significant differentiation
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2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Marina Skal'naya ◽  
Valeriy Cheplev

The key task of the Food Safety Doctrine of the Russian Federation is to ensure that the population of the country consumes food products that meet modern requirements of healthy nutrition at the level of rational norms. The article presents a comparative analysis of the level of consumption of basic foodstuffs in urban and rural households for the period from 2010 to 2019. The imbalance in the volume of actual consumption of basic foodstuffs in comparison with rational norms in all households was revealed. At the same time, a significant differentiation in the volume and energy content of the diet was found between urban and rural households. The underlying reasons for the current differentiation in the consumption of basic foodstuffs by urban rural households lie in the income inequality of the urban and rural population and the level of development of the commodity infrastructure in the city and in the countryside. The implementation of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation is impossible without solving the issues related to increase of the economic and physical accessibility of food products for every citizen of the country, especially rural citizens.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (34) ◽  
pp. 261-281
Author(s):  
Zyukin Danil Alekseevich ◽  
Alexey Anatolievich Golovin ◽  
Ruslan Yakovlevich Vakulenko ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Pigoreva ◽  
Elena Nikolaevna Nozdracheva ◽  
...  

The purpose of the research is to analyze of poverty in Russia as the most important social problem of our time. The methodology of the study includes an assessment of the dynamics of socio-economic indicators in Russia in the period 2015-2020, as well as a comparison with European countries. It is shown that the problem of poverty is still one of the most pressing and urgent for modern Russia. Despite the outlined positive dynamics in the poverty level of the country's population in 2018-2019, there was a decline again in 2020, due to the deterioration of the socio-economic situation against the backdrop of the Coronavirus pandemic. As a result, the effectiveness of the earlier measures in the framework of social policy has practically disappeared, and the poverty level has practically reached 13%. The systemic lack of financial support for such critical sectors as education and health care has contributed to a series of cuts in order to save limited resources. A comparative analysis of the main socio-economic indicators in Russia and European countries made it possible to reveal the presence of significant differentiation, since Russia occupies the last positions among the compared countries in terms of basic social indicators.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Irina A. Soshko

The article deals with the problem of studying such an urgent and important issue as the state policy of supporting small and medium-sized businesses at the beginning of the XXI century and the results of its implementation in the territory of the Chuvash Republic. The author characterizes the content of main scientific works on this issue published over the past twenty years. On this historiographical basis, the aspects of the topic the content of which was contributed by one or another researcher are marked out. There is a significant differentiation in the exploration maturity of various aspects of the topic: the role of small and medium-sized businesses in the economy of the country as a whole and Chuvashia in particular is best reflected in historiography; many works list the main difficulties faced by entrepreneurs in their practical activities; as a rule, researchers list various forms of state support for small and medium-sized businesses, although most often only some of them are covered; the regulatory framework for state support of entrepreneurship in the Chuvash Republic is sufficiently fully characterized, the content of approved strategies and development programs is analyzed; many authors put forward proposals for improving the state policy of supporting small and medium-sized businesses. At the same time, other aspects remained poorly covered in historiography, for example, regional features in the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the territory of Chuvashia at the beginning of the XXI century. The author comes to the conclusion about current need for holistic studying the history of small and medium-sized businesses in Chuvashia and the role of state support in this process.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Stafford ◽  
Pamela Stapleton

PurposeContemporary organisational landscapes offer opportunities for hybrids to thrive. Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are one thriving hybrid form incorporating the use of resources and/or structures from both public and private sectors. The study examines the impact of such a hybrid structure on governance and accountability mechanisms in a context of institutional complexity.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses an approach that draws on institutional logics and hybridity to examine governance arrangements in the PPP policy created for the delivery of UK schools. Unusually, it employs a comparative case study of how four local governments implemented the policy. It draws on a framework developed by Polzer et al. (2017) to examine the level of engagement between multiple logics and hybrid structures and applies this to the delivery of governance and accountability for public money.FindingsThe Polzer et al. framework enables a study of how the nature of hybrids can vary in terms of their governance, ownership and control relations. The findings show how the relationships between levels of engagement of multiple logics and hybrid structures can impact on governance and accountability for public money. Layering and blending combinations led to increased adoption of private sector accountability structures, whilst a hybrid with parallel co-existence of community and market logics delivered a long-term governance structure.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper examines the operation of hybrids in a complex education PPP environment in only four local governments and therefore cannot provide representative answers across the population as a whole. However, given the considerable variation found across the four examples, the paper shows there can be significant differentiation in how multiple logics engage at different levels and in varying combinations even in the same hybrid setting. The paper focuses on capital investment implementation and its evaluation, so it is a limitation that the operational stage of PPP projects is not studied.Practical implicationsThe findings have political relevance because the two local government bodies with more robust combinations of multiple logics were more successful in getting funds and delivering schools in their geographical areas.Originality/valueThe study extends Polzer et al.'s (2017) research on hybridity by showing that there can be significant differentiation in how multiple logics engage at different levels and in varying combinations even in what was planned to be the same hybrid setting. It shows how in situations of institutional complexity certain combinations of logics lead to differentiation in governance and accountability, creating fragmented focus on the related public accountability structures. This matters because it becomes harder to hold government to account for public spending.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (25) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
I.S. Pinkovetskaia ◽  

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the values of indicators describing the specific weights of growing and declining enterprises in the total number of active enterprises in Russia in 2020, as well as the number of growing enterprises and declining enterprises, per thousand people living in each of the regions of Russia. In the course of the study, it was proved that growing and fading enterprises are relatively rare among commercial organizations. A significant differentiation of the number of both growing and declining enterprises per thousand people of the population of the regions is shown. The regions with the maximum and minimum values of indicators are given.


Author(s):  
Vera N. Rubtsova ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina V. Iliynskaya ◽  

Introduction. Solving the problem of improving the quality and standard of living of the Russian Federation’s rural population is associated with the need to develop and apply scientifically based support for municipal budgets of rural settlements to ensure the gradual transition of municipal budgets to replenishment from internal sources, generally accepted within the framework of the international concept of civic-oriented municipal governance. Theoretical analysis. The article develops theoretical problems of the formation of scientifically grounded support for rural settlements’ municipal budgets in conditions of their low budgetary provision. It reveals and scientifically substantiates the need for the development and application of theoretical and methodological foundations for supporting the municipal budgets of rural settlements for the subsequent transition of rural self-government to the implementation of the civic-oriented municipal governance concept based on internal sources of municipal budgets replenishment. Empirical analysis. Methodological directions of scientifically grounded support of Russian rural settlements’ municipal budgets are being developed. An indicator of the quality and standard of living of the rural population is proposed. It represents the expenditure of rural municipal budgets per capita of the rural population. The proposed indicator was calculated and studied at the level of expenditures of the municipal budgets of rural settlements in macro-regions of the Russian Federation per capita of the macro-regions’ rural population. A significant differentiation of the indicator by macro-regions of the Russian Federation was revealed. A significant differentiation of the proposed indicator’s value in macroregions of the Russian Federation has been revealed. The indicator of the rural municipal budgets expenditure per capita of Russian Federation’s rural settlements has been proposed, substantiated and calculated. The groups of Russian macroregions with the municipal budgets expenditures per capita of the rural population are higher, equal and lower than the indicator for the Russian Federation. Similar procedures were carried out on the basis of an empirical analysis of the rural settlements’ municipal budgets expenditures per capita of the rural population of the Russian constituent entities in macroregions with an agricultural orientation. Results. On the basis of the empirical analysis of indicators, characterizing the provision of the rural population with municipal services recommendations are proposed that can be used in the development of regulations governing the support of Russian rural settlements’ municipal budgets.


Author(s):  
E.V REPRINTSEVA ◽  

The issue of financial support for the healthcare industry today is one of the most urgent and complex, which is caused by the peculiarities of the healthcare system. The existing model of financial support for the industry is recognized as imperfect and requires modernization. However, improving the financial provision of health care faces a number of challenges at every stage from accumulation to targeted use of funds. As a result, the amount of healthcare funding in Russia is one of the lowest in comparison with developed countries, which have a high level of medical development, and has a significant differentiation. In the course of the study, a comparative analysis of the volume of budget financing of health care in the regions of the Central Federal district was carried out, and current trends and their causes were identified. It is established that at present there is a significant differentiation in the level of budget financing of the healthcare industry, which is also accompanied by a reduction in the volume of incoming financial resources in most regions. At the same time, the largest amount of budget expenditures falls on Moscow - 183.7 billion rubles, which is 53.4% of the total amount of healthcare funding in the Central Federal district and 19.3% in the Russian Federation as a whole. The second place is taken by the Moscow region, whose share in the total volume of industry financing in the Central Federal district in 2018 was 23.2%, and in the Russian Federation - 8.4%. Thus, the capital region accounts for about 76.6% of the total budget expenditures on healthcare in the Central Federal district.


Author(s):  
Daniel Troeltzsch ◽  
Seyd Shnayien ◽  
Robert Gaudin ◽  
Keno Bressem ◽  
Kilian Kreutzer ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND: Post-therapeutic tissue is bradytrophic and thus has low perfusion values in PCT. In contrast, malignant tissue is expected to show higher perfusion values as cancer growth partially depends on angiogenesis. OBJECTIVES: This prospective study investigates perfusion computed tomography (PCT) for the post-therapeutic detection of cancer in the head and neck region. METHODS: 85 patients underwent PCT for 1) initial work-up of head and neck cancer (HNC; n=22) or 2) for follow-up (n=63). Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed in confirmed tumour, a corresponding location of benign tissue, and reference tissue. Perfusion was calculated using a single input maximum slope algorithm. Statistical analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: PCT allowed significant differentiation of malignant tissue from post-therapeutic tissue after treatment for HNC (p=0.018). Significance was even greater after normalization of perfusion values (p=0.007). PCT allowed highly significant differentiation of HNC from reference tissue (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PCT provides significantly distinct perfusion values for malignant and benign as well as post-therapeutically altered tissue in the head and neck area, thus allowing differentiation of cancer from healthy tissue. Our results show that PCT in conjunction with a standard algorithm is a potentially powerful HNC diagnostic tool.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
V.O. Mineralova ◽  
◽  
A.I. Parfeniuk ◽  
O.I. Mineralov ◽  
◽  
...  

The results of researches of influence of raspberry plant varieties on the species composition of micromycetes in rhizospheric soil and on vegetative organs of plants in the conditions of organic production are given. The mycobiota of raspberry varieties Joan J and Himbo-Top during plant ontogenesis was analyzed and the species composition of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the rhizosphere and on plant leaves was established. It was found that the population is dominated by fungi of following species: Septoria rubi, West, Botrytis cinerea, Pers, Aspergillus niger, V. Tiegh, Alternaria alternata, (Fr.) Keissl., Fusarium graminearum, Schwabe, regardless of the phase of ontogenesis of plants that produce mycotoxins, and can cause disease in animals and humans. According to the results of research, it can be assumed that in the phase of inflorescence growth in the mycobiota of rhizospheric soil and on the vegetative organs of raspberry plants of Joan J and Himbo-Top the greatest competitiveness can be characterized by isolates of fungi Septoria rubi and Alternaria alternata. The obtained results indicate a significant differentiation of the studied varieties by the reaction of interaction between plants, microorganisms and the environment. Thus, while in the mycobiota of rhizospheric soil and vegetative organs of raspberry plants of the Joan J variety during intensive fruiting of plants the isolates of Aspergillus flavus fungi were characterized by the greatest competitiveness, in Himbo-Top cultivar the highest rates of radial growth were shown by isolates of Aspergillus oryzae and Alternaria alternata


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
, Suparni ◽  
, Musthari ◽  
Liza Mutia ◽  
Mangoloi Sinurat ◽  
Siti Syarifah ◽  
...  

Background: Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is known as the damage of liver cells due to chronic administrations of drug. The chronic administration of paracetamol could be trigger the damage of liver cells.The hepatoprotector agents are still limited worldwide.  Gambier(Uncaria gambir Roxb) is an Indonesia’traditional medicine which have many benefits as antioxidant, antiseptic, antidiarrhoea, etc  that commonly used in society.  Method: The present study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotector effect ofgambier in wistar rats induced by paracetamol.  The wistar rats were divided into seven groups and received the treatment orally for 12 days. Group I (aquadest), II(curcuma,400 mg/kgBW),III (gambier,26 mg/200gr), IV(gambier, 53 mg/200gr), V(gambier,106 mg/200gr),VI(gambier,212 mg/200gr) and VII(gambier,424mg/200gr). Termination, blood and liver organ collection were done after all group induced by paracetamol for two days. Histopatology changes of liver were examined using Hematoxycilline (HE) staining. AST and ALT levels were analyzed. Results: There were significant differentiation of AST levels among the groups, especially between group I and group IV and between group II and group IV. The ALT levels were statistically significant between group II and group V using Mann-Whitney test (p<0,05). In histopatology examination, there were significant differentiation between group I with another group, not only group II but also group III-VII (p<0,05). In the treatment group, group III and IV had been showed the improvement of liver cells damage than group I by using One-way Annova, post hoc Bonferroni (p<0,05). Conclusion: Uncaria gambir Roxb has hepatoprotector activity start at dose 53 mg/200grBWin rats.  The hepatoprotector activity was not superior than curcuma.  Keywords: hepatoprotector, Uncaria gambir Roxb, AST,ALT,histopatology


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