scholarly journals Towards a Framework of Human Factors Certification of Complex Human-Machine Systems

2000 ◽  
pp. 267-274
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Machine Systems

Some Problems in the Measurement of Human Performance in Man–Machine Systems

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Data Models ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Machine Systems

Quantification of human performance in man–machine systems is receiving more and more attention in human factors work. Obstacles to such quantification include: (1) complexity and subjectivity of available quantification methods, (2) grossness of assumptions behind these methods, and (3) resistance of some psychologists. Research is needed (1) to develop an improved human performance data bank, (2) to develop improved models and methods, and (3) to validate quantification data, models and methods. Some research is being done in these areas.

Human Factors Engineering Technology Integration into the Naval Ship Acquisition Process

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 528-531
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Malone ◽  
Phillip J. Andrews ◽  
Warren Lewis ◽  
James McGuinness
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Training Design ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Surface Ship ◽  
Machine Systems

A Navy surface ship represents one of the most complex man-machine systems in existence today. Performance capabilities of personnel required in the propulsion systems, weapon systems, command-control systems, operations systems, supply systems and auxiliary systems should demand that human factors engineering (HFE) receive primary consideration in the design of ships. And yet there is no formal HFE program for ship acquisition. HFE responsibilities are not integrated with each other or with ship systems engineering efforts. There is little or no standardization of HFE methods and data beyond that provided in the design work study approach. Finally, HFE has no formal status within the ship acquisition process. The Navy Sea Systems Command recently moved to correct these problems in implementation of HFE for ships. A ship HFE technology program has been established which has as its primary objectives the integration of available applicable HFE techniques, methods, principles and data into the ship acquisition process. The effort to integrate HFE technology into the ship acquisition process began with a definition of the process itself, with emphasis on the specific events and milestones within the process. The next step entailed identification of HFE requirements appropriate for each event. HFE requirements were described in terms of activities to be completed and products to be provided to the ship design effort. HFE requirements were developed for five major functional areas: manning and training, design for operability, design for maintainability, design for habitability, and test and evaluation. After identification of HFE requirements in each of these areas, determinations were made of the degree to which available HFE technologies were appropriate to satisfy the requirements. HFE technologies consisted of HFE principles, data, methods and techniques which have been reported in the HFE literature. These technology assessments represented the best estimates of the research team concerning the applicability of available technologies for specific HFE requirements.

scholarly journals The Cybernetic Return in Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 894-898
Author(s):  
Patrick Waterson ◽  
Chris Baber ◽  
David Golightly ◽  
Peter Hancock ◽  
Thierry Morineau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
And Control

The last few years have seen resurgence in interest within human factors/ergonomics (HFE) in cybernetics. HFE has a long association with cybernetics (e.g., the influence of signal detection and control theory on studies of vigilance, visual search and human-machine systems). The panel will discuss more recent applications of cybernetics and focus on the ‘messy complexity’ and dynamic properties of 21st Century systems and a variety of issues associated with the ‘cybernetic return’ in HFE, which include: the use of communication theory to probe deeper into how specific state of minds are formed, in this case deception and recent examples of ‘fake news’ (Hancock); the integration of artificial intelligence and systems and cognitive agents (Karwowski); the control of degrees of freedom in loosely coupled work systems (e.g., emergency care – Morineau); and team dynamics, performance and coordination in complex sociotechnical systems (Guastello, Wiltshire). The panel concludes with some reflections on the past, present and future of cybernetics within HFE (Drury).

The Role of Sleep Deprivation Research in Human Factors

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Naitoh ◽  
Richard E. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Term Field

Sleep loss is a ubiquitous phenomenon that occurs on many long-term field missions. The effects of sleep loss are, in general, detrimental to efficient functioning of man-machine systems. To illustrate the effect of sleep loss on task performance, data from four independent research institutes are reviewed. Data are presented relating to the prevention of sleep loss, and to the detection and minimization of sleep loss effects when they occur.

Recreation, Technology, and System Safety

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-453
Author(s):  
T. M. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
System Safety ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Machine System ◽  
Operational Design ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Machine Systems

A model of a man-machine-environment complex is presented in which it is shown that each man-machine system defines for itself an operational environment from within the ecosphere. It is pointed out that this model has application to all design for human use, and to operation of man-machine systems. Its specific application to recreation is shown in relation to three areas—considerations of system safety in recreation; responsibilities and liabilities of manufacturers of recreational equipment; and responsibilities of researchers, human factors engineers, and those who supply manufacturers with operational design data. It is argued that safety management requires an epidemiological rather than a therapeutic or piecemeal approach, and that until safety is considered systematically as an objective in the design and operation of a man-machine-environment complex, recreational or otherwise, we cannot attain the optimal.

An Ecological Approach to Human-Machine Systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (14) ◽  
pp. 1056-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Flach ◽  
Peter A. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Structure ◽  
Machine Systems

Human Factors is unlike other traditional divisions of knowledge and is more than the mere haphazard interdisciplinary collaboration between psychology and engineering. As such, it requires a unique theoretical structure that reflects the opportunities and constraints intrinsic to emergent complex dynamical operational spaces derived from the interplay of human, machine, task, and environment.

Human Factors Issues on the Design of Telepresence Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Deml
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Input Control ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The overall aim of this work is to provide some guidelines for the design of tele-presence systems from a human factors point of view. Developers of such human-machine systems face at least two major problems: There are hardly any standard input devices, and guiding design principles are almost missing. Further, most often telepresence systems should enable both a high degree of performance and a high sensation of presence, and yet the relationship between these two variables is still a subject of research. To cope with some of the problems, two experimental studies are presented. Each focuses on a different aspect of interface design, which is of widespread interest in the field of telepresence systems. The first is related to the control of multiple degrees of freedom and the second refers to bimanual input control. Beyond this work, a meta-analytical study is presented to describe the relationship between presence and performance more precisely. Certainly there are more issues that have to be studied (e.g., perceptual aspects) to guide the design of telepresence systems. To provide a framework for these and further human factor aspects, a computer based design guide is suggested at the end. This tool addresses system developers and assists in realizing new interfaces more effectively.

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