The Scottish First Episode Schizophrenia Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin G. McCreadie ◽  
David H. Wiles ◽  
Martin G. Livingston ◽  
James A. G. Watt ◽  
J. G. Greene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Antipsychotic Drug ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
First Admission

Forty-four schizophrenic patients were followed up for five years after their first admission to hospital for a first episode of illness. Thirteen (30%) of 43 patients had not relapsed; 28 of the 30 patients who did relapse did so within the first 42 months. The relapses occurred despite antipsychotic drug therapy. Also, 24% of patients had at least one course of ECT. Only 19% of the patients at five years were in open employment; unemployment was strongly associated with relapse. Eighteen per cent had neither relapses nor schizophrenic symptoms at follow-up. Poor outcome at five years was associated with greater psychological distress among relatives at first admission. At five years 43% of relatives continued to show case level psychological stress.

The Scottish First Episode Schizophrenia Study V. One-year Follow-up

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin G. McCreadie ◽  
David H. Wiles ◽  
Stewart M. Grant ◽  
John W. Moore ◽  
George T. Crocket ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychometric Assessment ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Flupenthixol Decanoate ◽  
First Admission

Of 49 schizophrenic patients followed up 12 months after their first admission to hospital, only about 45% had experienced no relapse and had no schizophrenic symptoms; a poorer outcome was more often found in Feighner positive than Feighner negative schizophrenic patients. The patients' overall level of unemployment had more than doubled to 51%. In patients whose acute episodes responded to treatment, pimozide taken once weekly as maintenance therapy was as effective as intramuscular flupenthixol decanoate, but tardive dyskinesia appeared in two patients receiving weekly pimozide; the repeat psychometric assessment at 12 months found modest improvements, i.e. no evidence of intellectual decline, in Matrices, Block Design, and Digit Copying tests. Forty per cent of relatives still showed significant psychological distress, which correlated with patients' schizophrenic symptoms, and the relatives' social functioning remained poorer than that of a normal community sample.

Outcome of Schizophrenia: The Madras Longitudinal Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rangaswamy Thara ◽  
William W. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Poor Clinical Outcome ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Steep Decline ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Social Demographic

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the clinical outcome in a group of first-episode schizophrenic patients on a 10-year follow-up. The social, demographic and clinical variables associated with poor outcome and gender differences in outcome were other issues addressed. Method: Ninety patients fulfilling Feighner's and ICD-9 criteria for schizophrenia, at Madras, India, were included for a 10-year follow-up. The Present State Examination and the Psychiatric and Personal schedule were administered at intake and at the end of every year. Clinical outcome was considered as a combination of the pattern of course and the presence of positive symptoms during year 10. Results: After 10 years, 76 of the 90 patients included were followed up, giving a follow-up rate of 84%. The clinical outcome was good in nearly 75% of the patients with almost all symptoms showing a steep decline at the end of 10 years. Fifty-nine subjects were asymptomatic at the end of the follow-up period and 12 were ill during the entire 10th year. Sexual, religious and grandiose delusions and flat affect at inclusion predicted a poor clinical outcome. More males had a poor outcome and spent a longer time in a psychotic state. Conclusions: There is evidence of a good outcome in the majority of first-episode schizophrenic patients after 10 years in keeping with other reports from developing countries. Certain variables at inclusion predicted a poor clinical outcome and males had a poorer outcome than females.

Neurological soft signs and their relationship to 1-year outcome in first-episode schizophrenia

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Prikryl ◽  
Eva Ceskova ◽  
Tomas Kasparek ◽  
Hana Kucerova
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Stability ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Index Hospitalization ◽  
Neurological Soft Signs ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Status ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the relationship between the severity of neurological soft signs at onset and at the 1-year follow-up of patients with schizophrenia, and to investigate temporal stability of neurological soft signs within 1 year from the onset of the first episode schizophrenia.MethodsThe study included 92 first-episode male schizophrenic patients. Neurological soft signs were assessed on the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES) during index hospitalization and at a 1-year follow-up. The patients were divided into remitters and non-remitters according to their psychiatric status assessed at the 1-year follow-up, using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).ResultsA trend for a lower score for the NES item “others” in late remitters versus non-remitters at baseline was found during index hospitalization. At the 1-year follow-up, the overall severity of the neurological soft signs was statistically significantly higher in non-remitters than in remitters. Within 1 year after index hospitalization, a significant reduction of neurological soft signs, with the exception of sensory integration, occurred in remitters. Within 1 year after index hospitalization, the non-remitters reported a significant reduction of the overall NES score.ConclusionThese findings in a population of patients with first episode schizophrenia are in accord with the findings of previous studies which found an association between neurological soft signs, treatment response and outcome. This association may characterize a subgroup of patients with a poor course of illness and outcome. Neurological soft signs might be regarded as one of the indicators of treatment outcome in patients suffering from their first episode of schizophrenia.

Predictors of outcome in first-episode schizophrenia over the first 4 years of illness

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Whitty ◽  
M. Clarke ◽  
O. McTigue ◽  
S. Browne ◽  
M. Kamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Global Assessment Of Functioning ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

BackgroundThe outcome of schizophrenia appears to be more favourable than once thought. However, methodological issues, including the reliance on diagnosis at first presentation have limited the validity of outcome studies to date.MethodWe conducted a first-episode follow-up study of 97 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia over the first 4 years of illness. First presentation and follow-up assessments were compared using paired t tests and a forced-entry regression analysis was used to determine prognostic variables.ResultsThere were significant improvements in positive and negative symptoms and global assessment of functioning between first presentation and follow-up. At first presentation, fewer negative symptoms (t=−3.40, p<0.01), more years spent in education (t=3.25, p<0.01), and a shorter duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) (t=−2.77, p<0.01) significantly predicted a better outcome at follow-up.ConclusionsThe outcome of schizophrenia may not be as pessimistic as once thought and most patients did not display a downward deteriorating course of illness. This study supports the relationship between DUP and outcome beyond the early stages of illness.

scholarly journals The Side Effect of Haloperidol in Schizophrenic Patients: Analysis of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) Values

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Andi Jayalangkara Tanra ◽  
Hawaidah Hawaidah ◽  
Yazzit Mahri ◽  
Saidah Syamsuddin ◽  
Andi Nilawati Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effect ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Haloperidol Treatment ◽  
Analytic Design ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Haloperidol Group

INTRODUCTION: Like the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress as schizophrenia pathophysiology, haloperidol also increases RDW and MPV values. Both of these values ​​have been clinicians concern because they are a risk factor for the various type of vascular disease. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the side effect of haloperidol on RDW and MPV values in schizophrenic patients. METHODS: This research method uses observational analytic design with a prospective cohort approach with pre and posts analysis conducted at the Regional Special Hospital of South Sulawesi Province during May - July 2018 in 30 schizophrenic subjects. The subjects were diagnosed as first episode schizophrenia based on ICD 10, blood samples were taken, for RDW and MPV values ​​before and after haloperidol was given at the 4th and 8th weeks. RESULTS: The results showed that the mean RDW value at the 4th week was higher in 15 mg/day haloperidol group (15.8) compared to 7.5 mg/day haloperidol group (15.3) with p&lt;0.05. Mean RDW value taken at 8th week was higher in 15 mg/day haloperidol group (16.4) compared to 7.5 mg/day haloperidol group (15.6) with p&lt;0.001. Mean MPV value taken at 8th week was higher in 15 mg/day haloperidol group (13.3) compared to 7.5 mg/day haloperidol group (11.6) with p&lt;0.001. CONCLUSION: This study showed an increase in the RDW value in schizophrenia subjects prior to the haloperidol administration. RDW ​​and MPV values were higher after haloperidol treatment compares to before haloperidol treatment. The increase of RDW and MPV values tend to be influenced by haloperidol dosage and administration duration.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of gene expression in first-episode schizophrenia; exploring relapse mechanisms by co-expression analysis in peripheral blood

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gassó ◽  
N. Rodríguez ◽  
A. Martínez-Pinteño ◽  
G. Mezquida ◽  
M. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
Relapse Prediction ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

AbstractLittle is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms of relapse in first-episode schizophrenia, which limits the study of potential biomarkers. To explore relapse mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers for relapse prediction, we analyzed gene expression in peripheral blood in a cohort of first-episode schizophrenia patients with less than 5 years of evolution who had been evaluated over a 3-year follow-up period. A total of 91 participants of the 2EPs project formed the sample for baseline gene expression analysis. Of these, 67 provided biological samples at follow-up (36 after 3 years and 31 at relapse). Gene expression was assessed using the Clariom S Human Array. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was applied to identify modules of co-expressed genes and to analyze their preservation after 3 years of follow-up or at relapse. Among the 25 modules identified, one module was semi-conserved at relapse (DarkTurquoise) and was enriched with risk genes for schizophrenia, showing a dysregulation of the TCF4 gene network in the module. Two modules were semi-conserved both at relapse and after 3 years of follow-up (DarkRed and DarkGrey) and were found to be biologically associated with protein modification and protein location processes. Higher expression of DarkRed genes was associated with higher risk of suffering a relapse and early appearance of relapse (p = 0.045). Our findings suggest that a dysregulation of the TCF4 network could be an important step in the biological process that leads to relapse and suggest that genes related to the ubiquitin proteosome system could be potential biomarkers of relapse.

scholarly journals Predictors of Remission and Recovery in a First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Sample: 2-Year Follow-up of the OPUS Trial

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 660-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lone Petersen ◽  
Anne Thorup ◽  
Johan Øqhlenschlæger ◽  
Torben Øqstergaard Christensen ◽  
Pia Jeppesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Premorbid Adjustment ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Objective: To examine the frequency and predictors of good outcome for patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Method: We conducted a 2-year follow-up of a cohort of patients ( n = 547) with first-episode SSD. We evaluated the patients on demographic variables, diagnosis, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), premorbid functioning, psychotic and negative symptoms, substance abuse, adherence to medication, and service use. ORs were calculated with logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 369 patients (67%) participated in the follow-up interview. After 2 years, 36% remitted and 17% were considered fully recovered. Full recovery was associated with shorter DUP, better premorbid adjustment, fewer negative symptoms at baseline, no substance abuse at baseline, and adherence to medication and OPUS treatment. Conclusions: Several predictive factors were identified, and focus should be on potentially malleable predictors of outcome, for example, reducing DUP and paying special attention to patients who are unlikely to achieve good outcome, for example, patients with a substance abuse problem and poor premorbid adjustment.

scholarly journals Neurocognition and social cognition in remitted first-episode schizophrenia: correlation with VEGF serum levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqin Zhao ◽  
Wenhuan Xiao ◽  
Kuanyu Chen ◽  
Qiongqiong Zhan ◽  
Fei Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence suggests that serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in many neurobiological processes potentially contributes to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, particularly cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in neurocognition, social cognition and VEGF among remitted first-episode schizophrenic patients, non-remitters and normal control subjects. Moreover, we investigated the association between serum VEGF levels and cognitive functions. Method 65 remission (RS) and 45 nonremission patients (NRS) after first-episode schizophrenia, as well as 58 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. Social cognition was assessed using the Chinese Facial Emotion Test (CFET); neurocognition was measured with a test battery consisting of Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Verbal Fluency Test, Trail Making Tests, Digit Span Tests (DST) and Stroop Tests. Blood samples were collected for VEGF measurements. Data was analyzed with SPSS 22.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). Results On nearly all neurocognitive tests (except for DST), RS performed significantly worse than HC but better than NRS (P < 0.05). NRS, but not RS, exhibited markedly poorer social cognition than HC (except for Happiness and Surprise subscales of the CFET) (P < 0.05). VEGF levels showed a gradient change among three groups (HC > RS > NRS). Conclusion Compared to HC, RS demonstrated poorer neurocognitive but intact social cognition functioning. These results indicate that VEGF levels decreased gradually with the severity of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. VEGF may be involved in the pathological mechanism of cognitive performance in RS.

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