Satellite Cell Biology

2009 ◽  
pp. 59-78 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Cell Biology

scholarly journals NeuroHeal Improves Muscle Regeneration after Injury

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Sara Marmolejo-Martínez-Artesero ◽  
David Romeo-Guitart ◽  
Vanesa Venegas ◽  
Mario Marotta ◽  
Caty Casas
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Preclinical Model

Musculoskeletal injuries represent a challenging medical problem. Although the skeletal muscle is able to regenerate and recover after injury, the process engaged with conservative therapy can be inefficient, leading to a high re-injury rate. In addition, the formation of scar tissue implies an alteration of mechanical properties in muscle. There is still a need for new treatments of the injured muscle. NeuroHeal may be one option. Published studies demonstrated that it reduces muscle atrophy due to denervation and disuse. The main objective of the present work was to assess the potential of NeuroHeal to improve muscle regeneration after traumatic injury. Secondary objectives included characterizing the effect of NeuroHeal treatment on satellite cell biology. We used a rat model of sport-induced injury in the gastrocnemius and analyzed the effects of NeuroHeal on functional recovery by means of electrophysiology and tetanic force analysis. These studies were accompanied by immunohistochemistry of the injured muscle to analyze fibrosis, satellite cell state, and fiber type. In addition, we used an in vitro model to determine the effect of NeuroHeal on myoblast biology and partially decipher its mechanism of action. The results showed that NeuroHeal treatment advanced muscle fiber recovery after injury in a preclinical model of muscle injury, and significantly reduced the formation of scar tissue. In vitro, we observed that NeuroHeal accelerated the formation of myotubes. The results pave the way for novel therapeutic avenues for muscle/tendinous disorders.

Satellite Cell Biology

2009 ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Rhoads ◽  
C Rathbone ◽  
K Flann
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Cell Biology

scholarly journals An Overview About the Biology of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Forcina ◽  
Carmen Miano ◽  
Laura Pelosi ◽  
Antonio Musarò
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Quiescent State

The peculiar ability of skeletal muscle tissue to operate adaptive changes during post-natal development and adulthood has been associated with the existence of adult somatic stem cells. Satellite cells, occupying an exclusive niche within the adult muscle tissue, are considered bona fide stem cells with both stem-like properties and myogenic activities. Indeed, satellite cells retain the capability to both maintain the quiescence in uninjured muscles and to be promptly activated in response to growth or regenerative signals, re-engaging the cell cycle. Activated cells can undergo myogenic differentiation or self-renewal moving back to the quiescent state. Satellite cells behavior and their fate decision are finely controlled by mechanisms involving both cell-autonomous and external stimuli. Alterations in these regulatory networks profoundly affect muscle homeostasis and the dynamic response to tissue damage, contributing to the decline of skeletal muscle that occurs under physio-pathologic conditions. Although the clear myogenic activity of satellite cells has been described and their pivotal role in muscle growth and regeneration has been reported, a comprehensive picture of inter-related mechanisms guiding muscle stem cell activity has still to be defined. Here, we reviewed the main regulatory networks determining satellite cell behavior. In particular, we focused on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlining satellite cell maintenance and commitment. Besides intrinsic regulations, we reported current evidences about the influence of environmental stimuli, derived from other cell populations within muscle tissue, on satellite cell biology.

scholarly journals Muscle Satellite Cells: Exploring the Basic Biology to Rule Them

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila F. Almeida ◽  
Stephanie A. Fernandes ◽  
Antonio F. Ribeiro Junior ◽  
Oswaldo Keith Okamoto ◽  
Mariz Vainzof
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Adult Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resident Stem Cells ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Satellite Cell Activity

Adult skeletal muscle is a postmitotic tissue with an enormous capacity to regenerate upon injury. This is accomplished by resident stem cells, named satellite cells, which were identified more than 50 years ago. Since their discovery, many researchers have been concentrating efforts to answer questions about their origin and role in muscle development, the way they contribute to muscle regeneration, and their potential to cell-based therapies. Satellite cells are maintained in a quiescent state and upon requirement are activated, proliferating, and fusing with other cells to form or repair myofibers. In addition, they are able to self-renew and replenish the stem pool. Every phase of satellite cell activity is highly regulated and orchestrated by many molecules and signaling pathways; the elucidation of players and mechanisms involved in satellite cell biology is of extreme importance, being the first step to expose the crucial points that could be modulated to extract the optimal response from these cells in therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the basic aspects about satellite cells biology and briefly discuss recent findings about therapeutic attempts, trying to raise questions about how basic biology could provide a solid scaffold to more successful use of these cells in clinics.

Cell biology of the satellite cell

1993 ◽  
pp. 190-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Schultz ◽  
Kathleen M. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Cell Biology

scholarly journals Fusion-Independent Satellite Cell Communication to Muscle Fibers During Load-Induced Hypertrophy

Function ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A Murach ◽  
Ivan J Vechetti ◽  
Douglas W Van Pelt ◽  
Samuel E Crow ◽  
Cory M Dungan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth

Abstract The “canonical” function of Pax7+ muscle stem cells (satellite cells) during hypertrophic growth of adult muscle fibers is myonuclear donation via fusion to support increased transcriptional output. In recent years, however, emerging evidence suggests that satellite cells play an important secretory role in promoting load-mediated growth. Utilizing genetically modified mouse models of delayed satellite cell fusion and in vivo extracellular vesicle (EV) tracking, we provide evidence for satellite cell communication to muscle fibers during hypertrophy. Myogenic progenitor cell-EV-mediated communication to myotubes in vitro influences extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression, which is congruent with in vivo overload experiments involving satellite cell depletion, as well as in silico analyses. Satellite cell-derived EVs can transfer a Cre-induced, cytoplasmic-localized fluorescent reporter to muscle cells as well as microRNAs that regulate ECM genes such as matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9), which may facilitate growth. Delayed satellite cell fusion did not limit long-term load-induced muscle hypertrophy indicating that early fusion-independent communication from satellite cells to muscle fibers is an underappreciated aspect of satellite cell biology. We cannot exclude the possibility that satellite cell-mediated myonuclear accretion is necessary to maintain prolonged growth, specifically in the later phases of adaptation, but these data collectively highlight how EV delivery from satellite cells can directly contribute to mechanical load-induced muscle fiber hypertrophy, independent of cell fusion to the fiber.

Myogenic satellite cells: physiology to molecular biology

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 534-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Hawke ◽  
Daniel J. Garry
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Transgenic Animal ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Culture Techniques ◽  
Culture Techniques

Adult skeletal muscle has a remarkable ability to regenerate following myotrauma. Because adult myofibers are terminally differentiated, the regeneration of skeletal muscle is largely dependent on a small population of resident cells termed satellite cells. Although this population of cells was identified 40 years ago, little is known regarding the molecular phenotype or regulation of the satellite cell. The use of cell culture techniques and transgenic animal models has improved our understanding of this unique cell population; however, the capacity and potential of these cells remain ill-defined. This review will highlight the origin and unique markers of the satellite cell population, the regulation by growth factors, and the response to physiological and pathological stimuli. We conclude by highlighting the potential therapeutic uses of satellite cells and identifying future research goals for the study of satellite cell biology.

scholarly journals The Satellite Cell at 60: The Foundation Years

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Elise N. Engquist ◽  
Peter S. Zammit
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Genetic Lineage

The resident stem cell for skeletal muscle is the satellite cell. On the 50th anniversary of its discovery in 1961, we described the history of skeletal muscle research and the seminal findings made during the first 20 years in the life of the satellite cell (Scharner and Zammit 2011, doi: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-28). These studies established the satellite cell as the source of myoblasts for growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Now on the 60th anniversary, we highlight breakthroughs in the second phase of satellite cell research from 1980 to 2000. These include technical innovations such as isolation of primary satellite cells and viable muscle fibres complete with satellite cells in their niche, together with generation of many useful reagents including genetically modified organisms and antibodies still in use today. New methodologies were combined with description of endogenous satellite cells markers, notably Pax7. Discovery of the muscle regulatory factors Myf5, MyoD, myogenin, and MRF4 in the late 1980s revolutionized understanding of the control of both developmental and regerenative myogenesis. Emergence of genetic lineage markers facilitated identification of satellite cells in situ, and also empowered transplantation studies to examine satellite cell function. Finally, satellite cell heterogeneity and the supportive role of non-satellite cell types in muscle regeneration were described. These major advances in methodology and in understanding satellite cell biology provided further foundations for the dramatic escalation of work on muscle stem cells in the 21st century.

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