Metal-Organic Framework as potential drug carriers against inflammation

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered the major cause of death worldwide. Therapeutic delivery to the cardiovascular system may play an important role in the successful treatment of a variety of CVDs, including atherosclerosis, ischemic-reperfusion injury, and microvascular diseases. Despite their clinical benefits, current therapeutic drugs are hindered by their short half-life and systemic side effects. This limitation could be overcome using controlled drug release with the potential for targeted drug delivery using a nanomedicine approach. In the current study, we have assessed the use of a highly porous nano-sized preparation of iron-based Metal-organic Framework (MOF) commonly referred to as MIL-89 as potential drug carriers in the cardiovascular system. Aims: To assess the effect of MOFs on the viability and cytotoxicity of human vascular cells and the cellular uptake in vitro, and the organ-system toxicity of MOF in vivo using the Zebrafish model. Methods: Human pulmonary endothelial cells (HPAECs) and pulmonary smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) were treated with variable concentrations of MOFs. The viability, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects were measured using AlamarBlue, LDH assay and ELISA. The cellular uptake of MOFs were assessed using light, confocal, and transmission electron microscopes and EDS analysis. Moreover, Zebrafish embryos were cultured and treated with MOFs-nanoparticles at 0 hours post fertilization (hpf) followed by different organ-specific assays at 24, 48, and 72 hpf. Results: Although MOFs affect the viability at high concentrations, it does not cause any significant cytotoxicity on HPAECs and HPASMCs. Interestingly, MOFs were shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect. Microscopic images showed an increased (concentration-dependent) cellular uptake of MOFs and transfer to daughter cells in both cell types. Moreover, the in vivo study showed that high concentrations of MOFs delay zebrafish embryos hatching and cause heart deformation, which is currently investigated using cardiotoxicity markers. Conclusion: MOFs is a promising nanoparticle prototypes for drug delivery in the cardiovascular system with high cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory effects. Further investigations of MOFs, including diseased models and drug- loaded formulation is required.

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Multifunctional metal–organic framework heterostructures for enhanced cancer therapy

Chemical Society Reviews ◽

10.1039/d0cs00178c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jintong Liu ◽

Jing Huang ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Jianping Lei

Keyword(s):

Cancer Therapy ◽

General Principle ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Functional Modulation ◽

Organic Framework

We review the general principle of the design and functional modulation of nanoscaled MOF heterostructures, and biomedical applications in enhanced therapy.

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Magnetic Ordering via Itinerant Ferromagnetism in a Metal-Organic Framework

10.26434/chemrxiv.12330866 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jesse Park ◽

Brianna Collins ◽

Lucy Darago ◽

Tomce Runcevski ◽

Michael Aubrey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Charge Transport ◽

Magnetic Order ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Magnetic Ordering ◽

Double Exchange ◽

Itinerant Ferromagnetism ◽

Organic Solids ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Organic Framework

Materials that combine magnetic order with other desirable physical attributes offer to revolutionize our energy landscape. Indeed, such materials could find transformative applications in spintronics, quantum sensing, low-density magnets, and gas separations. As a result, efforts to design multifunctional magnetic materials have recently moved beyond traditional solid-state materials to metal–organic solids. Among these, metal–organic frameworks in particular bear structures that offer intrinsic porosity, vast chemical and structural programmability, and tunability of electronic properties. Nevertheless, magnetic order within metal–organic frameworks has generally been limited to low temperatures, owing largely to challenges in creating strong magnetic exchange in extended metal–organic solids. Here, we employ the phenomenon of itinerant ferromagnetism to realize magnetic ordering at TC = 225 K in a mixed-valence chromium(II/III) triazolate compound, representing the highest ferromagnetic ordering temperature yet observed in a metal–organic framework. The itinerant ferromagnetism is shown to proceed via a double-exchange mechanism, the first such observation in any metal–organic material. Critically, this mechanism results in variable-temperature conductivity with barrierless charge transport below TC and a large negative magnetoresistance of 23% at 5 K. These observations suggest applications for double-exchange-based coordination solids in the emergent fields of magnetoelectrics and spintronics. Taken together, the insights gleaned from these results are expected to provide a blueprint for the design and synthesis of porous materials with synergistic high-temperature magnetic and charge transport properties.

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Solvent-Free Powder Synthesis and MOF-CVD Thin Films of the Mesoporous Metal-Organic Framework MAF-6

10.26434/chemrxiv.9860891.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Timothée Stassin ◽

Ivo Stassen ◽

Joao Marreiros ◽

Alexander John Cruz ◽

Rhea Verbeke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vapor Phase ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Uptake Capacity ◽

Powder Synthesis ◽

Crystalline Films ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Mesoporous Metal ◽

First Time ◽

Organic Framework

A simple solvent- and catalyst-free method is presented for the synthesis of the mesoporous metal-organic framework (MOF) MAF-6 (RHO-Zn(eIm)2) based on the reaction of ZnO with 2-ethylimidazole vapor at temperatures ≤ 100 °C. By translating this method to a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) protocol, mesoporous crystalline films could be deposited for the first time entirely from the vapor phase. A combination of PALS and Kr physisorption measurements confirmed the porosity of these MOF-CVD films and the size of the MAF-6 supercages (diam. ~2 nm), in close agreement with powder data and calculations. MAF-6 powders and films were further characterized by XRD, TGA, SEM, FTIR, PDF and EXAFS. The exceptional uptake capacity of the mesoporous MAF-6 in comparison to the microporous ZIF-8 is demonstrated by vapor-phase loading of a molecule larger than the ZIF-8 windows.

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