scholarly journals Autism spectrum disorder in adults: clinical features and the role of the psychiatrist

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqui Garland ◽  
Linda O'Rourke ◽  
Dene Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
The Core ◽  
Practice Review ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Adults With Asd

SummaryAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are lifelong conditions. Although not all adults with ASD require psychiatric input, general adult psychiatrists increasingly find themselves responsible for the care of adults with the disorder. This may present a new and unique challenge to them. Here, we summarise the core clinical features of ASD; discuss appropriate diagnostic practice; review the principles of management; and identify key educational, social care and voluntary services for adults with ASD in the UK.

scholarly journals Sensory Overresponsivity, Loneliness, and Anxiety in Taiwanese Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Cing Syu ◽  
Ling-Yi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adults With Asd ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. Sensory overresponsiveness is highly prevalent in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically persist into adulthood. However, the role of sensory processing difficulties in influencing emotional well-being among adults with ASD remains unclear. Additionally, the associations between sensory overresponsiveness, anxiety, and loneliness are yet to be examined among adults with ASD. Therefore, to address these critical gaps in the literature, we aimed to investigate the relationships among sensory avoiding, anxiety, and loneliness in a sample of adults with ASD. Participants. Seventy adults (age, 20–39 years) completed three self-reported measures. All participants had a documented diagnosis of ASD and had normal IQ. Methods. Sensory processing, loneliness, and anxiety were assessed with the Adult Sensory Profile, short-form UCLA loneliness scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Results. Autism spectrum traits and sensory avoiding were associated with anxiety and loneliness. Participants who experienced sensory avoiding more frequently reported higher anxiety and feelings of loneliness, with loneliness mediating the relationship between sensory avoiding and anxiety. More anxiety symptoms in participants with greater sensory avoiding were associated with their higher level of loneliness. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that the relationships existed between sensory processing difficulties, loneliness, and anxiety among adults with ASD. Interventions regarding sensory processing difficulties and emotional well-being are substantial need for adults with ASD, and our results highlight the importance of sensory overresponsiveness and anxiety in evaluating and improving the psychological well-being of adults with ASD.

Disorder-specific alterations of tactile sensitivity in neurodevelopmental disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason He ◽  
Ericka Wodka ◽  
Mark Tommerdahl ◽  
Richard Edden ◽  
Mark Mikkelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Core ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Tactile Detection ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sensory Processes ◽  
Core Symptoms

Alterations of tactile processing have long been identified in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the extent to which these alterations are disorder-specific, rather than disorder-general, and how they relate to the core symptoms of each disorder, remains unclear. We measured and compared tactile detection, discrimination and order judgment thresholds between a large sample of children with ASD, ADHD, ASD + ADHD combined and typically developing controls. The pattern of results suggested that while difficulties with tactile detection and order judgement were more common in children with ADHD, difficulties with tactile discrimination were more common in children with ASD. Strikingly, subsequent correlation analyses found that the disorder-specific alterations suggested by the group comparisons were also exclusively related to the core symptoms of each respective disorder. These results suggest that disorder-specific alterations of lower-level sensory processes exist and are specifically related to higher-level clinical symptoms of each disorder.

Critical role of dysfunctional mitochondria and defective mitophagy in autism spectrum disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Yuan-Mei Wang ◽  
Ming-Yue Qiu ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Huang Tang ◽  
Hong-Feng Gu
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals The value of psychiatrists in leadership and management

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Perry ◽  
Fiona L. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Social Care ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Management Styles ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Medical Leadership ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Organisational Level

SummaryThe health and social care landscape in the UK is changing, and there is now, more than ever, a real need for doctors to embrace leadership and management. Evidence shows that medical leadership is associated with better outcomes for patients. Psychiatrists are particularly well suited to such roles, given the interpersonal skills and self-awareness that they develop in their training. In this article, we examine the role of the psychiatrist in leading at a patient, team and organisational level and the impact this has. We also discuss different leadership and management styles.

scholarly journals Mutation analysis of the NRXN1 gene in autism spectrum disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Onay ◽  
D Kacamak ◽  
AN Kavasoglu ◽  
B Akgun ◽  
M Yalcinli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Syndromic Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Reduced Penetrance

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the sequence mutations in the Neurexin 1 (NRXN1) gene that has been considered as one of the strong candidate genes. A total of 30 children and adolescents (aged 3-18) with non syndromic autism were enrolled this study. Sequencing of the coding exons and the exon-intron boundaries of the NRXN1 gene was performed. Two known mutations were described in two different cases. Heterozygous S14L was determined in one patient and heterozygous L748I was determined in another patient. The S14L and L748I mutations have been described in the patients with autism before. Both of these mutations were inherited from their father. In this study, two of 30 (6.7%) autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients carrying NRXN1 gene mutations were detected. It indicates that variants in the NRXN1 gene might confer a risk of developing nonsyndromic ASD. However, due to the reduced penetrance in the gene, the causal role of the NRXN1 gene mutations must be evaluated carefully in all cases.

Comparing psychopathology rates across autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn Matthews ◽  
Elliot Bell ◽  
Brigit Mirfin-Veitch
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adults With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adults With Asd ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare the rates and patterns of comorbid anxiety, depression and ADHD across people with: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) plus intellectual disability (ID), ASD/no ID (AS/HFA) and ID only. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained using structured file review and two psychometric screening instruments. File reviews used a modified version of the Case Review Protocol from the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for Use with Adults with Learning Disabilities. Screening employed the Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behaviour and the ASD-Comorbidity-Adults scale. Findings Levels of anxiety, depression and ADHD were high for all three groups, and greater than in general population studies. Between groups, the AS/HFA sample had significantly higher anxiety, while the ASD/ID group had significantly greater ADHD. Groups did not differ on measures of depression or total psychopathology. Levels of ADHD, but not anxiety or depression, increased with severity of ID and ASD symptoms. Research limitations/implications More research is needed on the relationship between ASD and both anxiety and ADHD, particularly the identification of these comorbid conditions and their treatment. Practical implications Rigorous screening for comorbid mental health conditions is required to achieve the best outcomes for adults with ASD. Originality/value The study used a broader community-based sample than previous comorbidity research. Including adults with ID but without ASD enabled a comparison of types and rates of disorder across three distinct but related groups with neurodevelopmental disorders.

scholarly journals The role of genetic factors and pre- and peri-natal influences in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders – indications for genetic referral

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Rybakowski ◽  
Izabela Chojnicka ◽  
Piotr Dziechciarz ◽  
Andrea Horvath ◽  
Małgorzata Janas-Kozik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders
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