracy. In addition, a cup-shaped surface structure is formed in EDM as a result of the individual discharge points, which can offer targeted optimization potential with regard to tribological properties in rolling-sliding contacts. For this reason, the objective of this report is the knowledge of the contact fatigue strength of eroded surfaces in comparison to a ground reference with a focus on tribological contact conditions typical for gears.

A Promising Drug Delivery: Intranasal Drug Delivery System

Pneumonic medication conveyance has acquired gigantic logical interest as of late and has advanced inside the setting of treatment for lung infections. Lung is an appealing climate for bio particles, which are exceptionally presented to enzymatic debasement in the gastrointestinal parcel just as hepatic corruption. Pneumonic course is a non-intrusive organization for fundamental conveyance of restorative specialists (mostly peptides and proteins). Lungs give an enormous absorptive surface zone however very meager (0.1 ?m – 0.2 ?m) absorptive mucosal layer and great blood supply. Intra tracheal organization is a first methodology in lung drug conveyance in vivo. In inward breath treatment most regular gadgets utilized were nebulizer, Metered dose inhaler (MDI), Dry powder inhaler (DPI) and direct haler aspiratory gadgets. Pneumonic medication conveyance is utilized for the board of COPD and Asthma. From Last couple of year’s procedures and new medication conveyance gadgets are acquainted with convey drugs into the lungs have been generally evolved. Pneumonic medication conveyance can likewise be utilized to treat Diabetes, angina pectoris, disease, bone problems, tuberculosis, headache intense lung injury and others. Liposomes, nano and miniature particles, cyclodextrins, miniature emulsions, micelles, suspensions, or arrangements are altogether instances of the drug transporters that have been effectively used to target drugs into lungs. This audit talks about the methodologies and gadgets needed to be direct medication into the lungs.

Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Post-Treated Zn4Al Sprayed Coatings Using Twin Wire Arc Spraying

Metal structures in offshore facilities are usually protected from corrosion using Zn-Al coatings even though they are subjected to collective stress conditions. This paper evaluates a post-treatment called machine hammer peening and its effect on surface finish, induced residual stresses, and near-surface microstructure of thermally sprayed ZnAl4 coatings. As expected, coating roughness was reduced from about Rz = 53.5 μm in the as-sprayed condition to 10.4 μm after treatment and coating densification was revealed in the near-surface zone. Residual stresses, which were surprisingly compressive in the as-sprayed condition, were likewise affected by the peening process, reaching a maximum of 200 MPa. The influence of peening direction and other such parameters were also investigated as part of the study.

Geodynamic processes, hydrocarbon migration and their occurrence in geophysics

The paper shows that in the oil deposits formed in the Earth crust, due to the overpressure hydrocarbon components migration to the sedimentary cover and penetration to the field occur. As a result of vertical hydrocarbon migration in the oil and gas fields, a subvertical zone differing by its physical properties from the environment is formed. Such a subvertical zone affects geophysical, geochemical and logging data as well. Therefore, while migrate to the near-surface zone, hydrocarbons interact with a complex of rocks of sedimentary cover. As a result of impacting of fines forming hydrocarbons with the complex of subsurface rocks, a part of hydrocarbon flow energy transforms into the fluctuations of minor particles of subsurface rocks, and the other one, in the result of atoms and molecules impact - into the irregular molecule motion. A part of mechanical energy of moving particles transforms into another - thermal type of energy, as a result of which the environment gets “warmed”. Herewith, the temperature in near-surface zones differs from environment. Therefore, in the oil and gas fields in subvertical zones a heterogeneous area differing from the environment by geophysical, geochemical and other characteristics is formed. Based on the research data carried out by numerous specialists, it was justified that the changing of geophysical parameters is affected not only by oil-gas field, but near-surface zone as well. This feature is recommended to consider in the analysis of geophysical data.

Studying of space weather electromagnetic parameters of ionosphere in «Obstanovka 1-step» experiment on the Russian segment of the ISS

The program and results of physical research in the international (5 countries) space experiment «The situation (1 stage)», conducted onboard the Russian segment of the International Space Station (ISS) in the period 27.02.2013 to 09.05.2015, is presented. The methods and scientific tasks of the experiment and the composition of the Plasma-wave complex based on the combined wave diagnostics method are described in detail, and designed to conduct geophysical studies through long-term monitoring measurements of the electromagnetic parameters of the ionosphere plasma and plasma-wave processes associated with the manifestation in the ionosphere of the solar-magnetosphere-ionosphere and ionosphere-atmosphere relationships, i. e., parameters of space weather. Studies in the near-surface zone of plasma-wave processes of interaction of an extra-large spacecraft, like ISS, with the ionosphere are necessary for both applied and fundamental geophysical studies. The electric and magnetic fields and currents measured at the surface of the ISS are determined by the parameters of the surrounding ionosphere plasma and the nature of the interaction of the materials on the surface with this medium. Key words: orbital space station, fundamental space research, ionosphere plasma, plasma-wave processes, electromagnetic fields and radiation, scientific instrument, space weather.

STUDYING OF SPACE WEATHER ELECTROMAGNETIC PARAMETERS OF IONOSPHERE IN «OBSTANOVKA 1-STEP» EXPERIMENT ON THE RUSSIAN SEGMENT OF THE ISS

The program and results of physical research in the international (5 countries) space experiment «The situation (1 stage)», conducted onboard the Russian segment of the International Space Station (ISS) in the period 27.02.2013 to 09.05.2015, is presented. The methods and scientific tasks of the experiment and the composition of the Plasma-wave complex based on the combined wave diagnostics method are described in detail, and designed to conduct geophysical studies through long-term monitoring measurements of the electromagnetic parameters of the ionosphere plasma and plasma-wave processes associated with the manifestation in the ionosphere of the solar-magnetosphere-ionosphere and ionosphere-atmosphere relationships, i. e., parameters of space weather. Studies in the near-surface zone of plasma-wave processes of interaction of an extra-large spacecraft, like ISS, with the ionosphere are necessary for both applied and fundamental geophysical studies. The electric and magnetic fields and currents measured at the surface of the ISS are determined by the parameters of the surrounding ionosphere plasma and the nature of the interaction of the materials on the surface with this medium. Key words: orbital space station, fundamental space research, ionosphere plasma, plasma-wave processes, electromagnetic fields and radiation, scientific instrument, space weather.