optimal technology
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2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Marek Płaczek ◽  
◽  
Paulina Fabisz ◽  

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the technique of cutting materials such as water jet cutting and laser cutting. The tests were carried out while cutting plastic elements, such as: PMMA, HIPS and ABS. To compare the analysed cutting methods, it was necessary to limit the type of material to be cut to the selected plastics due to the limited thickness range of the samples cut with the use of the laser used for the tests. The workpiece was designed in AutoCAD. The geometry was designed in such a way that it was possible to compare the accuracy of cutting both straight sections, curves and holes using the cutting techniques tested. The roughness of the treated surfaces (edges of the samples) was also analysed. A roughness gauge was used to test the edges. The obtained research results were compiled and analysed to determine the optimal technology and parameters of cutting processes for individual types of selected materials and shapes. As it was shown, the wrong selection of the cutting technology in relation to the processed material or the wrong selection of machining parameters may lead to the destruction of the detail being made and incur significant costs.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Amanda Aljinović ◽  
Nikola Gjeldum ◽  
Boženko Bilić ◽  
Marko Mladineo

Last year’s developments are characterized by a dramatic drop in customer demand leading to stiff competition and more challenges that each enterprise needs to cope with in a globalized market. Production in low-mix/high-volume batches is replaced with low-volume/high-variety production, which demands excessive information flow throughout production facilities. To cope with the excessive information flow, this production paradigm requires the integration of new advanced technology within production that enables the transformation of production towards smart production, i.e., towards Industry 4.0. The procedure that helps the decision-makers to select the most appropriate I4.0 technology to integrate within the current assembly line considering the expected outcomes of KPIs are not significantly been the subject of the research in the literature. Therefore, this research proposes a conceptual procedure that focus on the current state of the individual assembly line and proposes the technology to implement. The proposed solution is aligned with the expected strategic goals of the company since procedure takes into consideration value from the end-user perspective, current production plans, scheduling, throughput, and other relevant manufacturing metrics. The validation of the method was conducted on a real assembly line. The results of the validation study emphasize the importance of the individual approach for each assembly line since the preferences of the user as well as his diversified needs and possibilities affect the optimal technology selection.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2371
Author(s):  
Ljubiša Kolarić ◽  
Vera Popović ◽  
Ljubiša Živanović ◽  
Nataša Ljubičić ◽  
Petar Stevanović ◽  
...  

Buckwheat is an economically important gluten free cereal, and it is a good source of protein, fiber, and energy. The field experiments with buckwheat variety “Novosadska” were set in two experimental years in Pancevo, Serbia. The aim of this study was to determine the most optimal technology for buckwheat production. The study aims were to investigate the effects of (1) row spacing: RS1-25 cm and RS2-50 cm; (2) nutrition variants: (N1) 0 kg ha−1 NPK; (N2) NPK 30 kg ha−1; (N3) NPK 60 kg ha−1; and (N4) NPK 90 kg ha−1; (3) environment: Y1-2018 and Y2-2019; and their interactions on the plant height (PH), number of lateral branches (NoLB), mass of seeds per plant (MSP), number of seeds per plant (NoSP), buckwheat grain yield (GY); and (4) the correlations among these traits. All tested parameters of buckwheat significantly varied across row spacing, environment, and nutrition. The average grain yield in the row spacing, RD1-25 cm, was significantly higher than in the wider spacing, RD2-50 cm, and in 2018 than 2019 as well as with the nutrition NPK applied in the amount of 90 kg ha−1 in relation with all the other nutrition variants. All the studied agronomic traits were positively and strongly correlated with GY.


2021 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Олександр Дмитрович Абрамов ◽  
Юлія Володимирівна С’єдіна ◽  
Андрій Юрійович Ніколаєв ◽  
Артем Андрійович Бондарєв

The article deals with the technology of estimating the frequency of harmonic components in the presence of additive normal interferences for solving applied problems of spectral analysis. Objective: to develop a methodology for the synthesis of algorithms for determining the frequency of a complex harmonic signal in discrete sections of the process, this is observed when using data segmentation. Objective: to develop the optimal technology for determining the frequency of the hormonal component of the process, provided by a finite number of discrete compartments, according to model representations and requirements that meet the problems of the current state of spectral analysis practice. These results were obtained. The problem of estimating the harmonic frequency from segmented data in the presence of additive Gaussian interference in observations based on the method of maximum likelihood is solved. The processing algorithm and the consequences of digital modeling of the synthesized evaluation technology for a given number of discrete process samples are given. The analysis of both the practical capacity of the technology for determining the assessment and certain qualitative indicators of assessment is performed. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows: further development as a method for solving problems of estimating the frequency of the harmonic signal from a few sample values of the process under conditions of additive normal interference and methods for optimizing the structure of digital processing of observations in data segmentation. The synthesized technology uses one sample of observations to determine the estimates, which ensure the efficiency of information processing in a simple software implementation. The use of segmentation in the technological process of digital processing of observations allows obtaining estimates, the quality of which corresponds to the indicators of maximum likelihood. For unambiguous assessment, there is a need to eliminate ambiguity. Under these conditions, the technology with a given number of samples can significantly solve the range of signal-to-noise ratios at which can be obtained unbiased estimates.


Author(s):  
V.V. Egorov ◽  
A.N. Volokitin ◽  
N.V. Ugolnikov ◽  
A.V. Sokolovsky

The practice of mining and blasting operations both during the development of a mineral deposits, and at the mine design stage, often involves the question of selecting the technology options and operation parameters. Virtually all recommendations for selecting the best production option are based on minimizing the total costs for the entire technological cycle of mining activities. In most cases the optimal technology and parameters of mining and blasting operations depend on the commercial, maximum permissible and average size of the blasted rock mass, which are determined by the type and capacity of the mining haulage equipment. Therefore, the total costs will mainly depend on the commercial or average lump size and the cost of mining transport equipment. The article presents a methodology to select the best technological option for the drilling and blasting operations to obtain the optimal lumpiness (particle-size distribution) of the blasted rock. The optimal range of lumpiness is defined by the total minimum costs for the entire production cycle of mining and processing of minerals. In order to select a rational technology of drilling and blasting and to calculate their parameters it is proposed to take into account the integral criteria of lumpiness in addition to the average lump size. For this purpose, we studied the particle size distribution in the rock mass and in the muck piles.


2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-343
Author(s):  
Oleh M. Mazhanov ◽  
Valeriy D. Evtekhov ◽  
Oleh S. Demchenko ◽  
Volodymyr M. Voloshyn ◽  
Yevhen M. Kulyk

Hematite quartzites are a product of weathering of magnetite quartzites, which make up the ferruginous horizons of deposits of the Precambrian banded-iron formation. They occur all over the planet. The largest deposits are found in the iron-producing areas and basins of Central Kazakhstan, the Kursk magnetic anomaly, the Karelian-Kola region, Western Australia, Southeastern India, Brazil, the United States, and Canada. The geological and mineralogical issues of hematite quartzites as raw materials for producing concentrate and sinter ore have been studied most deeply and comprehensively for the deposits of the Kryvyi Rih basin and Central Kazakhstan. However, when developing an effective scheme for producing high-quality metallurgical raw materials, the mineralogical features of hematite ores have been taken into account insufficiently. The aim of the authors of the present work was to study the localization, structure of deposits and mineral composition of hematite quartzites as raw materials for sinter ore and concentrate production. Data from geological observations and mineralogical studies were used as source material. Proven geological, mineralogical, petrochemical methods were used. In accordance with the obtained results, the hematite quartzites are composed of ore-forming (quartz, hematite) and secondary (relict and newly formed) minerals. The total content of the hematite and quartz exceeds 90 mass %. The peculiarity of Ushkatyn III deposit ores is the high content of manganese oxides. The depth of distribution of the weathering crust composed of hematite quartzites varies from 200 to 1000 m. The hematite quartzites’ bodies are characterized by a zonal structure. Their central parts are represented by martite-micaceous hematite, micaceous hematite- martite quartzites; intermediate ones by martite quartzites; peripheral parts – by dispersed hematite-martite, kaolinite-martite-dispersed hematite quartzites. The horizons differ in the quantitative ratio of these varieties. The quantitative ratio of mineral varieties of hematite quartzites, morphology of individuals and aggregates of ore-forming and secondary minerals, their chemical composition and physical properties must be taken into account when developing the optimal technology for the production of high-quality hematite concentrate.


2021 ◽  
pp. 2150041
Author(s):  
YUANZHU LU ◽  
FULAN WU

This paper extends Banerjee and Poddar [Banerjee, S and S Poddar (2019). ‘To sell or not to sell’: Licensing versus selling by an outside innovator. Economic Modelling, 76, 293–304] by lifting the cap on per unit royalty rates in the cases of royalty licensing and two-part tariff licensing. We reconsider the optimal technology licensing contract by an outside innovator facing two heterogeneous licensees in a standard Hotelling framework. Our findings show that the optimal licensing policy could be fixed fee to the efficient firm, or two-part tariff to both firms (pure royalty to both firms), or two-part tariff to the efficient firm, depending upon the cost differentials between the firms and the size of innovation.


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