Introduction to this special section: Exploration geophysics in China

China ranks second and third in global oil and natural gas consumption, and fifth and sixth in global oil and natural gas production, respectively ( U.S. EIA, 2018 ). In the past 25 years, China's oil consumption has increased 3.5 times, and natural gas consumption is rising rapidly as well. China is increasing its investment in the petroleum industry, with a goal of significantly expanding domestic oil and gas production. Complex geology, rough surface conditions, and the need to explore deep targets, unconventional resources, and offshore reservoirs pose great challenges to geophysical exploration. Geophysical technologies in China thus have advanced significantly in data acquisition, processing, and interpretation. To demonstrate the development and applications of geophysical technologies in the exploration, development, and production of oil and gas resources, we invited academic and industry experts to present recent studies on exploration geophysics in China.

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Attempt to estimate historical methane emissions from the oil and natural gas sector

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-4469 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dieter Franke ◽

Andreas Bahr ◽

Johannes Gütschow ◽

Martin Blumenberg ◽

Stefan Ladage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Petroleum Industry ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Gas Production ◽

Oil And Gas Production ◽

Federal Institute ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Natural Oil ◽

Oil And Natural Gas

The worldwide operating petroleum industry is considered as one of the major contributors to global anthropogenic methane emissions. However, not only absolute numbers of methane emissions from oil and natural gas production and distribution vary greatly in different global inventories, also the relative contribution of the oil and the gas sector is under discussion. In different studies, the majority of methane emissions are assigned either to natural gas or to the oil sector. For the climate emission origins are of course irrelevant, however, for the climate budget of natural gas usage it is important to know which emissions are attributable to natural gas and what number is related to oil production with its associated natural gas.Here we use the Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources&#8217; (BGR) worldwide database on natural oil and gas production and consumption, dating back to 1900, and compare it to global bottom-up methane emission inventories. We will present and discuss several regression approaches that fit the global data reasonably well. In addition, methane emissions of country groups are compared to natural oil and gas production and consumption data. This study finds that the emission factors that relate to gas production released during oil and gas extraction likely vary over the time and across different production areas in the world.

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Natural Gas Consumption Forecasting Based on Combinatorial Optimization Model

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.174 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 596 ◽

pp. 174-178

Author(s):

Jun Qi Wang ◽

Lei Chen ◽

Li Li ◽

Yi Xu Wang

Keyword(s):

Combinatorial Optimization ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Gas Production ◽

Oil And Gas Development ◽

Gas Field ◽

Development Management ◽

Gas Consumption ◽

Natural Gas Consumption

As the estimating of natural gas consumption can provide a better guidance target to gas production and market development ,its accuracy is playing an extremely important role in both the reasonable programming of oil and gas field development management and the promotion of economic benefits. This article builds a mathematical model of combinatorial optimization based on the natural gas consumption data of China, and solves it then by means of MATLAB .Compared with the actual value, the deviation of the combinatorial optimization worked out less than that in the single calculating method. When applied to the real production, this model can provide theoretical evidence to the programming of oil and gas development management and the adjustment of development project as well.

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Probing the Energy-Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Oil and Natural Gas Consumption Models Considering Urbanization and Financial Development in Middle East Countries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14113178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3178

Author(s):

Haider Mahmood ◽

Nabil Maalel ◽

Muhammad Shahid Hassan

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Oil Consumption ◽

Long Run ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Short Run ◽

Oil And Natural Gas ◽

Gas Consumption ◽

Natural Gas Consumption ◽

Positive Effect

Economic growth, urbanization, and financial market development (FMD) may increase energy demand in any economy. Non-renewable sources of energy consumption, i.e., oil consumption and natural gas consumption (NGC), could have environmental consequences. We examine the effects of economic growth, urbanization, and FMD on the oil consumption and NGC in Middle East countries using the period 1975–2019. In the panel results, we found a positive effect of income and a negative effect of income-squared on oil and natural gas consumption. Hence, we corroborate the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in oil and natural gas consumption models of the Middle East region. Urbanization has a positive effect on oil and natural gas consumption. FMD has a positive effect on oil consumption and has a negative effect on NGC. From the long-run, country-specific results, we validate the existence of the EKC hypothesis in the oil consumption models of Iran and Iraq. The EKC is also found in the natural gas consumption models of Iran, Kuwait, and the UAE. From the short-run results, the EKC hypothesis is validated in the oil consumption models of Iran, Iraq, and Israel. The EKC is also corroborated in the NGC models of Iran, Kuwait, and the UAE. In the long run, urbanization has a positive effect on oil consumption in Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. Further, urbanization has a positive effect on the NGC in Iraq, Israel, and Saudi Arabia. Conversely, urbanization has a negative effect on oil consumption in Israel. In the short run, urbanization has a positive effect on oil consumption in Iraq, Israel, Kuwait, and Qatar. Moreover, urbanization has a positive effect on the NGC in Iraq. On the other hand, urbanization has a negative effect on oil consumption in Saudi Arabia and Iran. In the long run, FMD has a positive effect on oil consumption in Saudi Arabia and Israel. In the short run, FMD has a positive effect on oil consumption in Israel, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. In contrast, FMD has a negative effect on oil consumption in the UAE. Moreover, a positive effect of FMD on NGC is found in the UAE. However, FMD has a negative effect on the NGC in Israel.

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Daily Satellite Observations of Methane from Oil and Gas Production Regions in the United States

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-11404 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pieternel Levelt ◽

Pepijn Veefkind ◽

Esther Roosenbrand ◽

John Lin ◽

Jochen Landgraf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

The United States ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Gas Production ◽

Oil And Gas Production ◽

Natural Gas Production ◽

Oil And Natural Gas

Production of oil and natural gas in North America is at an all-time high due to the development and use of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Methane emissions associated with this industrial activity are a concern because of the contribution to climate radiative forcing. We present new measurements from the space-based TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) launched in 2017 that show methane enhancements over production regions in the United States. Using methane and NO2 column measurements from the new TROPOMI instrument, we show that emissions from oil and gas production in the Uintah and Permian Basins can be observed in the data from individual overpasses. This is a vast improvement over measurements from previous satellite instruments, which typically needed to be averaged over a year or more to quantify trends and regional enhancements in methane emissions. In the Uintah Basin in Utah, TROPOMI methane columns correlated with in-situ measurements, and the highest columns were observed over the deepest parts of the basin, consistent with the accumulation of emissions underneath inversions. In the Permian Basin in Texas and New Mexico, methane columns showed maxima over regions with the highest natural gas production and were correlated with nitrogen-dioxide columns at a ratio that is consistent with results from in-situ airborne measurements. The improved detail provided by TROPOMI will likely enable the timely monitoring from space of methane and NO2 emissions associated with regular oil and natural gas production.

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NOx emissions from U.S. oil and gas production using TROPOMI NO2 and the divergence method

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13554 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Barbara Dix ◽

Colby Francoeur ◽

Brian McDonald ◽

Raquel Serrano ◽

Pepijn Veefkind ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Ground Level ◽

Gas Production ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Permian Basin ◽

Oil And Gas Production ◽

Horizontal Drilling ◽

Surface Measurements ◽

Oil And Natural Gas

The development of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing has led to a steep increase in the U.S. production of natural gas and crude oil from shale formations since the mid 2000s. Associated with this industrial activity are emissions of ground-level ozone precursors such as nitrogen oxides (NOx). Satellite data are important in this context, because surface measurements are limited or non-existent in rural regions, where most U.S. oil and gas production operations take place. Here we use TROPOMI NO2 observations to study NOx emissions coming from oil and natural gas production sites. Applying the divergence method we quantify basin wide emissions from well pad fields and aim to push spatial and temporal resolution of this technique. The divergence was method introduced by Beirle et al. (Science Advances 2019) to quantify point source emissions. It relies on calculating the divergence of the NO2 flux to derive NOx sources and estimating the NO2 lifetime to quantify sinks. Our analysis will include an assessment of different methods to constrain the NO2 lifetime, which becomes particularly important when applying this method to larger areas. Further we will compare our results with bottom-up derived emissions. Here we use the Fuel-based Oil & Gas (FOG) inventory that calculates NOx emissions based on fuel consumption. Initial results show good agreement for the Permian Basin (NM, TX) and we will expand our analysis to other U.S. basins.

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