Mineral Extraction, Geothermal Exchange and Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
pp. 335-352
Author(s):  
Charles A. Job
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Extraction

Multi-component complex ores: Special aspects of using ad valorem and specific mineral extraction tax rates

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1297-1314
Author(s):  
T.A. Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Krasnoyarsk Krai ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Rent Extraction ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Mineral Extraction ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Significant Differentiation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Ad Valorem

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the taxation for multi-component complex ores and commercial components using ad valorem and specific mineral extraction tax (MET) rates. Objectives. The article aims to assess some results of the application of specific MET rates in the Krasnoyarsk Krai and ad valorem rates in other subjects of the Russian Federation, taking into account the specifics of the current taxation procedure for multi-component complex ores and their commercial components. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis, synthesis, and the method of extrapolation. Results. The article shows that the change in the type of MET rate for multi-component complex ores and commercial components has led to a significant increase in the effective tax rate. This led to an increase in the corresponding MET revenues in the Krasnoyarsk Krai. The article also substantiates that the introduction of specific rates in other Russian regions requires a significant differentiation of specific MET rates. However, this is risk-bearing concerning unfair distribution of the tax burden and the complexity of tax administration. Conclusions. The issue of identifying multi-component complex ores and their commercial components is controversial. Extending specific MET rates to other regions may complicate the mechanism of rent extraction.

scholarly journals Metal Removal from Acid Waters by an Endemic Microalga from the Atacama Desert for Water Recovery

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Martínez ◽  
Yanett Leyton ◽  
Luis Cisternas ◽  
Carlos Riquelme
Keyword(s):  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Mineral Extraction ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Acid Waters

The environmental problems generated by waste from the mining industry in the mineral extraction for business purposes are known worldwide. The aim of this work is to evaluate the microalga Muriellopsis sp. as a potential remover of metallic ions such as copper (Cu2+), zinc (Zn2+) and iron (Fe2+), pollutants of acid mine drainage (AMD) type waters. For this, the removal of these ions was verified in artificial acid waters with high concentrations of the ions under examination. Furthermore, the removal was evaluated in waters obtained from areas contaminated by mining waste. The results showed that Muriellopsis sp. removed metals in waters with high concentrations after 4–12 h and showed tolerance to pH between 3 and 5. These results allow proposing this species as a potential bioremediator for areas contaminated by mining activity. In this work, some potential alternatives for application in damaged areas are proposed as a decontamination plan and future prevention.

China

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-205
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Gent ◽  
Mark J. C. Crescenzi
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Market Power ◽  
South China ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Gray Zone ◽  
China Seas ◽  
Mineral Extraction ◽  
International Seabed Authority

This chapter examines how the pursuit of market power over rare earth elements (REEs) influences China’s use of strategic delay in East and South China Seas. As the dominant global producer of REEs, China has the ability to set prices in this market. The desire to maintain this market power motivates China to continue to push its long-standing claims to sovereignty over seabed resources in the East and South China Seas. International institutions such as UNCLOS and the International Seabed Authority do not provide a dispute-resolution option that allows China to maintain unfettered access to deep sea mineral extraction. At the same time, China’s economic dependence on Japan and the global REE market constrains China from turning to military escalation to press its claims. Instead, China has relied upon strategic delay and gray zone tactics to gradually expand its presence in the East and South China Seas.

Land use intensity of official mineral extraction in the Amazon region: linking economic and spatial data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Walfir M. Souza‐Filho ◽  
Felipe Lucia Lobo ◽  
Rosane B. L. Cavalcante ◽  
José Aroudo Mota ◽  
Wilson R. Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Land Use Intensity ◽  
Mineral Extraction

Substantiation of Mineral Extraction from Man-Made Deposits

2018 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
Dmytro Maltsev ◽  
Oleksandr Vladyko ◽  
Konrad Kokowski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Mineral Extraction ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Graphical Data ◽  
Optimal Technology ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

Analysis of scientific publications of recent years has shown the need to further study the development of man-made mineral deposits in Ukraine. The main reasons for development of man-made deposits were considered, and the basic requirements for mining man-made deposits were formed, including: efficiency increase of mining operations; reduction of negative environmental impact on the region and restoration of land after industrial activity. Technology that made it possible to group dumps based on their formation is analyzed, which allowed to form clusters. They allow to determine the optimal technology for the development of man-made deposits based on the type of minerals to be extracted and the method of its formation. As a result of the study, the algorithm of making decision on the choice of optimal technology for the development of man-made deposits based on graphical data was developed, taking into account the type of minerals to be extracted, depending on the structure of the deposit and the specific features of its formation.

scholarly journals Sustainability and Depletion Accounting for Non-Renewable Resources: The Case of Copper in Chile

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Barry D. Green ◽  
Keith A. Blatner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Mineral Extraction ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Hartwick Rule ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Mining Projects

<p class="1Body">This research develops a framework for assessing just compensation values for mining projects, where they might contribute toward a responsible, profitable, and sustainable path to economic growth and development. More specifically, it deals with methods to determine a “sustainable” rate of mineral extraction, putting a dollar value on the environmental impacts from various levels of mineral extraction. The project focuses on an emerging political economy (Chile) and uses an interdisciplinary approach. The approach rests on the assumption that the policy objectives of environmental protection and sustainable economic development can be subsumed into the “Hartwick rule” goal of investing mining rents in natural, social, and infrastructure capital. This study aids in policy decisions relating to benefit transfer to local/regional infrastructure investment.</p>

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