Stem Cells And Connective Tissues

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Miroslav Holub
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Connective Tissues

scholarly journals TGIF1 Gene Silencing in Tendon-Derived Stem Cells Improves the Tendon-to-Bone Insertion Site Regeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 2101-2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyang Chen ◽  
Chaoyin Jiang ◽  
Shashi Ranjan Tiwari ◽  
Amrit Shrestha ◽  
Pengcheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Expression Rate ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Derivatives Of

Background/Aims: The slow healing process of tendon-to-bone junctions can be accelerated via implanted tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) with silenced transforming growth interacting factor 1 (TGIF1) gene. Tendon-to-bone insertion site is the special form of connective tissues derivatives of common connective progenitors, where TGF-β plays bidirectional effects (chondrogenic or fibrogenic) through different signaling pathways at different stages. A recent study revealed that TGF-β directly induces the chondrogenic gene Sox9. However, TGIF1 represses the expression of the cartilage master Sox9 gene and changes its expression rate against the fibrogenesis gene Scleraxis (Scx). Methods: TGIF1 siRNA was transduced or TGIF1 was over-expressed in tendon-derived stem cells. Following suprapinatus tendon repair, rats were either treated with transduced TDSCs or nontransduced TDSCs. Histologic examination and Western blot were performed in both groups. Results: In this study, the silencing of TGIF1 significantly upregulated the chondrogenic genes and markers. Similarly, TGIF1 inhibited TDSC differentiation into cartilage via interactions with TGF-β-activated Smad2 and suppressed the phosphorylation of Smad2. The area of fibrocartilage at the tendon-bone interface was significantly increased in the TGIF1 (-) group compared with the control and TGIF1-overexpressing groups in the early stages of the animal model. The interface between the tendon and bone showed a increase of new bone and fibrocartilage in the TGIF1 (-) group at 4 weeks. Fibrovascular scar tissue was observed in the TGIF1-overexpressing group and the fibrin glue only group. Low levels of fibrocartilage and fibrovascular scar tissue were found in the TDSCs group. Conclusion: Collectively, this study shows that the tendon-derived stem cell modified with TGIF1 gene silencing has promising effects on tendon-to-bone healing which can be further explored as a therapeutic tool in regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Human reserve pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells are present in the connective tissues of skeletal muscle and dermis derived from fetal, adult, and geriatric donors

2001 ◽  
Vol 264 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry E. Young ◽  
Timothy A. Steele ◽  
Robert A. Bray ◽  
John Hudson ◽  
Julie A. Floyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Connective Tissues

scholarly journals OBESITY AND OSTEOPOROSIS-CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ADIPOSE TISSUE AND BONE.

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1834-1838
Author(s):  
Joanna Głogowska-Szeląg ◽  
Marta Szeląg ◽  
Mateusz Stolecki ◽  
Marek Kudła
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Osseous Tissue ◽  
Hormonal Activity ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Common Opinion ◽  
The Common

The adipose and osseous tissue, although both derived from the connective tissues, perform different functions. In the common opinion, obesity might be a protective factor against bone loss and osteoporosis. The adipose tissue is a recognized major endocrine organ, producing a number of active biological substances, which affect the bone mass. Adipocyte and osteoblast are derived from the same mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore abnormal secretion of adipocytokines may play an important role not only in pathogenesis of the obesity, but also can influence the bone . It is supposed that obesity might have a protective effect on bone tissue in postmenopausal women, by increasing the load on the axial skeleton and because of its hormonal activity.

scholarly journals An activating mutation in Pdgfrb causes skeletal stem cell defects with osteopenia and overgrowth in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae Ryong Kwon ◽  
Jang H. Kim ◽  
John P. Woods ◽  
Lorin E. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Activating Mutation ◽  
Skeletal Stem Cell

AbstractAutosomal dominant PDGFRβ gain-of-function mutations in mice and humans cause a spectrum of wasting and overgrowth disorders afflicting the skeleton and other connective tissues, but the cellular origin of these disorders remains unknown. We demonstrate that skeletal stem cells (SSCs) isolated from mice with a gain-of-function D849V point mutation in PDGFRβ exhibit SSC colony formation defects that parallel the wasting or overgrowth phenotypes of the mice. Single-cell RNA transcriptomics with the SSC colonies demonstrates alterations in osteoblast and chondrocyte precursors caused by PDGFRβD849V. Mutant SSC colonies undergo poor osteogenesis in vitro and mice with PDGFRβD849V exhibit osteopenia. Increased expression of Sox9 and other chondrogenic markers occurs in SSC colonies from mice with PDGFRβD849V. Increased STAT5 phosphorylation and overexpression of Igf1 and Socs2 in PDGFRβD849V SSCs suggests that overgrowth in mice involves PDGFRβD849V activating the STAT5-IGF1 axis locally in the skeleton. Our study establishes that PDGFRβD849V causes osteopenic skeletal phenotypes that are associated with intrinsic changes in SSCs, promoting chondrogenesis over osteogenesis.

Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of in Situ Enzymatically Cross-Linked Gelatin Hydrogels

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Z. Alarake ◽  
Patrick Frohberg ◽  
Thomas Groth ◽  
Markus Pietzsch
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Injectable Hydrogels ◽  
Cross Linker

Objectives Gelatin, a degraded collagen, has been widely used as a scaffolding material in tissue engineering applications. In this work, we aimed at the development of in situ, cross-linking, cytocompatible hydrogels by the use of transglutaminase as a cross-linker for potential application in the regeneration of tissues. Methods Hydrogels were prepared from gelatin of different concentrations and bloom degree (175 (G175) or 300 (G300) bloom gelatin) and cross-linked with various amounts of microbial transglutaminase (mTG) at 37°C. Mechanical properties and cross-linking degree were studied by rheology and swelling experiments. Four hydrogels with different stiffness were selected for studies with embedded human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Results Hydrogels were obtained with storage modulus (G’) values between 11 (±1) Pa and 1,800 (±200) Pa with gelation times between 80 (±6) and 450 (±36) seconds. G300 cross-linked gelatin hydrogels displayed higher gel stiffness, lower swelling ratio and gelled more rapidly compared to the hydrogels prepared from G175. Stiffer hydrogels (50 and 200 Pa) showed greater ability to support the proliferation of hASCs than softer ones (11 and 30 Pa). The highest cell proliferation was observed with a hydrogel of 200 Pa modulus. Conclusions Overall, transglutaminase cross-linked gelatin hydrogels might be suitable as injectable hydrogels for the engineering of musculoskeletal and other types of connective tissues.

Mesenchymal stem cells reside within the connective tissues of many organs

1995 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Young ◽  
M. L. Mancini ◽  
R. P. Wright ◽  
J. C. Smith ◽  
A. C. Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Connective Tissues

A simulation model for stem cells differentiation into specialized cells of non-connective tissues

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Pisu ◽  
Alessandro Concas ◽  
Sarah Fadda ◽  
Alberto Cincotti ◽  
Giacomo Cao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Connective Tissues

scholarly journals Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Arthroscopic Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Claude T Moorman ◽  
Kwadwo A Owusu-Akyaw ◽  
Jonathan Godin ◽  
Stefano Pecchia ◽  
Alexander Oldweiler
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Graft Harvest ◽  
Multipotent Cells

ABSTRACT Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with potential reparative properties for connective tissues, such as articular cartilage. The Lipogems adipose graft harvest system is a relatively novel technique for harvesting adipose-derived MSCs and may be utilized in conjunction with various orthopaedic sports medicine procedures. Owusu-Akyaw KA, Godin J, Pecchia S, Oldweiler A, Moorman CT. Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Arthroscopic Surgery. The Duke Orthop J 2017;7(1):34-38.

Banded Structures in the Connective Tissue of Meningioma

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
C. N. Sun ◽  
H. J. White
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Native Collagen ◽  
Routine Procedures

Previously, we have reported on extracellular cross-striated banded structures in human connective tissues of a variety of organs (1). Since then, more material has been examined and other techniques applied. Recently, we studied a fibrocytic meningioma of the falx. After the specimen was fixed in 4% buffered glutaraldehyde and post-fixed in 1% buffered osmium tetroxide, other routine procedures were followed for embedding in Epon 812. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. There were numerous cross striated banded structures in aggregated bundle forms found in the connecfive tissue of the tumor. The banded material has a periodicity of about 450 Å and where it assumes a filamentous arrangement, appears to be about 800 Å in diameter. In comparison with the vicinal native collagen fibrils, the banded material Is sometimes about twice the diameter of native collagen.

Relationships between hierarchical structure and properties in macromolecular systems

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
E. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Uniaxial Tension ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Fibrous Protein ◽  
Macromolecular Systems

The most advanced macromolecular materials are found in plants and animals, and certainly the connective tissues in mammals are amongst the most advanced macromolecular composites known to mankind. The efficient use of collagen, a fibrous protein, in the design of both soft and hard connective tissues is worthy of comment. Very crudely, in bone collagen serves as a highly efficient binder for the inorganic hydroxyappatite which stiffens the structure. The interactions between the organic fiber of collagen and the inorganic material seem to occur at the nano (scale) level of organization. Epitatic crystallization of the inorganic phase on the fibers has been reported to give a highly anisotropic, stress responsive, structure. Soft connective tissues also have sophisticated oriented hierarchical structures. The collagen fibers are “glued” together by a highly hydrated gel-like proteoglycan matrix. One of the simplest structures of this type is tendon which functions primarily in uniaxial tension as a reinforced elastomeric cable between muscle and bone.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document