scholarly journals Neuropsychological performance at the age of 13 years and adult schizophreniform disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Cannon ◽  
Terrie E. Moffitt ◽  
Avshalom Caspi ◽  
Robin M. Murray ◽  
Honalee Harrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Schizophreniform Disorder ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Neuropsychological Impairments

SummaryWe examined neuropsychological functioning at age 13 years in adolescents who later developed schizophreniform disorder, compared with healthy controls and with adolescents diagnosed as having had a manic episode or depression or anxiety disorder. Participants were from an unselected birth cohort. Attentional, executive and motor impairments at age 13 were found in those who later fulfilled diagnostic criteria for schizophreniform disorder, suggesting that these impairments may be the earliest emerging neuropsychological impairments in schizophrenia-related disorders.

scholarly journals Mitral valve prolapse and anxiety disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaor S. Filho ◽  
Benedito C. Maciel ◽  
Minna M. D. Romano ◽  
Thiago F. Lascala ◽  
Clarissa Trzesniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mitral Valve Prolapse ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryWe investigated whether there is an association between anxiety disorders and mitral valve prolapse. We compared mitral valve prolapse prevalence in individuals with panic disorder (n = 41), social anxiety disorder (n = 89) and in healthy controls (n = 102) in an attempt to overcome the biases of previous studies. Our results show no associations between panic disorder or social anxiety disorder and mitral valve prolapse, regardless of the diagnostic criteria employed, and that the relationship between these conditions seems not to be clinically relevant.

Possible antidepressant/mania-inducing effects of methionine: a reappraisal of the effects of methionine in chronic psychosis using modern diagnostic criteria

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
J.F. Lipinski ◽  
R.C. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Chronic Psychosis

SummaryThe authors have reviewed 13 published studies on methionine administration, usually in combination with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), to chronically psychotic patients, using modern (DSM-III) diagnostic criteria. Four of these studies contained sufficient descriptive data to allow reappraisal of the effects. The results of the review suggest that a proportion of the patients experienced the induction of a manic episode/antidepressant effects rather than the reported worsening of schizophrenia while treated with a methionine-MAOI combination. It is suggested that these observations are consistent with recent findings that S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) has antidepressant and mania-inducing effects.

scholarly journals Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Very Young Children: First Case Reports on Stability and Developmental Considerations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Michael S. Scheeringa ◽  
Lauren C. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
First Case

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is purported to start in early childhood but concerns about attenuation of anxiety symptoms over time and the development of emerging cognitive and emotional processing capabilities pose multiple challenges for accurate detection. This paper presents the first known case reports of very young children with GAD to examine these developmental challenges at the item level. Three children, five-to-six years of age, were assessed with the Diagnostic Infant and Preschool Assessment twice in a test-retest reliability study. One case appeared to show attenuation of the worries during the test-retest period based on caregiver report but not when followed over two years. The other two cases showed stability of the full complement of diagnostic criteria. The cases were useful for demonstrating that the current diagnostic criteria appear adequate for this developmental period. The challenges of accurate assessment of young children that might cause missed diagnoses are discussed. Future research on the underlying dysregulation of negative emotionality and long-term follow-ups are needed to better understand the etiology, treatment, and course of GAD in this age group.

scholarly journals Broad cognitive complaints but subtle objective working memory impairment in fibromyalgia patients

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Pidal-Miranda ◽  
Alberto Jacobo González-Villar ◽  
María Teresa Carrillo-de-la-Peña ◽  
Elena Andrade ◽  
Dolores Rodríguez-Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Memory Functioning

BackgroundCognitive dysfunction in fibromyalgia (FM) encompasses objective cognitive difficulties, as measured in neuropsychological tests, and self-reported cognitive complaints. Although it has been suggested that FM patients display problems in working memory, the data are inconsistent, and the overall working memory status of the patients is unclear. It is also not clear whether the working memory problems are related to cognitive complaints or how the dyscognition is affected by the characteristic clinical symptoms of FM.MethodsTo clarify these aspects, we explored the neuropsychological performance for different components of working memory and the subjective self-perception of cognitive status in a sample of 38 women with FM. They were compared with a matched group of 32 healthy women.ResultsOur findings suggested that the FM patients do not differ from healthy controls in their overall working memory functioning. Only a poor performance was found in a single task of visuospatial working memory, mediated by the presence of depressive symptoms, fatigue and pain. The FM patients also displayed a higher level of perception of cognitive difficulties than healthy controls, and this difference was mediated by depression and fatigue. Furthermore, cognitive complaints in FM patients were only associated with a lower verbal WM capacity.DiscussionFM patients have a subtle specific impairment in their working memory functioning, as well as elevated concern about their cognitive status. These findings suggest a disconnection between neuropsychological performance and subjective complaints. In FM patients, clinical variables such as pain, fatigue, and depression play an important role in dyscognition, as assessed by both objective and subjective measures, and should be taken into account in future research.

Generalized anxiety disorder and depression: childhood risk factors in a birth cohort followed to age 32

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERRIE E. MOFFITT ◽  
AVSHALOM CASPI ◽  
HONALEE HARRINGTON ◽  
BARRY J. MILNE ◽  
MARIA MELCHIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Childhood Risk Factors

Neuropsychological correlates of adolescent substance abuse: Four-year outcomes

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN F. TAPERT ◽  
SANDRA A. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Withdrawal ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Drug Involvement ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
Neuropsychological Impairments ◽  
The Relationship

Alcohol and other drug use are common in youth, but neurocognitive sequelae are unclear. This study examines the relationship between neuropsychological functioning and protracted substance use in adolescence. One hundred fifteen adolescents, ages 13 to 19 years, were recruited from inpatient substance abuse treatment programs and followed for 4 years. Adolescents were administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and evaluated on substance use involvement during treatment, and at 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 4-year follow-up time points. Protracted substance abuse over the 4 years of follow-up was associated with significantly poorer subsequent functioning on tests of attention. In addition, alcohol and drug withdrawal accounted for significant variance in visuospatial functioning, above and beyond demographic, educational, and health variables in detoxified late adolescents and young adults. Results suggest that alcohol and drug withdrawal may be a more powerful marker of protracted neuropsychological impairments than other indices of youthful alcohol and drug involvement. (JINS, 1999, 5, 481–493.)

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Anxiety and Depression in Youth With Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia J Scott ◽  
Louise Sharpe ◽  
Max Loomes ◽  
Milena Gandy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide an estimate of the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in youth with epilepsy (YWE). It also aimed to calculate the overall magnitude of observed differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms reported by YWE compared with healthy controls and investigate whether any factors moderated anxiety and depression outcomes in YWE. Methods Following prospective registration, electronic databases were searched up until October 2018. Studies were included if they reported on the rate of anxiety or depression in samples of YWE, and/or if they used valid measures of anxious or depressive symptomatology in YWE compared with a healthy control sample. Results Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria. The overall pooled prevalence of anxiety disorders in YWE was 18.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.0%–28.5%), and for depression the pooled prevalence was 13.5% (95% CI 8.8%–20.2%). In samples of YWE compared with healthy controls, significantly higher anxiety (d = 0.57, 95% CI 0.32–0.83, p < .000) and depressive (d = 0.42, 95% CI 0.16–0.68, p < .000) symptomatology was reported. Conclusions YWE report anxiety and depressive disorders and symptoms to a significantly higher degree than youth without epilepsy. There is also evidence that certain anxiety disorders (e.g. generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder) are particularly elevated, perhaps reflecting the unique impact of epilepsy on youth psychopathology. Research is needed to understand the risk factors associated with anxiety and depressive disorders in epilepsy, and better understand how these symptoms change across development.

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