scholarly journals Differences between psychopathy and other personality disorders: evidence from neuroimaging

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagari Sarkar ◽  
Ben S. Clark ◽  
Quinton Deeley
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cluster B Personality Disorders ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
And Function ◽  
Limbic Regions

SummaryICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR diagnostic guidelines do not list psychopathy as a distinct psychiatric entity. However, there are significant overlaps between psychopathy and DSM-IV-TR Cluster B personality disorders. Neuroimaging studies implicate deficits in structure and function of frontal and limbic regions in this group of personality disorders, while highlighting both distinctions and overlaps between syndromes. Here, these data are reviewed and implications for diagnosis and clinical practice are discussed.

Diagnosis and classification of personality disorders

2012 ◽  
pp. 855-860
Author(s):  
James Reich ◽  
Giovanni de Girolamo
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Different Cultures

There has been considerable interest in the study of personality and personality disorder (PD) since early times and in many different cultures. This chapter covers definitions of personality disorders, ICD and DSM classifications of personality disorders, similarities and differences between ICD-10 and DSM-IV, recent changes in the conceptualization of DSM personality disorders, categorical versus dimensional styles of classification, and assessment methods for personality disorders.

scholarly journals Hope: Concerning structure and function

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMON WEIN
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
And Function ◽  
Unproven Therapies

There is little convincing agreement in the literature on the definition, measurement, and application of hope. The usual platitude—where there's life, there's hope—does not clarify the confusion, and clinical practice puts paid to a simplistic approach to hope.A 28 year-old man with widespread melanoma is hoping the doctor will offer him a new treatment. He hopes he will marry and have a family. The hopes to us are unrealistic—but for him they are tangible, the stuff of life, the dreams that keep him going. What should clinicians do with this man's hopes? Should we support him medically, for the sake of hope? Does hoping prolong life against death? Should we encourage unproven therapies as elixirs of hope? When hope clashes with reality and causes angst, is it better to jettison hope, or reality? What does acceptance of death mean in terms of hope? What can it mean to live without hope?

Use of the TAT in the Assessment of DSM-IV Cluster B Personality Disorders

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Ackerman ◽  
Amanda J. Clemence ◽  
Robin Weatherill ◽  
Mark J. Hilsenroth
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Cluster B Personality Disorders ◽  
Dsm Iv

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of personality disorders in a community sample

2002 ◽  
Vol 180 (06) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Samuels ◽  
William W. Eaton ◽  
O. Joseph Bienvenu ◽  
Clayton H. Brown ◽  
Paul T. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Never Married ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Demographic Subgroups

Background Knowledge of the prevalence and correlates of personality disorders in the community is important for identifying treatment needs and for provision of psychiatric services. Aims To estimate the prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample and to identify demographic subgroups with especially high prevalence. Method Clinical psychologists used the International Personality Disorder Examination to assess DSM-IV and ICD-10 personality disorders in a sample of 742 subjects, ages 34–94 years, residing in Baltimore, Maryland. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between demographic characteristics and DSM - IV personality disorder clusters. Results The estimated overall prevalence of DSM - IV personality disorders was 9%. Cluster A disorders were most prevalent in men who had never married. Cluster B disorders were most prevalent in young men without a high school degree, and cluster C disorders in high school graduates who had never married. Conclusions Approximately 9% of this community sample has a DSM-IV personality disorder. Personality disorders are over-represented in certain demographic subgroups of the community

scholarly journals En innføring i depresjonsvurdering med PHQ-9

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Formo Langkaas ◽  
Even Rognan ◽  
Sverre Urnes Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Cutoff Scores

Assessment of depression is a routine task in clinical practice in Norway. National guidelines (Helsedirektoratet, 2009) recommend the use of measurement instruments in assessment of depression. PHQ-9 is widely used in research and practice. The official PHQ-9 manual provides practical guidance on interpreting test results with the use of clinical cutoff scores and a diagnostic algorithm for DSM-IV. With background from clinical practice and research, we summarize and provide guidance on the practical use of PHQ-9 beyond what the official PHQ-9 manual offers, applied to a Norwegian context. We provide a general introduction to diagnostic assessment of depression and the limited role of measurement instruments in such assessments. We describe how the original diagnostic algorithm can be adapted to ICD-10 criteria, we describe how to apply clinical significance to use PHQ-9 as a feedback instrument to monitor treatment progress, and we describe how to interpret results with missing answers. Finally, we discuss the shortcomings of relying on measurement instruments in assessment of depression and conclude that PHQ-9 is better suited in ordinary practice than other instruments recommended in the national guidelines.

Cognitive Neuroscience Approaches to Personality Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Poppe ◽  
Angus W. MacDonald III
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Behavior

This chapter describes a cognitive neuroscience approach to understanding the psychological and neural processes that underlie personality and behavior. It explicates the utility of the cognitive neuroscience approach and the fundamental principles of the methods and how to interpret the findings. The chapter reviews the different neuroimaging tools and approaches that can be used to investigate brain structure and function. In doing so, it provides detailed information about what each method measures and how issues to consider when evaluating these measurements and their functional significance. The chapter provides the reader an appreciation of how understanding brain structure and function in vivo can serve as a bridge between molecular/genetic and symptom-based data to enrich the pathophysiology of personality disorders.

scholarly journals Neuroimaging in psychiatry: bringing neuroscience into clinical practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Function

SummaryThe past 20 years have seen a remarkable development of neuroimaging methodologies that allow fine-tuned examination of abnormalities in the structure and function of neural circuitry, supporting cognition and emotion in individuals with psychiatric disorders. This editorial highlights the potential of neuroimaging to address major challenges in psychiatric clinical practice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document