Transdermal estrogen therapy and the risk of breast cancer: a clinical appraisal

Author(s):  
M. Notelovitz
2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4389-4397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Decensi ◽  
Bernardo Bonanni ◽  
Laura Baglietto ◽  
Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga ◽  
Francesca Ramazzotto ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
John L. Swedo ◽  
R. W. Talley ◽  
John H. L. Watson

Since the report, which described the ultrastructure of a metastatic nodule of human breast cancer after estrogen therapy, additional ultrastructural observations, including some which are correlative with pertinent findings in the literature concerning mycoplasmas, have been recorded concerning the same subject. Specimen preparation was identical to that in.The mitochondria possessed few cristae, and were deteriorated and vacuolated. They often contained particulates and fibrous structures, sometimes arranged in spindle-shaped bundles, Fig. 1. Another apparent aberration was the occurrence, Fig. 2 (arrows) of linear profiles of what seems to be SER, which lie between layers of RER, and are often recognizably continuous with them.It was noted that the structure of the round bodies, interpreted as within autophagic vacuoles in the previous communication, and of vesicular bodies, described morphologically closely resembled those of some mycoplasmas. Specifically, they simulated or reflected the various stages of replication reported for mycoplasmas grown on solid nutrient. Based on this observation, they are referred to here as “mycoplasma-like” structures, in anticipation of confirmatory evidence from investigations now in progress.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1191-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Ettinger ◽  
Charles Quesenberry ◽  
David A. Schroeder ◽  
Gary Friedman

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kenigsberg ◽  
Sadana Balachandar ◽  
Kris Prasad ◽  
Bina Shah

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Md. Niuz Morshed Khan ◽  
Maidul Islam

AbstractAmong all cancers, breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women and the second most common cancer overall, both in the developed and less developed country. It is a matter of concern worldwide, that there is no effective drug is available for cancer treatment. Although, Surgery, radiation, hormonal (anti-estrogen) therapy, and chemotherapy are being used for treatment of breast cancer in recent years, due to life threatening side effects, these treatment approaches becoming more vulnerable. However, researchers from across the world searching a safe and effective treatment approach that can be a breakthrough for this situation, as it is evident that natural compounds like shikonin from Lithospermum erythrorhizon can fight against aggressiveness of breast cancer by regulating apoptosis, necroptosis and estrogen receptor signaling pathway. In this review, we discussed about potential green chemical compounds with their mechanisms of actions, which can be very effective treatment regimen for breast cancer and can be more potent by their proper modifications and further molecular research. Hopefully in future, research focusing on the “shikonin” will open a new door for increasing the survival rate of breast cancer patients as well as cancer cure.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
Diana Nguyen ◽  
Ghader Jamjoum ◽  
Ari N. Meguerditchian

90 Background: Treatment-related infertility is an important cause of distress in young women with breast cancer (YWBC) that is preventable by fertility preservation (FP) prior to initiating therapy. This study assesses FP service use by YWBC in Quebec (Canada). Methods: Administrative claims for women ≤ 40 diagnosed between 01-04-2012 and 31-03-2018 were identified using Quebec’s universal health services database (RAMQ). Access to and use of FP services were ascertained by identifying claims for a visit with an obstetrician/gynecologist (OB/GYN) ≤ 90 days of diagnosis, followed by claims for ovarian stimulation, ovule harvesting or artificial insemination. Patient, disease and treatment-related predictors were estimated using logistic regression. Results: 1 616 YWBC were treated. Mean age was 36 (SD 4.1), 72.1% had a CCI = 0, 84.5% were urban residents, and 72.2% experienced some form of socioeconomical disadvantages. Stage distribution was: 0.93%, 68.8, and 30.3% for stages 0, 1-2, and 3 respectively. 53.0% had a mastectomy, 40.8% received chemotherapy (CT), 70.7% received radiotherapy, 20.9% initiated anti-estrogen therapy. 387 YWBC consulted an OB/GYN within 90 days of diagnosis and 155 subsequently received FP services. Predictors associated with FP use included: decreased age (OR= 0.82, 95CI = 0.79-0.86), type of surgery (OR = 0.46, CI = 0.22-0.97), social isolation (OR =1.39, 95CI = 0.99-1.96) and receipt of chemotherapy (OR = 1.74, 95CI = 1.10-2.76). Conclusions: Only 23.9% of eligible YWBC in Quebec accessed FP specialists. Of these, 40.1% chose to move forward with FP. These findings raise important questions on how to optimize access to FP expertise. [Table: see text]


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13027-e13027
Author(s):  
Parva Purohit ◽  
Pathik Brahmkshatriya ◽  
Vishalgiri Goswami

e13027 Background: Fulvestrant, a potent, selective estrogen receptor degrader, is a primary drug of choice for treating advanced metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women following anti-estrogen therapy. However, the existing therapy limits to inconvenient intramuscular injections due to low solubility, weak permeation, high metabolism, and poor pharmacokinetics profile. Additionally, it takes 30 days to reach maximal steady-state plasma concentration, limiting clinical efficacy. To overcome these issues, we modulated physicochemical properties of fulvestrant, enabling its oral delivery to improve bioavailability. Methods: Structurally diverse pro-moieties were appended on fulvestrant to improve solubility and ADME profile. Thermodynamic solubility, plasma/liver microsomal stability, and Caco-2 permeability studies were performed to identify lead molecules. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed for selected molecules in mice. Antitumor activity of once-daily oral dose of three molecules was evaluated in female nude mice using the MCF-7 xenograft model. The efficacy of lead molecules was compared with subcutaneously administered faslodex in terms of percentage tumor growth inhibition. Results: Several prodrugs of fulvestrant were synthesized and evaluated for their intrinsic properties suitable for increasing bioavailability of fulvestrant. Remarkable improvements (̃500 to 2000-fold increase) were achieved in solubility and permeability. The PoC established an increase in systemic plasma exposure of fulvestrant upon oral administration of prodrugs in mice with enhanced bioavailability (1.5-8.7-fold) as compared to fulvestrant given subcutaneously (Table). Herewith, we report the identification of KSHN001022, KSHN001075, and KSHN001126, the prodrugs of fulvestrant, which showed enhanced efficacy with better tumor volume reduction (̃48-88% regression in tumor volume) as compared to that of fulvestrant (78%) in the estrogen-dependent MCF-7 xenograft model. Conclusions: KSHN001 lead candidates demonstrated significantly higher bioavailability, hence, provides a novel strategy to deliver fulvestrant orally to pursue the potential benefits in patients with advanced metastatic disease.[Table: see text]


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