Breast cancer epidemiologic risk factors by HER2/neu status

585 Background: Although breast cancers categorized by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status are recognized to differ in their associations with standard breast cancer risk factors, little data exist on differences by HER2/neu status. Methods: The Nurses’ Health Study is a prospective cohort study of 121,700 registered nurses aged 30–55 in 1976 who answered biennial questionnaires to update medical and lifestyle factors and disease occurrence. Medical record review was used to confirm invasive breast cancer and abstract ER, PR, and HER2/neu status. Statistical analyses included both proportional hazards models to estimate relative risks and control for potential confounders and polytomous logistic regression to compare the effects. Only cases diagnosed from return of the 1998 questionnaire until June 2002 were included in the analysis since HER2/neu was only routinely assessed beginning with the 1998 follow-up cycle. Results: 211 HER2/neu positive and 770 HER2/neu negative cases were included in the analysis. In this predominantly postmenopausal group aged 52–77 in 1998, HER2neu negative cancers were more likely to be ER+/PR+ (72%) and less likely to be ER-/PR- (11%) than HER2/neu positive ones (58% ER+/PR+ and 24% ER-/PR-), but the majority of cancers were still ER+/PR+. In multivariate models, risk factor associations by HER2/neu status were similar with positive associations seen for family history, benign breast disease, body mass index, current postmenopausal hormone use, and cumulative alcohol consumption. However, when the subgroup of ER-/PR-/HER2/neu negative cancers were evaluated separately (N=83), most of these risk factor associations disappeared with the only significant risk factor being a prior history of benign breast disease. Conclusions: This is the first prospective data study to report on risk factor association by HER2/neu status. For the standard epidemiologic breast cancer risk factors, ER and PR status appear to better represent separate etiologic pathways, rather than HER2/neu status. However, the subgroup of ER/PR/HER2neu negative breast cancers appears to be distinct, although power was limited and HER2/neu status was not confirmed by central review. Additional analyses stratified by ER/PR status will also be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Knowledge and Awareness on Risk Factors of Breast Cancers Among Homemakers

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3450 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽

pp. 1439-1445

Author(s):

Indumathi M ◽

Kavitha S ◽

Vishnupriya V ◽

Gayathri R

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Online Survey ◽

Information Source ◽

College Education ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Cancer Risk Factors ◽

Breast Cancer Risk Factors

Globally the major cause of cancer associated death among women is breast cancer. Reports showed that all over world approximately 1.15 million women are affected by breast cancer. Lack of awareness and late diagnosis are the prime reasons behind the raising mortality associated with breast cancer. Breast cancer is becoming the principal cause of mortality worldwide and has greater impact in developing countries. The aim of the present study is to access the knowledge and awareness on risk factors of breast cancers among homemakers. About 150 participants were involved in the study. Self-administered questionnaire of close ended questions was prepared related to risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic modalities, prevention and treatment of breast cancer and distributed among homemakers through online survey forms. In the present study about 62.7% were aware of risk factors of breast cancer and 37.3% were not aware. Regarding the information source of breast cancer risk factors, most of the participants (43.3%) responded to from school or college education. The majority of the participants (60.7%) were aware that breast cancer is among the most prevailing cancers among women. Regarding the risk factors of breast cancer, 36% responded to obesity,10% responded to advanced age and 54% responded to family history of breast cancer. The majority of the participants (56.7%) responded age as a major risk factor. In the present study, knowledge and awareness on the breast cancer, risk factors among homemakers is moderate.

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Awareness of breast cancer risk factors and practices of breast self-examination among North Indian unmarried females

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1721

Author(s):

Kavita . ◽

Damanpreet Kaur ◽

Jarnail Singh Thakur ◽

Darshna . ◽

Pushplata . ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Early Detection ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Breast Self Examination ◽

Cancer Risk Factors ◽

Breast Cancer Risk Factors ◽

Self Examination

Background: Breast cancer is a leading health problem in females in developing countries. It is associated with various risk factors which are largely preventable. Risk factor awareness and adherence to healthy life style can play a significant role in prevention of cancer. So, study was undertaken to assess the awareness of risk factor of breast cancer and practices of breast self-examination among unmarried females.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study design was adopted to recruit 150 subjects. Purposive sampling technique was used to enrol unmarried females above 19 years of age. Written informed consent was taken from participants. Interview schedule was constructed, validated and used for data collection. The data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0.Results: Findings of the study revealed that mean age of participant was 22.65±3.21 years. Most of the females were aware that non breast-feeding practices (94.7%), infertility (84.7%), using oral contraceptives pills (50.7%), advancing age (48%), and any trauma to breast (36.7%) are risk factors of breast cancer. Nearly three fourth (76%) of the subjects had good awareness of breast cancer risk factors. However, breast self-examination was only practiced by 14.6% (22) subjects from total 150 subjects.Conclusions: Study concluded that most of the women were aware about the risk factors of breast cancer, however only few were practicing breast self-examination. Since screening and early detection of breast cancer is crucial for cancer control, nurses as health professionals have a significant role to play in early detection and increasing awareness among individuals and communities.

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Microbial Alterations and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer: Connections and Mechanistic Insights

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9051091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1091 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sheetal Parida ◽

Dipali Sharma

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Immune Modulation ◽

Cancer Risk Factors ◽

Microbial Dysbiosis ◽

Breast Cancer Risk Factors

Breast cancer-related mortality remains high worldwide, despite tremendous advances in diagnostics and therapeutics; hence, the quest for better strategies for disease management, as well as the identification of modifiable risk factors, continues. With recent leaps in genomic technologies, microbiota have emerged as major players in most cancers, including breast cancer. Interestingly, microbial alterations have been observed with some of the established risk factors of breast cancer, such as obesity, aging and periodontal disease. Higher levels of estrogen, a risk factor for breast cancer that cross-talks with other risk factors such as alcohol intake, obesity, parity, breastfeeding, early menarche and late menopause, are also modulated by microbial dysbiosis. In this review, we discuss the association between known breast cancer risk factors and altered microbiota. An important question related to microbial dysbiosis and cancer is the underlying mechanisms by which alterations in microbiota can support cancer progression. To this end, we review the involvement of microbial metabolites as effector molecules, the modulation of the metabolism of xenobiotics, the induction of systemic immune modulation, and altered responses to therapy owing to microbial dysbiosis. Given the association of breast cancer risk factors with microbial dysbiosis and the multitude of mechanisms altered by dysbiotic microbiota, an impaired microbiome is, in itself, an important risk factor.

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