scholarly journals Differences between measured and reported volatile organic compound emissions from oil sands facilities in Alberta, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (19) ◽  
pp. E3756-E3765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Meng Li ◽  
Amy Leithead ◽  
Samar G. Moussa ◽  
John Liggio ◽  
Michael D. Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Voc Emission ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Emission Estimation

Large-scale oil production from oil sands deposits in Alberta, Canada has raised concerns about environmental impacts, such as the magnitude of air pollution emissions. This paper reports compound emission rates (E) for 69–89 nonbiogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for each of four surface mining facilities, determined with a top-down approach using aircraft measurements in the summer of 2013. The aggregate emission rate (aE) of the nonbiogenic VOCs ranged from 50 ± 14 to 70 ± 22 t/d depending on the facility. In comparison, equivalent VOC emission rates reported to the Canadian National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) using accepted estimation methods were lower than the aE values by factors of 2.0 ± 0.6, 3.1 ± 1.1, 4.5 ± 1.5, and 4.1 ± 1.6 for the four facilities, indicating underestimation in the reported VOC emissions. For 11 of the combined 93 VOC species reported by all four facilities, the reported emission rate and E were similar; but for the other 82 species, the reported emission rate was lower than E. The median ratio of E to that reported for all species by a facility ranged from 4.5 to 375 depending on the facility. Moreover, between 9 and 53 VOCs, for which there are existing reporting requirements to the NPRI, were not included in the facility emission reports. The comparisons between the emission reports and measurement-based emission rates indicate that improvements to VOC emission estimation methods would enhance the accuracy and completeness of emission estimates and their applicability to environmental impact assessments of oil sands developments.

scholarly journals The sensitivity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) component partitioning to the predictions of component properties – Part 3: Investigation of condensed compounds generated by a near-explicit model of VOC oxidation

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 21055-21090 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Barley ◽  
D. Topping ◽  
D. Lowe ◽  
S. Utembe ◽  
G. McFiggans
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Emission Scenario ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Explicit Model ◽  
Voc Emission ◽  
Aerosol Properties

Abstract. Calculations of the absorptive partitioning of secondary organic aerosol components were carried out using a number of methods to estimate vapour pressure and non-ideality. The sensitivity of predicted condensed component masses, volatility, O:C ratio, molar mass and functionality distribution to the choice of estimation methods was investigated in mixtures of around 2700 compounds generated by a near explicit mechanism of atmospheric VOC degradation. The sensitivities in terms of all metrics were comparable to those previously reported (using 10 000 semi-randomly generated compounds). In addition, the change in predicted aerosol properties and composition with changing VOC emission scenario was investigated showing key dependencies on relative anthropogenic and biogenic contributions. Finally, the contribution of non-ideality to the changing distribution of condensed components was explored in terms of the shift in effective volatility by virtue of component activity coefficients, clearly demonstrating both enhancement and reduction of component masses associated with negative and positive deviations from ideality.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Air Emission Estimation Methods for Drilling Rig Emissions

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Stuver ◽  
Jesse R. Alonzo ◽  
Richard C. Haut ◽  
David B. Burnett ◽  
Forrest H. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Air Emission ◽  
Emission Estimation

scholarly journals Methane Emission Estimation of Oil and Gas Sector: A Review of Measurement Technologies, Data Analysis Methods and Uncertainty Estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13895
Author(s):  
Shuo Sun ◽  
Linwei Ma ◽  
Zheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Uncertainty Estimation ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Emission Estimation ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector ◽  
Data Analysis Methods

The emission estimation of the oil and gas sector, which involves field test measurements, data analysis, and uncertainty estimation, precedes effective emission mitigation actions. A systematic comparison and summary of these technologies and methods are necessary to instruct the technology selection and for uncertainty improvement, which is not found in existing literature. In this paper, we present a review of existing measuring technologies, matching data analysis methods, and newly developed probabilistic tools for uncertainty estimation and try to depict the process for emission estimation. Through a review, we find that objectives have a determinative effect on the selection of measurement technologies, matching data analysis methods, and uncertainty estimation methods. And from a systematic perspective, optical instruments may have greatly improved measurement accuracy and range, yet data analysis methods might be the main contributor of estimation uncertainty. We suggest that future studies on oil and gas methane emissions should focus on the analysis methods to narrow the uncertainty bond, and more research on uncertainty generation might also be required.

Estimation of ship flue gas emissions in dynamic operational conditions with ANN

2020 ◽  
pp. 147509022097945
Author(s):  
Levent Bilgili ◽  
Uğur Buğra Çelebi
Keyword(s):  
Weather Condition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Ship Emissions ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Emission Estimation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fuel Costs ◽  
Dynamic Variables

While ship emissions are incomparably less in comparison to land units, the threat of the world’s population and certain regions are in a serious danger due to 70% of these emissions occur in areas up to 400 km from the coast and on certain maritime routes. The formation of ship emissions strongly depends on the dynamically varying travel conditions and it is important to identify the emissions in order to guide the rule-makers to take the necessary measures correctly. In this study, an emission estimation modelling based on dynamic variables, such as voyage duration, engine revolutions per minute, speed, displacement, weather condition, sea conditions and average draught, has been realized by using artificial neural networks (ANN). The difference between the results of ANN and traditional estimation methods was found to be 1.57%. Then, in order to determine the optimum route, the ANN model was implemented for June and January in the Northern and Southern routes of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and it was concluded that harder sea and weather conditions produced more emissions. Finally, fuel consumptions, fuel costs and social costs of the emissions for different routes were calculated.

scholarly journals The sensitivity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) component partitioning to the predictions of component properties – Part 3: Investigation of condensed compounds generated by a near-explicit model of VOC oxidation

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 13145-13159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Barley ◽  
D. Topping ◽  
D. Lowe ◽  
S. Utembe ◽  
G. McFiggans
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Emission Scenario ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Explicit Model ◽  
Voc Emission ◽  
Aerosol Properties

Abstract. Calculations of the absorptive partitioning of secondary organic aerosol components were carried out using a number of methods to estimate vapour pressure and non-ideality. The sensitivity of predicted condensed component masses, volatility, O:C ratio, molar mass and functionality distribution to the choice of estimation methods was investigated in mixtures of around 2700 compounds generated by a near explicit mechanism of atmospheric VOC degradation. The sensitivities in terms of all metrics were comparable to those previously reported (using 10 000 semi-randomly generated compounds). In addition, the change in predicted aerosol properties and composition with changing VOC emission scenario was investigated showing key dependencies on relative anthropogenic and biogenic contributions. Finally, the contribution of non-ideality to the changing distribution of condensed components was explored in terms of the shift in effective volatility by virtue of component activity coefficients, clearly demonstrating both enhancement and reduction of component masses associated with negative and positive deviations from ideality.

The Impact of Missing and Error-Prone Auxiliary Information on Sparse-Matrix Sub-Population Parameter Estimates

Methodology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Rutkowski ◽  
Yan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sparse Matrix ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Auxiliary Information ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Population Parameter ◽  
Conditioning Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Given a consistent interest in comparing achievement across sub-populations in international assessments such as TIMSS, PIRLS, and PISA, it is critical that sub-population achievement is estimated reliably and with sufficient precision. As such, we systematically examine the limitations to current estimation methods used by these programs. Using a simulation study along with empirical results from the 2007 cycle of TIMSS, we show that a combination of missing and misclassified data in the conditioning model induces biases in sub-population achievement estimates, the magnitude and degree to which can be readily explained by data quality. Importantly, estimated biases in sub-population achievement are limited to the conditioning variable with poor-quality data while other sub-population achievement estimates are unaffected. Findings are generally in line with theory on missing and error-prone covariates. The current research adds to a small body of literature that has noted some of the limitations to sub-population estimation.

Femtocell Selection Scheme for Reducing Unnecessary Handover and Enhancing Downlink QoS in Cognitive Femtocell Networks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Nhu Dong ◽  
Hoang Nam Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Trong Minh ◽  
Takahiko Saba
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Mobility Prediction ◽  
Capacity Estimation ◽  
Femtocell Networks ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Indoor Communications ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Cognitive Femtocell

Femtocell networks have been proposed for indoor communications as the extension of cellular networks for enhancing coverage performance. Because femtocells have small coverage radius, typically from 15 to 30 meters, a femtocell user (FU) walking at low speed can still make several femtocell-to-femtocell handovers during its connection. When performing a femtocell-to-femtocell handover, femtocell selection used to select the target handover femtocell has to be able not only to reduce unnecessary handovers and but also to support FU’s quality of service (QoS). In the paper, we propose a femtocell selection scheme for femtocell-tofemtocell handover, named Mobility Prediction and Capacity Estimation based scheme (MPCE-based scheme), which has the advantages of the mobility prediction and femtocell’s available capacity estimation methods. Performance results obtained by computer simulation show that the proposed MPCE-based scheme can reduce unnecessary femtocell-tofemtocell handovers, maintain low data delay and improve the throughput of femtocell users. DOI: 10.32913/rd-ict.vol3.no14.536

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