Features of Population Reproduction and Assessment of Demographic Security of the Republic of Khakassia in the Context of Siberian and All-Russian Trends in the Post-Soviet Period

The article compares the changes in the demographic situation in the Republic of Khakassia with the regional demographic development of the neighboring republics of Altai and Tyva, as well as Krasnoyarsk Krai against the background of Siberian and all-Russian trends for the period 1990–2020. A comparative analysis of the main indicators of population reproduction of these territories was carried out using the method of multi-regional demographic analysis of dynamic series based on Rosstat data. The conclusion is made about the decrease in the level of demographic security in recent years in the Republic of Khakassia, as well as the country as a whole, due first to a decrease in fertility, and then an increase in mortality against the background of the population ageing.

Inonotus obliquus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

A description is provided for Inonotus obliquus, which forms black circular or irregular brittle charcoal- or clinker-like crusts or conks, breaking out of bark on trunks of living trees, particularly Betula species. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Greenland, Armenia, China (Shanxi), India (Uttarakhand) Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan (Almaty, East Kazakhstan, Kostanay, West Kazakhstan), Mongolia, Nepal, Russia (Altai Krai, Amur Oblast, Kamchatka Krai, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Novosibirsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast, Primorsky Krai, Republic of Altai, Sakhalin Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Tyumen Oblast, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), Sri Lanka, Uzbekistan, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Arkhangelsk Oblast, Bryansk Oblast, Chuvash Republic, Ivanovo Oblast, Kaliningrad Oblast, Kaluga Oblast, Kirov Oblast, Komi Republic, Kostroma Oblast, Kursk Oblast, Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Murmansk Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Novgorod Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Pskov Oblast, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Karelia, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of Tatarstan, Smolensk Oblast, Tula Oblast, Tver Oblast, Udmurt Republic, Ulyanovsk Oblast, Vladimir Oblast, Vologda Oblast, Voronezh Oblast, Yaroslavl Oblast), Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon), USA (Alabama, Alaska, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin)) and hosts (Betula spp. and Alnus spp.).

Ethnic translation studies as a new translation boarderland / frontier

Статья посвящена анализу некоторых изменений, происходящих в предметном поле современного переводоведения и связанных с появлением новых объектов перевода на практике и их теоретического осмысления. Случаи расширения категориальной парадигмы науки о переводе рассматриваются в контексте основных социокультурных процессов (глобализации и глокализации), поскольку ключевыми объектами рассматриваемого неовида перевода являются этнотексты, принадлежащие культурам коренных народов Сибири. Этнотексты представляют собой традиционные хранилища культурной информации и памяти уникальных этносов, некоторые из которых испытывают значительное влияние унификации, что нередко приводит к нивелированию их культурных и языковых особенностей. В настоящем исследовании предпринята попытка использования для рассмотрения проблематики декодирования информации этнотекстов методологического инструмента, ставшего в последнее время популярным в гуманитарном дискурсе – фронтира. Символическое понимание фронтира применимо к обозначению и рассмотрению в научном (переводоведческом в данном исследовании) дискурсе встречи старого и нового, изученного и неизученного, понятного и непонятного, однозначного и неоднозначного. В зоне фронтира информационная энтропия возрастает, что требует её преодоления и что в конечном счете может обеспечить дальнейшее развитие науки о переводе. Ставшая в XXI веке актуальной проблематика перевода этнотекстов отнесена в настоящей работе к новой фронтирной зоне переводоведения, в рамках которого еще предстоит решить вопросы определения механизмов изучения текстов, созданных первоначально на языках коренных народов, в зеркале этноперевода. Выделение этнопереводовения как самостоятельной области переводоведения может способствовать созданию новых возможностей для знакомства представителей «других» культур мира с уникальными языками и культурами, некоторые из которых находятся под угрозой исчезновения. Другая важная задача этноперевода определяется в отношении его использования для ревитализации и потенциальному возрождению языков коренных народов Сибири, сохранению их культурной идентичности и обеспечению культурного и языкового разнообразия современного мира, что может стать положительным исходомтекущего процесса глокализации. Некоторые вопросы формирующегося в настоящий момент этнопереводоведения рассмотрены на примере опыта перевода этнотекстов коренных народов Красноярского края и Республики Саха (Якутия). The article is devoted to the analysis of some changes taking place in the subject field of modern Translation Studies and related to the emergence of new translation objects in practice and their theoretical consideration. The cases of the categorical paradigm of the science of translation expansion are discussed in the context of the main socio-cultural processes (globalization and glocalization), since the key objects of the considered neo-type of translation are ethnic texts belonging to the cultures of the indigenous peoples of Siberia. Ethnic texts are traditional repositories of cultural information and memory of unique ethnic groups, some of which are significantly influenced by unification, which often leads to the leveling of their cultural and linguistic characteristics. In this study, an attempt is made to use a methodological tool that has recently become popular in the humanitarian discourse to consider the problems of decoding information of ethnic texts – a frontier. The symbolic interpretation of a frontier is applicable to the designation and consideration in the scholarly (Translation Studies in the present research) discourse of the meeting of the old and the new, the studied and the unexplored, the understandable and the incomprehensible, the definite and the ambiguous. In the frontier zone, information entropy increases, which requires overcoming it and ultimately can ensure the further development of the science of translation. The problems of ethnic texts translation, which have become relevant in the 21st century, are attributed in the present paper to the new frontier zone of Translation Studies, within the framework of which the issues of determining the mechanisms for studying texts originally created in the languages of indigenous peoples in the mirror of ethnic translation have yet to be resolved. The identification of ethnic translation as an independent field of Translation Studies can contribute to the creation of new opportunities for “other” cultures of the world representatives to get acquainted with unique languages and cultures, some of which are endangered. Another important task of ethnic translation is defined in relation to its use for the revitalization and potential revival of the languages of the indigenous peoples of Siberia, the preservation of their cultural identity and ensuring the cultural and linguistic diversity of the modern world, which can become a positive outcome of the current glocalization process. Some issues of the currently emerging Ethnic Translation Studies are considered on the example of the experience of translating the ethnic texts of the indigenous peoples of Krasnoyarsk Krai and the Sakha Republic (Yakutia).

Features of absorbed radiation doses calculation for cattle’s in Krasnoyarsk krai

The article provides an adapted methodology of absorbed dose calculation for the cattle from the territories with long-term man-made contamination. The methodology was developed according to existing regulatory documents in the RF: veterinarian rules VR 13.73.13/12-00, VR 13.5.13/03-00, methodical instructions MI 13.5.13-00, regulation for the state veterinarian control system in radioactive contamination of veterinary surveillance objects in the Russian Federation. The aim of the work is the development of calculation methodology of absorbed radiation doses for the cattle on the territory with long-term man-made isotopes contamination, taking to the account the radionuclide composition of the soil. Methods. The regulatory documents governing absorbed doses calculation has been analyzed; the contribution of external and internal radiation into total annual absorbed dose has been determined. Results. It has been established, that the calculation of external radiation dose needs to be done considering doses in stable and pasture periods. Pasture period dose is a sum of day and night doses considering day length. According to the data of radio ecological situation in Krasnoyarsk krai the internal radiation dose should be calculated as a sum of 137Cs, 90Sr, 60Co, taking to the account different concentration of these radionuclides in green and coarse fodder. Scientific novelty. The methodology of dose calculation for the cattle according to the radio ecological situation in Krasnoyarsk krai has been introduced for the first time. Practical significance. This methodology is recommended for the specialists of radiological departments of veterinarian laboratories and science officers in the field of agricultural radiobiology.

Attribution of the spatial heterogeneity of Arctic surface albedo feedback to the dynamics of vegetation, snow and soil properties and their interactions

The Arctic warming rate is triple the global average, which is partially caused by surface albedo feedback (SAF). Understanding the varying pattern of SAF and the mechanisms is therefore critical for predicting future Arctic climate under anthropogenic warming. To date, however, how the spatial pattern of seasonal SAF is influenced by various land surface factors remains unclear. Here, we aim to quantify the strengths of seasonal SAF across the Arctic and to attribute its spatial heterogeneity to the dynamics of vegetation, snow and soil as well as their interactions. The results show a large positive SAF above -5%·K-1 across Baffin Island in January and eastern Yakutia in June, while a large negative SAF beyond 5%·K-1 is observed in Canada, Chukotka and low latitudes of Greenland in January and Nunavut, Baffin Island and Krasnoyarsk Krai in July. Overall, a great spatial heterogeneity of Arctic land warming induced by positive SAF is found with a coefficient of variation (CV) larger than 61.5%, and the largest spatial difference is detected in wintertime with a CV > 643.9%. Based on the optimal parameter-based geographic detector model, the impacts of snow cover fraction (SCF), land cover type (LC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil water content (SW), soil substrate chemistry (SC) and soil type (ST) on the spatial pattern of positive SAF are quantified. The rank of determinant power is SCF > LC > NDVI > SW > SC > ST, which indicates that the spatial patterns of snow cover, land cover and vegetation coverage dominate the spatial heterogeneity of positive SAF in the Arctic. The interactions between SCF, LC and SW exert further influences on the spatial pattern of positive SAF in March, June and July. This work could provide a deeper understanding of how various land factors contribute to the spatial heterogeneity of Arctic land warming at the annual cycle.

Reindeer Tracking Technologies in the Russian Federation

Currently, reindeer husbandry actively uses tracking technologies to identify animals. They allow solving the problems of breeding and zootechnical accounting, tracking the movement of animals between herds, and carrying out antiepizootic measures. The electronic databases with individual characteristics of reindeer formed in this process allow speeding up the breeding process, organising breeding work in rein-deer breeding, improving the breed and regulating the herd. Keeping an electronic “registration” of calves to their mothers gives the possibility of system functioning of cross-breeding estimation of animals that will undoubtedly increase both productivity and economic efficiency of reindeer breeding as a whole. This article addresses an issue related to reindeer tracking technologies. Attention is paid to radio tracking and satellite tracking techniques. The use of modern methods of chipping animals is considered on the example of various territories of the Russian Federation: the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Trans-Baikal Krai, the Murmansk Oblast, the Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Republic of Karelia, the Arkhangelsk Oblast. The work carried out on deer chipping is considered for various time periods, during which monitoring, programs, projects and other large-scale studies of animal movement paths were carried out. The resulting data can then be processed using mathematical tools, after which conclusions can be drawn about the impact of the environment on reindeer migration routes.

Translation in the Context of Preserving Languages and Cultures of the Siberian Indigenous Population

In this article weve focused on the topical problem of preserving the languages and cultures of indigenous peoples of Siberia, which can be solved through the translation of ethnic texts (as an important category of Siberian texts) into Russian and other languages, and translation of texts of great cultural and religious significance from Russian and other languages into languages of Siberian peoples. We aim to study initiatives of individual scholars and enthusiasts who have been translating both strong texts from indigenous languages of Siberian peoples and strong texts of Russian literature (mostly religious ones) into these languages. The ethnic literature of the peoples of the Krasnoyarsk Krai is considered in historical and comparative perspective, taking into account the national and cultural conditions of these peoples. The conclusion concerns the importance of ethnic translation with the cultural information and memory as the key unit of translation and the saving of the unique languages and cultures of Siberia as its main task.

Displacement of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation neighboring with Yakutia: history and modernity

The subject of this research is displacement of the indigenous small-numbered peoples in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation neighboring with Yakutia. The object is the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North residing in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, Zabaykalsky Krai, Amur Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Oblast, and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. These constituent entities of the Russian Federation have contiguous territories with the Sakha Republic. The author examines the displacement and size of the indigenous population of the regions of the Russian Federation neighboring with Yakutia. Special attention is given to clarification of the places of traditional dwelling of the indigenous small-numbered peoples in the aforementioned regions of the Russian Federation. It is established that the following ethnic groups reside in the territory contiguous to Yakutia: Dolgans, Evenks, Evens, Yukaghirs and Chukchi. The areas of residence of the listed ethnic groups border with the areas of settlement of the corresponding indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North in the territory of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The author’s special contribution lies in the analysis of displacement and size of the indigenous population in the regions of the Russian Federation neighboring with Yakutia on the local level. The novelty of consists in the territorial analysis of the places of traditional dwelling of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North.

Ganoderma applanatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

A description is provided for Ganoderma applanatum. Sporophores of this fungus are found on both living and dead trees, where the fungus causes a decay of heartwood resulting in a white soft spongy heart and butt rot. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Angola, Benin, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique, São Tomé and Principe, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo), Asia (Azerbaijan, Brunei Darussalam, China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Christmas Island, Cyprus, Georgia, India (Assam, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan (Almaty, East Kazakhstan, Kostanay, South Kazakhstan), Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia (Altai Krai, Altai Republic, Irkutsk Oblast, Kamchatka Krai, Kemerovo Oblast, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Novosibirsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast, Primorsky Krai, Sakha Republic, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Tyumen Oblast, YamaloNenets Autonomous Okrug), Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam), Australasia (Australia (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia), New Zealand), Caribbean (American Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago), Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama. Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Russia (Arkhangelsk Oblast, Belgorod Oblast, Bryansk Oblast, Chuvash Republic, Ivanovo Oblast, Kaliningrad Oblast, Kaluga Oblast, Kirov Oblast, Kostroma Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, Kursk Oblast, Leningrad Oblast, Mari El Republic, Moscow Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Oryol Oblast, Penza Oblast, Perm Krai, Pskov Oblast, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Tatarstan, Samara Oblast, Smolensk Oblast, Tula Oblast, Tver Oblast, Udmurt Republic, Vladimir Oblast, Vologda Oblast, Voronezh Oblast, Yaroslavl Oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK), Indian Ocean (Seychelles. North America: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan), Mexico, USA (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming)), Pacific Ocean (American Samoa, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, Samoa, Tuvalu, USA (Hawaii)), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela)).

Ethnolinguistic identity of the Dolgans of Taymyr (based on the results of sociological study)

Ethnic language is the crucial component of national culture of the ethnic group, as it is simultaneously the prerequisite and the condition for the existence of ethnos. The subject of this research is the ethnolinguistic consciousness and ethnic identity of the Dolgans of Taymyr. The article examines the choice of language as native, the level of linguistic competence, the scope of use of the Dolgan language, the command of other regional languages, the questions of linguistic continuity, and other processes that reveal the dynamics of ethnolinguistic self-consciousness. The article provides the results of field research conducted in 2021in Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, including in the settlements Khatanga and Popigai, which are the place of compact residence of Dolgan people. Based on the results of quantitative and qualitative sociological studies, as well as the analysis of modern scientific research, the conclusion is drawn on the leading positions of native language as the crucial ethnic identifier, and stable position of the Dolgan language as the master language of communication in these localities. The development and sustainability of the traditional way of life, spheres of employment, and traditional culture of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North is the major institutional barrier for the linguistic shift that entails the loss of ethnic languages. The education system in native languages of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North along with the sociocultural sphere are also the key factors for preservation of native languages, traditional way of life, and unique cultural values of the Dolgans of Taymyr.