Preparation and quality evaluation of carbonated guava fruit drinks produced from BARI Payera-4

The present study was conducted with the objective of utilizing new varieties of guava (BAARI Payera-4) fruit in the production of carbonated drinks and also evaluation of different properties such as physico-chemical and sensory characteristics with respect to the different guava juice concentrations (10%, 15%, and 20% of juice) and TSS (10°, 12° and 15° Brix), respectively. This variety is selected for the preparation of carbonated fruit drinks because of its refreshing acidic taste, seedless with good keeping quality and also delicious fruit with good aroma. The extracted fruit juice subjected to carbonation. The physicochemical factors such as viscosity, TSS, acidity, pH, color, ascorbic acid, volume of CO2 and sugars were studied and the changes were observed. The sensory evaluation study was done with hedonic scale to find the best combination of juice concentration and TSS. The obtained results of physiochemical parameters showed that guava juice level at 20% with 12°Bx (Sample T6) had received highest ascorbic acid 28.87 mg/100g, high acidity 0.51%, high color value ΔE 4.60 and highest volume of CO2. Data also revealed that sample T6 found to be superior among all with respect to sensory qualities such as color, flavor, appearance, taste and overall acceptability. In conclusion, the overall assessment pointed that the resulting carbonated drinks developed from BARI Payera-4, sample T6 was best for all physicochemical characteristics and, in general, resulted in good sensory behavior, indicating that it could be a promising alternative to synthetic soft drinks.

Evaluation of Country Bean Germplasm Collected from Patuakhali Region

The experiment was conducted at Regional Horticulture Research Station, Lebukhali, Patuakhali and were evaluated the genotypic performance like yield and yield traits of seventeen (17) country bean genotypes collected from Patuakhali region. In this area, country bean yield is very low, that why we need to identify high yielding country bean genotypes in Patuakhali region. The experiment was laid out in an augmented block design. Seventeen country bean lines viz., LPPK001 to LPPK017 and four check variety viz., BARI Sheem-1, 6, 7 and IPSA Sheem-2 were used for this trial. A lot of variability was observed such as plant height, pod length, pod breadth, pod weight, No. of pod plant-1, yield plant-1, 100 seed weight and yield. The pod length ranged from 20.4-7.62 cm, pod breadth range from 4.83-1.41 cm and pod weight ranged from 13.28-5.08g. The longest pod (20.4 cm), maximum pod breadth (4.83cm) and the premier pod weight (13.28 gm) were found in BARI Sheem 6, LPPK012 and LPPK002 respectively. The highest yield (18.73 t/ha) obtained from the line LPPK016 and minimum in the line LPPK 003 (5.43 t/ha). Among the 17 tested lines and 4 checks; 15 were green in colour, and IPSA Sheem 2 was light green, LPPK011 was purple green and LPPK001 and LPPK014 were creamy- white in colour. The wide variations in phenotypic level among the genotypes LPPK001, LPPK005, LPPK015, LPPK016, and BARI Sheem 7 can be potentially used for more production in Patuakhali region, ultimately it will increase the farmers’ incomes level.

Management Practices for Whitefly and Thrips in Mungbean

This experiment was conducted at the central farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, [23.740 N latitude and 90.350 E longitude] Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period of March to May, 2014 to study the Whitefly and Thrips pest incidence in mungbean and their management practices BARI Mung-5 was used as the test crop for this experiment. The experiment consists of the following treatments: T1: Nitro 505EC (Chloropyrifos+Cypermethrin) @ 2 ml/L of water at 10 days interval; T2: Casper 5 SG (Emamectin Benzoate) @ 2gm/L; T3: Voliam Flexi (Thiamethoxam+Chlorantraniliprole) @ 0.25 ml/L; T4: Tapnor 40 EC (Dimethoate) @ 2.0 ml/L; T5: Allion 2.5 EC (Lamda-Cyhalothrin) @; T6: Admire 200SL (Imidachorpid) @ 0.25 ml/Land T7: Control. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The lowest number of whitefly infestation per plant in the vegetative stage (4.18) and reproductive stage (2.13) was recorded from T6 treatment, whereas the highest (14.44) and (8.10) was recorded from T7 treatment in respective stage. Thrips infestation was higher (6.32) per 5 flower was recorded from T7 treatment whereas lower infestation (1.88) per 10 flower was recorded from T6. The lowest yield per hectare (1.27 ton) was found in T7 and lowest benefit cost ratio (4.16) was found in T5 whereas highest yield per hectare (1.53 ton) was found in T6 and highest benefit cost ratio (12.81) was found in T3 treatment. Among the management practices for controlling whitefly and thrips of mungbean Admire 200SL @ 0.25 ml/L of water was more effective which was followed by Voliam Flexi (Thiamethoxam+Chlorantraniliprole) @ 0.25 ml/L of water Farmers should use Admire 200SL(Imidachorpid) @ 0.25 ml/L of water at 10 days interval for controlling whitefly and thrips in mungbean.

Influence of barley, corn and rice flour on physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of gluten-free bread

People suffering from the celiac disease have to apply a strict gluten-free diet because this is the only effective management. Nowadays, the increasing incidence of celiac disease promotes worldwide interests for various desirable gluten free products. As a consequence, food processing researchers have been seeking to develop high-quality gluten-free bread. Cereals having gluten such as wheat must be removed from the diet for the clinical and histological improvement. So, the purpose of this study was to determine the physical, chemical and sensory properties of gluten-free bread produced with barley (T1), corn (T2) and rice (T3) flours instead of wheat flour, using the 1.5 % xanthan gum. The chemical and sensory attributes of bread were evaluated by AOAC method and hedonic test, respectively. Obtained results showed that sample T3 had the highest contents of crude protein (7.94%), ash (2.51%) and carbohydrate (78.31%) as compared to other samples, while fat was lower (2.01%). Regarding moisture, breads prepared with the three different flours were not statistically different at the significance level of p<0.05. However, they differed significantly regarding the specific volume and bake loss. Data also revealed that gluten-free bread, treatment T3 presented the best parameters, being preferred by the sensory evaluation panel, followed by treatment T1 and T2. The overall assessment pointed that the resulting breads treatment T3 was best for all physico-chemical characteristics and, in general, resulted in good sensory behavior, indicating that it could be a promising alternative to wheat flour.

Proximate Composition and Microbial level Estimation of some selected roasted/fried food items sold along Nigeria roadsides

The objective of this study was to determine the proximate and microbiological compositions of some food samples obtained at three different locations within Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria from different local food vendors. The highest mean carbohydrate, crude protein, fat, moisture, total ash and crude fibre are 88.10 ±0.79% (Roasted Yam), 17.76 ±2.29% (Roasted Fish), 20.54 ±4.0% (Suya Meat), 20.27 ±11.43% (Roasted Plantain), 4.57 ±0.10% (as in Suya Meat) and 5.07 ±0.69 (Roasted Plantain) respectively while the lowest mean carbohydrate, crude protein, fat, moisture, total ash and crude fibre are 49.14 ±1.37% (as in Fried Bean Cake), 0.08 ±0.01% (Roasted Yam), 0.47 ±0.05% (Roasted Yam), 1.81 ±0.33 (Roasted Fish), 1.37 ±0.12 (Doughnut) and 0.16 ±0.06% (Fried Bean Cake) for all the samples estimated. The highest mean heterotropic bacteria and fungi counts are 6.19× 103 cfu/ml (Roasted Yam) and 3.30× 103 cfu/ml (Fried Bean Cake) respectively while the lowest mean heterotropic bacteria and fungi counts are 1.64× 103 cfu/ml (Doughnut) and 1.08× 103 cfu/ml (Roasted Plantain) respectively. These food samples were shown to contain certain level of proximate parameters but these are not sufficient for nutritional requirements in human diet. Increasing the shelf-life of foods is one of the major purposes in food processing. Processes which precede food processing causes loss of essential vitamins and minerals. Also, roasted foods sold along Nigerian road-sides are exposed to dust accumulation and wastes from automobile exhaust.

Waste Reduction by Improved Quality Control And Hadzad Analysis And Critical Control Point (HACCP) Implementation: A Case Study From Edfina Company For Presrved Foods, Alexandria, Egypt

Under the Under the project Support for Environmental Assessment and Management (SEAM), This project is being implemented by Reduction of Milk Losses at Miser Company for Dairy and Food, Mansoura, Egypt. It was implemented under the National Industrial Pollution Prevention Programmers (NIPPP). NIPPP focuses on the introduction and promotion of low-cost improvement measures, which can be easily and quickly implemented by factories. It also emphasizes the importance of economic benefits of any such intervention, particularly those with short pay-back periods. A summary of how these improvements were identified and the underlying problems solved, follows. Waste minimization through improved quality control procedures was implemented at Edfina Company for Preserved Foods, Alexandria, Egypt. A number of interventions costing LE 65,200 (Egyptian Pound) have yielded annual savings of LE 382,622. Quality control training and the implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system will lead to improved product quality and further savings. Although it is difficult to quantify at this stage further savings of LE 550,000 could be expected in the short term.

Analysis of Pork Adulteration In Recycled Frying Oils Using Raman Spectroscopy

Unscrupulous food business operators may use recycled frying oil to save costs. Of particular concern is the recycled frying oil is usually taken from nonhalal food premises which should not be used by halal food premises, and indeed may posing health treats to consumers. Hence, the objective of this paper is to analyse pork adulteration in recycled frying oils by using the combination of Raman spectroscopy and Principal Co mponent Analysis (PCA). Samples of frying oils from homemade fried pork, fried chicken, fried fish and fried banana were analyzed. Spiked samples were prepared by adding frying oil from homemade fried pork ranging from 10% to 50% (v/v) to frying oils from homemade fried chicken, fried fish and fried banana. The results found that Raman spectroscopy and PCA are able to differentiate adulterated frying oil and unadulterated frying oils. However, it could not distinguis h the percentage of pork adulteration in the spiked samples. This method would beneficial to ensure food integrity in the frying oils.

Comparative Studies Of Three Formulated Artificial Litchi Flavored Drinks Under Storage

The aim to the present study was to formulate of artificial litchi flavored drinks, to assess quality parameters like pH, acidity, TSS and sensory characteristics of three formulated artificial litchi flavored drinks were investigated under 28 days of storage at ambient (30±2°C) temperature. The pH values for all samples varied from 3.53 to 3.65 under the entire storage duration. The acidity found in three different samples ranged from 0.155 to 0.161% under storage condition. The TSS possess among the samples between 15.43 to 16.10° Brix. The sensory profile of three different formulation was evaluated in terms of color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability. The sensory parameters were followed the decreasing trend after end of the storage except sample 3. Although, initially sample 3 found in lowest sensory acceptance but retained the more stable score under the entire storage period which is significantly different (P≤0.05) from other samples. Considering pH, acidity, TSS values under entire storage condition the formulation of sample 3 had shown better results although with few exceptions there was no significant difference (P≤0.05) among the samples. However, end of the study we recommended that, the formulation of sample 3 had better among other sample 1 and sample 2 in terms of quality and cost.

Effect of different organic manures and fertilizers on growth and yield of knol-khol (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.)

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different manures and fertilizers on the growth and yield of knol-khol (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) at Dr. Purnendu Gain Field Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna from November 2014 to February 2015. The single factor experiment comprised of different types of fertilizers and manures viz., T0 (Control), T1 (Recommended doses of NPK), T2 (Cow dung), T3 (Vermicompost), T4 (Poultry manure), T5 (50 % Cow dung + 50 % NPK), T6 (50% Vermicompost + 50% Cow dung), T7 (50% Vermicompost + 50 % Poultry manure) and T8 (25% Cow dung+ 25% Vermicompost+ 25% Poultry manure + 25% NPK). The Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The maximum plant height was obtained from the treatment T1 at 25, 35 and 45 Days after transplanting (DAT). The maximum spread of canopy was 36.75 cm, 52.50 cm and 66.05 cm from the treatment T3, T7 and T2, respectively. The maximum economic yield (21.92 t/ha) and biological yield (40.083 t/ha) were found in the treatment T1 and T7, respectively. Highest benefit cost ratio (3.07) was obtained from the treatment T1whilethe minimum (0.57) was obtained from T3 which indicates that high cost of vermicompost affect net return severely. Although, T1 produced maximum benefit cost ratio, the treatment T4 and T2 are very close to T1 and also statistically similar. So, we can consider poultry manure and cow dung for our soil health, environmental benefits and ecological safety.

Effect of Spacing and Nitrogen Level on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Mid hill of Nepal

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of spacing and nitrogen level on growth and yield of maize in Parbat from February to July, 2019. The experiment was laid out in two Factorial Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising of spacing: 60×15 cm and 60×25 cm and nitrogen: 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha level as treatment with three replications. “Arun-2” variety of maize was planted on clay loam and acidic soil (pH 5.3) having medium in total nitrogen (0.15%), medium in soil available phosphorus (48.1 kg/ha), medium in soil available potassium (218.8 kg/ha) and medium in organic matter content (2.92%). Result shows that yield was significantly increased with increment in N-level up to 90 kg N/ha. The grain yield (5.18 mt/ha) was significantly higher at 90 kg N/ha than at 30 and 60 kg N/ha but at par with 120 kg N/ha. Significant effect on grain yield due to spacing was observed. The grain yield (4.11 mt/ha) obtained at spacing 60×15 cm. Moreover, the highest grain yield showed that highest grain yield (4.33 mt/ha) was obtained under 90 kg N/ha plus 60×15 cm spacing. The result revealed that different spacing and nitrogen level significantly affect the plant height and leaf area index. The plant height and leaf area index were significantly high at close spacing (60×15 cm) and at 120 kg N/ha. Likewise, yield attributing characteristics like cob length, cob diameter, number of kernel/rows, number of kernel row, thousand gran weight were the highest at 90 kg/ha but as par with 120 kg/ha at close spacing (60×15 cm). This study suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating “Arun-2” maize fertilizing with 90 kg N/ha and maintaining 60×15 cm spacing.