Impact of Neuroendocrine Factors on Seizure Genesis and Treatment

Epilepsy ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 475-499
Author(s):  
Pavel Klein ◽  
Jaromir Janousek
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Factors

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphisms of Adrenal Steroids, Sex Hormones, and Immunological Biomarkers and Possible Risk Factors for Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonse T. Masi ◽  
Azeem A. Rehman ◽  
Laura C. Jorgenson ◽  
Jennifer M. Smith ◽  
Jean C. Aldag
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Neuroendocrine Factors

Innate immunity and immunological biomarkers are believed to be interrelated with sex hormones and other neuroendocrine factors. Sexual dimorphism mechanisms may be operating in certain rheumatic and inflammatory diseases which occur more frequently in women than men, as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Less data have been available on altered interrelations of the combined neuroendocrine and immune (NEI) systems as risk factors for development of certain diseases. In this study, serological interrelations of NEI biomarkers are analyzed before symptomatic onset of RA (pre-RA) versus control (CN) subjects, stratified by sex. Sexual dimorphism was found in serum levels of acute serum amyloid A (ASAA), soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2Rα), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1). Multiple steroidal and hormonal (neuroendocrine) factors also showed highly(p<0.001)significant sexual dimorphism in their assayed values, but less for cortisol(p=0.012), and not for 17-hydroxyprogesterone(p=0.176). After stratification by sex and risk of developing RA, differential NEI correlational patterns were observed in the interplay of the NEI systems between the pre-RA and CN groups, which deserve further investigation.

Neuroendocrine Influences on Human Sexuality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlyn Swift-Gallant ◽  
S. Marc Breedlove
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Androgen Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Androgens ◽  
Prenatal Androgen Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Androgen ◽  
Neuroendocrine Factors

While prenatal sex hormones guide the development of sex-typical reproductive structures, they also act on the developing brain, resulting in sex differences in brain and behavior in animal models. Stemming from this literature is the prominent hypothesis that prenatal neuroendocrine factors underlie sex differences in human sexual orientation, to explain why most males have a preference for female sexual partners (gynephilia), whereas most females display a preference for male sexual partners (androphilia). Convergent evidence from experiments of nature and indirect markers of prenatal hormones strongly support a role for prenatal androgens in same-same sexual orientations in women, although this finding is specific to a subset of lesbians who are also gender nonconforming (“butch”). More gender-conforming lesbians (“femmes”) do not show evidence of increased prenatal androgens. The literature has been more mixed for male sexual orientation: some report evidence of low prenatal androgen exposure, while others report evidence of high androgen levels and many other studies find no support for a role of prenatal androgen exposure in the development of androphilia in males. Recent evidence suggests there may be subgroups of gay men who owe their sexual orientation to distinct biodevelopmental mechanisms, which could account for these mixed findings. Although this research is young, it is similar to findings from lesbian populations, because gay men who are more gender nonconforming, and report a preference for receptive anal sex, differ on markers of prenatal development from gay men who are more gender conforming and report a preference for insertive anal sex. This chapter concludes with future research avenues including assessing whether multiple biodevelopmental pathways underlie sexual orientation and whether neuroendocrine factors and other biological mechanisms (e.g., immunology, genetics) interact to promote a same-sex sexual orientation.

Neuroendocrine factors in the initiation of puberty: The emergent role of kisspeptin

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Navarro ◽  
Juan M. Castellano ◽  
David García-Galiano ◽  
Manuel Tena-Sempere
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Factors

Current and emerging drugs treatment for night eating syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S164-S165
Author(s):  
M. Martellini ◽  
M. Barchiesi ◽  
M.G. Oriani ◽  
B. Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Night Eating Syndrome ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Night Eating ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Psychopharmacological Treatment ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Evening Hyperphagia ◽  
Neuroendocrine Factors

IntroductionThe night eating syndrome (NES) is a categorized in the diagnostic and statistic manual (DSM-5) as an “Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder” and it is characterized by a reduced feeding during the day, evening hyperphagia accompagned by frequent nocturnal awakenings associated with conscious episodes of compulsive ingestion of food and abnormal circadian rhythms of food and other neuroendocrine factors. Frequently it is associated with obesity and depressed mood.ObjectivesThe purpose of this review is to investigate the state of art concerning the psychopharmacological treatment of NES.MethodsA Medline enquiry of published articles from 2005 to October 2015 was performed using the following keywords: “NES, pharmacological treatment, SSRI, antidepressants, antipsychotic, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, duloxetine, venlafaxine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, topiramate”. Reviews, single case studies and RCT were also analyzed.ResultsOnly few studies met the selection criteria. A recent 8-week double-blind placebo controlled study, in 34 patients with NES, has confirmed the efficacy of sertraline. Sertraline was associated with significantly greater improvement than placebo in overall symptomatology.ConclusionsSSRIs should be considered the drug of choice for the treatment of NES not only because of evidence in the literature but also since they display the best pharmacological profiles with fewer adverse events. More evidence of efficacy is shown for some SSRIs such us paroxetine, fluvoxamine and especially sertraline. Topiramate should be reserved for cases resistant to treatment with SSRIs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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