scholarly journals 190 PCBS, PCDDS AND PCDFS IN HUMAN MILK DOES A SHORT TERM-CHANGE IN MATERNAL DIET INFLUENCE THEIR CONCENTRATION?

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 34A-34A
Author(s):  
Beate Pietschnig ◽  
Karin Wiberg ◽  
Ferdinand Haschke ◽  
Christopher Rappe ◽  
Ernst Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Change ◽  
Term Change

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Mammographic Density during a Premenopausal Weight Loss Intervention Study

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3245
Author(s):  
Emma C. Atakpa ◽  
Adam R. Brentnall ◽  
Susan Astley ◽  
Jack Cuzick ◽  
D. Gareth Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dense Area ◽  
Short Term Change ◽  
Term Change

We evaluated the association between short-term change in body mass index (BMI) and breast density during a 1 year weight-loss intervention (Manchester, UK). We included 65 premenopausal women (35–45 years, ≥7 kg adult weight gain, family history of breast cancer). BMI and breast density (semi-automated area-based, automated volume-based) were measured at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years after study entry (1 year post intervention). Cross-sectional (between-women) and short-term change (within-women) associations between BMI and breast density were measured using repeated-measures correlation coefficients and multivariable linear mixed models. BMI was positively correlated with dense volume between-women (r = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.17, 0.61), but less so within-women (r = 0.08, 95%CI: −0.16, 0.28). There was little association with dense area (between-women r = −0.12, 95%CI: −0.38, 0.16; within-women r = 0.01, 95%CI: −0.24, 0.25). BMI and breast fat were positively correlated (volume: between r = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.69, 0.84, within r = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.36, 0.75; area: between r = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.63, 0.82, within r = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.63). Multivariable models reported similar associations. Exploratory analysis suggested associations between BMI gain from 20 years and density measures (standard deviation change per +5 kg/m2 BMI: dense area: +0.61 (95%CI: 0.12, 1.09); fat volume: −0.31 (95%CI: −0.62, 0.00)). Short-term BMI change is likely to be positively associated with breast fat, but we found little association with dense tissue, although power was limited by small sample size.

Short-Term Change in a Population of the Meat Ant Iridomyrmex Purpureus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJM Greenslade
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Colony Size ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Nest Entrance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Short Term Change ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Size And Structure

A population of the mound-building meat ant, Iridomyrmex purpureus s. s., was studied from 1971 to 1974 near the cool, wet end of its South Australian range. Seasonal variation in the numbers of nest mounds, and in number of nest entrance holes used by the population, indicate that it is under climatic stress in winter and summer. It is also subject to human interference and many mounds have been damaged; the fate of such colonies suggests that the mounds affect nest temperatures and are important in reducing winter stress. Comparison of parts of the population from areas differing in aspect and drainage shows that colony size and structure are controlled by rates of growth and survival of nests, depending largely on summer and winter stress respectively. The latter appears to be the critical factor in this population.

scholarly journals Short-term change in fish assemblages after the passage of a typhoon in a temperate, coastal bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Mitsuharu Yagi
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Japanese Anchovy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Faunal Change ◽  
Short Term Change ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coastal Bay ◽  
Tachibana Bay

To study the effects of a typhoon on a temperate, coastal bay community, the species composition, catch amount, and diversity of epipelagic fish assemblages were investigated. Fish samples were taken from catches of a purse seine fishery in Tachibana Bay, Japan between May and July 2011, covering before and after the passage of a typhoon in the area. Although major changes in total catch amount were not observed before and after the passage of the typhoon, the abundance of the Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonicus Temminck et Schlegel, 1846, markedly decreased and bycatch of species increased, accompanied by increasing levels of diversity of the fish assemblage. Multivariate analysis showed that community differences before and after the passage were quantitative rather than qualitative. Comparisons in total length frequencies between the two periods indicated that specimens of the species compared were bigger in size for Trachurus japonicus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1844) and smaller for E. japonicus in the “after” period. These results suggest that the passage of the typhoon triggered not only interspecific faunal change but also intraspecific recruitment shifts in and around the bay.

Assessing Short-term Change in Advanced Oral Proficiency

1995 ◽  
Vol 109-110 ◽  
pp. 75-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lennon
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Oral Proficiency ◽  
Teacher Assessment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Short Term Change ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Picture Story

Abstract This paper presents four case studies to demonstrate developments in oral proficiency made by advanced learners of English during two months in England. The data base consists of picture story oral narratives. Performance shortly after arrival in Britain is compared with that at the end of the two months. Assessment was by: subjective reactions of a panel of experienced native-speaker EFL teachers quantitative analysis of transcriptions of recordings. An attempt is made to apply VORSTER’s (1980) components of proficiency developed for use with children mother tongue speakers. The main findings were as follows: There was considerable dissension among teachers, so that the reliability of subjective teacher assessment in such cases must be seriously questioned. Results on the objective quantitative measures were very chequered, suggesting that the variables chosen did not, in many cases, function well to identify developments over so short a period. Nevertheless, there were clear trends towards improvements in productivity and modality (co-verbs). There were signs of individual differences among subjects in route of development.

Impact of Life Events on Short‐Term Change in BMI in Early and Middle Childhood

Obesity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-352
Author(s):  
Zachary A. Weber ◽  
Abigail Shoben ◽  
Sarah E. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Change ◽  
Term Change

Brain atrophy and magnetization transfer ratio following methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis: short-term changes and long-term implications

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J Fox ◽  
Elizabeth Fisher ◽  
Jean Tkach ◽  
Jar-Chi Lee ◽  
Jeffrey A Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Transfer Ratio ◽  
Short Term Change ◽  
Term Change ◽  
The Impact

Background: The short-term effect of corticosteroids on MRI measures of multiple sclerosis (MS) is not well understood and may have a significant impact when using these quantitative measures to evaluate disease activity and changes following other therapeutic interventions. Objective: To determine the impact of a course of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) on quantitative measures of disease activity and tissue injury in MS patients. Methods: We prospectively measured brain parenchymal fraction (BPF), magnetization transfer ratio (MTR, lesional and whole brain), and lesion volumes on nine weekly brain MRI studies in ten MS patients receiving a course of IVMP. A group of nine MS patients not receiving IVMP served as controls. Results: In comparison to untreated controls, BPF declined over the eight weeks following IVMP treatment (P<0.02). BPF decline was most prominent in patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS, P<0.03), and was not seen in relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients. Short-term change in BPF correlated with baseline BPF (r=0.62, P=0.05) and short-term change in lesional MTR (r=-0.55, P=0.03), but not with change in enhancing lesion volume. Short-term change in lesional MTR inversely correlated with baseline lesional and whole brain MTR (r=-0.79, P=0.04 for both). There was no significant difference between treated and control patients in measures of MTR or T2, T1 or enhancing lesion volumes. Conclusions: Patients with SPMS showed a greater decline in BPF following IVMP than RRMS patients. A correlation between changes in BPF and MTR suggest that these changes are secondary to altered water content within MS lesions. Differential response to a standardized therapeutic intervention in RRMS and SPMS suggests that responses to therapy may differ due to a fundamental pathologic difference between early and late stage MS.

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