In recent years, all kinds of frequent occurrence of unexpected events, damage is very serious, affect the range is very wide, such as the 2004 India Ocean tsunami in 2008, South China heavy snow disaster and Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, 2009 swept the global influenza a H1N1 influenza. These sudden public events not only cause great loss of life and property, but also affects the social stability, and even endanger the national security, the economic society to develop overall situation produces major effect. Emergency materials distribution level is directly related to whether the effective control of various emergencies, as far as possible so that the losses are minimized, avoid disaster expand. Therefore to strengthen the emergency logistics operation in the process of risk management is the urgent need of developing situation changes, the successful operation of emergency logistics is one of the key. And the implementation of accurate, comprehensive, rapid risk analysis and implementation of emergency logistics risk management. This article through to the emergency materials distribution of risk analysis, understanding of emergency materials distribution risk comes from where, and its risk control. The control method has established non affected areas of emergency material sending and receiving points between the affected areas of emergency materials distribution network, distribution scheme decision and preliminary analysis on emergency materials distribution center, warehouse storage to do regular checks. In the disaster areas of much-needed supplies to the shortest possible time delivery to the disaster area, improve the distribution efficiency, reduce the losses caused by disasters, but also ensure the material distribution in an orderly manner, avoid the invalid distribution.