Psychiatric morbidity in prisoners with intellectual
                        disabilities: analysis of prison survey data for England and
                        Wales

SummaryA substantial number of prisoners have intellectual disabilities. We analysed data on a sample drawn from all prisons in England and Wales. Intellectual disability was defined as Quick Test scores equivalent to an IQ of ⩽65. We found a significantly higher prevalence of probable psychosis, attempted suicide and cannabis use in prisoners with intellectual disabilities. Presence of intellectual disability was twice as likely to be associated with probable psychosis but the relationship was fully mediated by self-rated health status. It is important to identify this group as early as possible in order to provide timely interventions to cope in adverse environments and manage substance misuse.

Download Full-text

The Assimilation of Assistive Technology in Residential Care Centers for People with Intellectual Disabilities

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2004.16 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 178-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eli Carmeli ◽

Carmit Cahana ◽

Joav Merrick

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Assistive Technology ◽

Intellectual Disabilities ◽

Residential Care ◽

Daily Life ◽

Special Support ◽

Study Results ◽

People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽

The Relationship

People with intellectual disability (ID) require special support in order to achieve independence in their daily life. Persons with ID are less exposed to assistive technology, although studies have shown that the availability of aids afford an opportunity to reach independence and cooperation. The aim of this study was to examine the nature of the relationship between involvement of the physiotherapy (PT) team and the degree to which assistive technology was used. A questionnaire was sent to all PTs employed at all 54 residential care centers for persons with ID of the Division for Mental Retardation at the Ministry of Social Affairs in Israel. A significantly positive correlation was found between the degree of involvement of the PT and the utilization of assistive technology. The study results may be summarized by stating that PTs demonstrated a great deal of involvement, particularly in relation to the extent of their work in the residential care centers. PT's awareness of the importance was indicated as the major reason to use assistive technology.

Download Full-text

The Sociology of Acceptance Revisited: “There Must Have Been Something Because I Grieve So!”

Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities ◽

10.1352/2008.46:427-435 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 427-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Helge Folkestad ◽

Lone Folkestad

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Intellectual Disabilities ◽

Community Living ◽

Full Understanding ◽

Foster Families ◽

People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Caring for a person may result in emotions for that person. When Helen died, her staff experienced deep sorrow. The authors interviewed the staff, asking to what extent R. Bogdan and S. J. Taylor's (1987) sociology of acceptance could help them understand how accepting ties are made and maintained. Because R. Bogdan and S. J. Taylor mainly looked at relationships within foster families and friendships, the authors broaden the perspectives by examining a case where the relationship was between a resident and her staff in the now-typical Norwegian community-living setting for people with intellectual disabilities. After interviewing staff about how the resident interacted with these other, “typical” people, the authors maintain that acceptance is not only the doings of those without the intellectual disability. The authors acknowledge that a full understanding of accepting relationships requires the perspectives of both parties.

Download Full-text

A Multilevel Path Analysis of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Self-Rated Health in Older Adults

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.1.4.398 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 398-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Fuzhong Li ◽

K. John Fisher

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Health Status ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Primary Sampling Unit ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Neighborhood Social Cohesion ◽

The Relationship ◽

Physical Activity Facilities ◽

Neighborhood Level

Objectives:This study examined the relationship between physical activity and self-rated health in older adults at both the neighborhood level and the resident level.Methods:A multilevel design was used that involved neighborhoods as the primary sampling unit and residents nested within each neighborhood. Residents (N = 582, mean age = 73.99 years, SD = 6.26) from 56 neighborhoods in Portland, Oregon, were surveyed on neighborhood physical activity and health status.Results:Multilevel path analysis showed a positive relationship between physical activity and health status at the neighborhood level. In addition, perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion, proximity to physical activity facilities, safety for walking, and importance of physical activity involvement, were positively related to high levels of physical activity. At the resident level, education and walking efficacy were positively associated with physical activity.Conclusions:The results provide evidence that neighborhood-level physical activity is positively linked to neighborhood-level self-rated health in older adults.

Download Full-text

The relationship between self-rated health and objective health status: a population-based study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/1471-2458-13-320 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 231

Author(s):

Shunquan Wu ◽

Rui Wang ◽

Yanfang Zhao ◽

Xiuqiang Ma ◽

Meijing Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Objective Health ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

The Relationship

Download Full-text

Does sense of coherence affect the relationship between self-rated health and health status in a sample of community-dwelling frail elderly people?

Aging & Mental Health ◽

10.1080/13607860701368513 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 658-667 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

H. I. Saevareid ◽

E. Thygesen ◽

H. A. Nygaard ◽

T. C. Lindstrom

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Elderly People ◽

Sense Of Coherence ◽

Frail Elderly ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Frail Elderly People ◽

The Relationship

Download Full-text

The relationship between physical activity and self-rated health status in European adolescents: Results of the EURO-URHIS 2 survey

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckw177 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (suppl_2) ◽

pp. 107-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Emily Granger ◽

Greg Williams ◽

Francesco Di Nardo ◽

Annie Harrison ◽

Arpana Verma

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Health Status ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

The Relationship

Download Full-text

Association between self-rated health and physical performance in middle-aged and older women from Northeast Brazil

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8876 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e8876

Author(s):

Sabrina Gabrielle Gomes Fernandes ◽

Catherine M. Pirkle ◽

Tetine Sentell ◽

José Vilton Costa ◽

Alvaro Campos Cavalcanti Maciel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Older Women ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Low Income ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Chair Stand ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Eyes Open ◽

The Relationship

Background Self-rated Health (SRH) is regarded as a simple and valid measure of a person’s health status, given its association to adverse health outcomes, including low physical performance in older populations. However, studies investigating these associations in low- and middle-income settings are scarce, especially for middle-aged populations. Understanding the validity of SRH in relation to objective health measures in low-income populations could assist in decision making about health policy and strategies, especially in under-resourced settings. Objective Assess the relationship between SRH and physical performance measures in middle-aged and older women in a low-income setting of Brazil. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 571 middle-aged (40–59 years old) and older (60–80 years old) women living in Parnamirim and Santa Cruz in the Northeast region of Brazil. Participants reported their health status and were allocated to the “SRH good” or “SRH poor” groups. The physical performance evaluation included: handgrip strength, one-legged balance with eyes open and closed and chair stand test. The relationship between SRH and physical performance for middle-aged and older women was assessed by quantile regression (modeling medians) adjusted for potential confounders (age, socioeconomic variables, body mass index, menopause status, age at first birth, parity, chronic conditions and physical activity). Results Middle-aged women from the “SRH good” group presented better physical performance with 1.75 kgf stronger handgrip strength (95% CI [0.47–3.02]; p = 0.004), 1.31 s longer balance with eyes closed ([0.00–2.61]; p = 0.030), and they were 0.56 s faster in the chair stand test ([0.18–0.94]; p = 0.009) than those who reported “SRH poor”. No association was found for balance with eyes open. For older women, there was no evidence of associations between physical performance and SRH. Conclusion This study showed that SRH is significantly associated with objective measures of physical performance in a sample of low-income middle-aged women. SRH can be an important tool to indicate the need for further evaluation of physical performance among middle-aged women and can be particularly useful for low-income communities.

Download Full-text

Relationship between self-rated health status and physical activity in obese South Indian patients

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20192238 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 780

Author(s):

Virgin Joena ◽

Ananda Xavier Pragasam

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Health Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Equal Proportion ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

South Indian ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

Background: Regular physical activity can improve people's overall health and reduce various risks for morbidity and mortality due to a sedentary lifestyle. Although the evidence linking obesity with many chronic diseases is well established, the relationship with self-rated health is not clear. The study aimed to assess the relationship between physical activity and self-rated health and how it is related to obesity.Methods: The cross-sectional study included 132 individuals above18 years, of both genders, with BMI above 25kg/m2. Data was collected using a structured proforma which included apart from demographic parameters, anthropometry parameters, self-reported physical activity, health status and stress levels of the subjects. Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test was used to assess the association between BMI, physical activity and self-rated health.Results: A total of 132 subjects were included with a mean age of 48.44±11.23 years, with an almost equal proportion of males and females. The mean of BMI was 29.54±3.99. Most of them reported having normal physical activity (61.36%) with only 3% of them having high physical activity. The self-rated health of the subjects revealed 45.45% of them is having fair health and 43.18% of them having poor health. The mean a number of hours spent by sitting/sedentary activity in a week were 32.32±21.09.Conclusions: The study findings revealed that the irrespective of the degree of physical activity both overweight and obese subjects rated their health fair to poor.

Download Full-text

The effect of objective income and perceived economic resources on self-rated health

International Journal for Equity in Health ◽

10.1186/s12939-020-01304-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Catia Cialani ◽

Reza Mortazavi

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Health ◽

Economic Resources ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Interview Survey ◽

European Health ◽

European Health Interview Survey ◽

Ordered Probit Models ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Several studies have demonstrated that self-rated health status is affected by socioeconomic variables. However, there is little knowledge about whether perceived economic resources affect people’s health. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between self-rated health status and different measures of income. Specifically, the effect of both objective income and perceived economic resources are estimated for a very large sample of households in Italy. By estimating this relationship, this paper aims at filling the previously mentioned gap. Methods The data used are from the 2015 European Health Interview Survey and were collected using information from approximately 16,000 households in 562 Italian municipalities. Ordinary and generalized ordered probit models were used in estimating the effects of a set of covariates, among others measures of income, on the self-rated health status. Results The results suggest that the subjective income, measured by the perceived economic resources, affects the probability of reporting a higher self-rate health status more than objective income. The results also indicate that other variables, such as age, educational level, presence/absence of chronic disease, and employment status, affect self-rated health more significantly than objective income. It is also found that males report more frequently higher rating than females. Conclusions Our analysis demonstrates that perceived income affects significantly self-rated health. While self-perceived economic resources have been used to assess economic well-being and satisfaction, they can also be used to assess stress levels and related health outcomes. Our findings suggest that low subjective income adversely affects subjective health. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between effects of income and individuals’ perceptions of their economic resources or overall financial situation on their health. From a gender perspective, our results show that females are less likely to have high rating than males. However, as females perceive an improved economic situation, on the margin, the likelihood of a higher self-rated health increases compared to males.

Download Full-text