scholarly journals Prevalence of common mental disorders and treatment receipt for people from ethnic minority backgrounds in England: repeated cross-sectional surveys of the general population in 2007 and 2014

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gargie Ahmad ◽  
Sally McManus ◽  
Claudia Cooper ◽  
Stephani L. Hatch ◽  
Jayati Das-Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
Over Time

Background Concerns persist that some ethnic minority groups experience longstanding mental health inequalities in England. It is unclear if these have changed over time. Aims To assess the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs) and treatment receipt by ethnicity, and changes over time, using data from the nationally representative probability sample in the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys. Method We used survey data from 2007 (n = 7187) and 2014 (n = 7413). A Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised score of ≥12 indicated presence of a CMD. Treatment receipt included current antidepressant use; any counselling or therapy; seeing a general practitioner about mental health; or seeing a community psychiatrist, psychologist or psychiatric nurse, in the past 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression assessed CMD prevalence and treatment receipt by ethnicity. Results CMD prevalence was highest in the Black group; ethnic variation was explained by demographic and socioeconomic factors. After adjustment for these factors and CMDs, odds ratios for treatment receipt were lower for the Asian (0.62, 95% CI 0.39−1.00) and White Other (0.58, 95% CI 0.38–0.87) groups in 2014, compared with the White British group; for the Black group, this inequality appeared to be widening over time (2007 treatment receipt odds ratio 0.68, 95% CI 0.38−1.23; 2014 treatment receipt odds ratio 0.23, 95% CI 0.13−0.40; survey year interaction P < 0.0001). Conclusions Treatment receipt was lower for all ethnic minority groups compared with the White British group, and lowest among Black people, for whom inequalities appear to be widening over time. Addressing socioeconomic inequality could reduce ethnic inequalities in mental health problems, but this does not explain pronounced treatment inequalities.

Psychiatry of old age and ethnic minority older people in the United Kingdom

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Shah
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Older People ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
The United Kingdom

SummaryThis review examines the demographic changes, the epidemiology of mental disorders and suicides, the potential risk and protective factors, access to secondary care old age psychiatry services (OAPSs) and the policy context pertaining to older people from ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom. The number of older people from ethnic minority groups is increasing. The prevalence of mental disorders in older people from ethnic minority groups is either similar to or higher than that in the indigenous population. Therefore, the number of older people from ethnic minority groups with psychiatric morbidity is also increasing. Ethnic minority older people also have inequity of access to secondary care OAPSs. There is an urgent need to develop and implement practical strategies to improve access by older people from ethnic minority groups to OAPSs.

scholarly journals Community-centred interventions for improving public mental health among adults from ethnic minority populations in the UK: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e041102
Author(s):  
Cleo Baskin ◽  
Geiske Zijlstra ◽  
Mike McGrath ◽  
Caroline Lee ◽  
Fiona Helen Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minority Populations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Intervention Description

ObjectivesUndertake a scoping review to determine the effectiveness of community-centred interventions designed to improve the mental health and well-being of adults from ethnic minority groups in the UK.MethodsWe searched six electronic academic databases for studies published between January 1990 and September 2019: Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, Scopus, CINAHL and Cochrane. For intervention description and data extraction we used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and Template for Intervention Description and Replication guide. Quality was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tools. Grey literature results were deemed beyond the scope of this review due to the large number of interventions and lack of available outcomes data.ResultsOf 4501 studies, 7 met the eligibility criteria of UK-based community interventions targeting mental health in adults from ethnic minority populations: four randomised controlled trials, one pre/post-pilot study, one cross-sectional study and one ethnographic study. Interventions included therapy-style sessions, peer-support groups, educational materials, gym access and a family services programme. Common components included a focus on tackling social isolation, using lay health workers from within the community, signposting and overcoming structural barriers to access. Four studies reported a statistically significant positive effect on mental health outcomes and six were appraised as having a high risk of bias. Study populations were ethnically heterogeneous and targeted people mainly from South Asia. No studies examined interventions targeting men.ConclusionsThere is a paucity of high-quality evidence regarding community-centred interventions focused on improving public mental health among ethnic minority groups. Decision makers need scientific evidence to inform effective approaches to mitigating health disparities. Our next steps are to map promising community activities and interventions that are currently being provided to help identify emerging evidence.

scholarly journals Paid employment and common mental disorders in 50–64-year olds: analysis of three cross-sectional nationally representative survey samples in 1993, 2000 and 2007

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
G. Perera ◽  
G. Di Gessa ◽  
L. M. Corna ◽  
K. Glaser ◽  
R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Over Time

Aims.Associations between employment status and mental health are well recognised, but evidence is sparse on the relationship between paid employment and mental health in the years running up to statutory retirement ages using robust mental health measures. In addition, there has been no investigation into the stability over time in this relationship: an important consideration if survey findings are used to inform future policy. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between employment status and common mental disorder (CMD) in 50–64-year old residents in England and its stability over time, taking advantage of three national mental health surveys carried out over a 14-year period.Methods.Data were analysed from the British National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity of 1993, 2000 and 2007. Paid employment status was the primary exposure of interest and CMD the primary outcome – both ascertained identically in all three surveys (CMD from the revised Clinical Interview Schedule). Multivariable logistic regression models were used.Results.The prevalence of CMD was higher in people not in paid employment across all survey years; however, this association was only present for non-employment related to poor health as an outcome and was not apparent in those citing other reasons for non-employment. Odds ratios for the association between non-employment due to ill health and CMD were 3.05 in 1993, 3.56 in 2000, and 2.80 in 2007, after adjustment for age, gender, marital status, education, social class, housing tenure, financial difficulties, smoking status, recent physical health consultation and activities of daily living impairment.Conclusions.The prevalence of CMD was higher in people not in paid employment for health reasons, but was not associated with non-employment for other reasons. Associations had been relatively stable in strength from 1993 to 2007 in those three cross-sectional nationally representative samples.

scholarly journals Mental well-being of patients from ethnic minority groups during critical care: a qualitative ethnographic study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e014075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Lima Van Keer ◽  
Reginald Deschepper ◽  
Luc Huyghens ◽  
Johan Bilsen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Mental Well Being

ObjectivesTo investigate the state of the mental well-being of patients from ethnic minority groups and possible related risk factors for the development of mental health problems among these patients during critical medical situations in hospital.DesignQualitative ethnographic design.SettingOneintensive care unit (ICU) of a multiethnic urban hospital in Belgium.Participants84 ICU staff members, 10 patients from ethnic-minority groups and their visiting family members.ResultsPatients had several human basic needs for which they could not sufficiently turn to anybody, neither to their healthcare professionals, nor to their relatives nor to other patients. These needs included the need for social contact, the need to increase comfort and alleviate pain, the need to express desperation and participate in end-of-life decision making. Three interrelated risk factors for the development of mental health problems among the patients included were identified: First, healthcare professionals’ mainly biomedical care approach (eg, focus on curing the patient, limited psychosocial support), second, the ICU context (eg, time pressure, uncertainty, regulatory frameworks) and third, patients’ different ethnocultural background (eg, religious and phenotypical differences).ConclusionsThe mental state of patients from ethnic minority groups during critical care is characterised by extreme emotional loneliness. It is important that staff should identify and meet patients’ unique basic needs in good time with regard to their mental well-being, taking into account important threats related to their own mainly biomedical approach to care, the ICU’s structural context as well as the patients’ different ethnocultural background.

Ethnic minority groups, learning disability and mental health

Psychiatry ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 405-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal Singh ◽  
Adedamola Orimalade
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups

scholarly journals Changes in ethnic spatial segregation across English housing market areas (2001-2011): identifying ethnic and context configurations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina V. Zuccotti
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
Over Time

Using a combination of segregation indices – calculated with aggregated census data obtained for small geographies (lower layer super output areas, LSOAs) – the paper shows levels and changes in spatial segregation in eight housing market areas (HMAs) in England between 2001 and 2011, for the six most numerous non-white ethnic minority groups (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese, Caribbean, and African). The double comparison between HMAs and between groups, together with the use of different measures of segregation, enables identifying different patterns of segregation, as well as ‘ethnic’ and ‘context’ configurations. Specifically, while some segregation patterns are distinctive to certain ethnic minority groups independently of their location, others are specific to some or most groups residing in certain contexts. As examples of the first, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis’ segregation levels are often the highest, independently of their HMA of residence; and also seem to be following specific (and contrasting) patterns of change over time. As regards context configurations, Birmingham appears as a favourable context for changes in spatial segregation, while the opposite is observed for Leicester and Bradford.

scholarly journals Psychoses sans Frontieres: towards an interdisciplinary understanding of psychosis risk amongst migrants and their descendants

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dykxhoorn ◽  
J. B. Kirkbride
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Psychosis Risk ◽  
Migrant Groups

AbstractUnderstanding the excess risk of psychotic disorders in migrant and ethnic minority groups has long been an important research focus in psychiatric epidemiology and public mental health. Heterogeneity between migrant groups based on the region of origin, minority status and other socioeconomic factors may provide clues as to the underlying aetiological mechanisms explaining this risk, as well as informing our general understanding of psychotic disorders. Nonetheless, disentangling the mechanisms underlying this association has been the focus of more speculation and theory to date than empirical research. Now more than ever, we need to move beyond studies which demonstrate excess rates in migrant and ethnic minority groups to novel population-based studies which identify the determinants and mechanisms through which this risk is shaped. In this paper, we review the main hypotheses proposed to explain these disparities and the current level of support for them. We then highlight recent evidence from epidemiology and neuroscience which provides important new clues in our understanding of the aetiology of psychotic disorders. We concluded with suggestions for future interdisciplinary research to prevent this public mental health inequality within a generation.

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