scholarly journals Effects of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and secretion in prediabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Rasouli ◽  
Irwin G Brodsky ◽  
Ranee Chatterjee ◽  
Sun H Kim ◽  
Richard E Pratley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Β Cell Function

Abstract Context Vitamin D regulates glucose homeostasis pathways, but effects of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function remain unclear. Objective To investigate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Methods This is a pre-specified secondary analysis of the Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes (D2d) study. Overweight/obese adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes were randomly treated with vitamin D3 4000 IU or matching placebo daily for 24 months. Main Outcome Disposition index (DI), as an estimate of β-cell function, was calculated as the product of HOMA2%Scpep and C-peptide response during the first 30 minutes of a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results Mean age was 60.5±9.8 years and BMI was 31.9±4.4 kg/m 2. Mean serum 25(OH)D level increased from 27.9±10.3 ng/mL at baseline to 54.9 ng/mL at two years in the vitamin D group and was unchanged (28.5±10.0 ng/mL) in the placebo group. The baseline DI predicted incident diabetes independent of the intervention. In the entire cohort, there were no significant differences in changes in DI, HOMA2%Scpep, or C-peptide response between the two groups. Among participants with baseline 25(OH)D level <12 ng/mL, the mean percent differences for DI between the vitamin D and placebo groups was 8.5% (95%CI 0.2-16.8). Conclusions Supplementation with vitamin D3 for 24 months did not improve an OGTT-derived index of β-cell function in people with prediabetes not selected based on baseline vitamin D status; however, there was benefit among those with very low baseline vitamin D status.

scholarly journals Effects of 6-month vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and secretion: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Lemieux ◽  
S John Weisnagel ◽  
Annabelle Z Caron ◽  
Anne-Sophie Julien ◽  
Anne-Sophie Morisset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

Objective To determine whether vitamin D3 supplementation improves insulin sensitivity, using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Design This single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomised 96 participants at high risk of diabetes or with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes to vitamin D3 5000 IU daily or placebo for 6 months. Methods We assessed at baseline and 6 months: (1) primary aim: peripheral insulin sensitivity (M-value using a 2-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp); (2) secondary aims: other insulin sensitivity (HOMA2%S, Matsuda) and insulin secretion (insulinogenic index, C-peptide area under the curve, HOMA2-B) indices using a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); β-cell function (disposition index: M-value × insulinogenic index); fasting and 2-h glucose post OGTT; HbA1c; anthropometry. Results Baseline characteristics were similar between groups (% or mean ± s.d.): women 38.5%; age 58.7 ± 9.4 years; BMI 32.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2; prediabetes 35.8%; diabetes 20.0%; 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) 51.1 ± 14.2 nmol/L. At 6 months, mean 25(OH)D reached 127.6 ± 26.3 nmol/L and 51.8 ± 16.5 nmol/L in the treatment and placebo groups, respectively (P < 0.001). A beneficial effect of vitamin D3 compared with placebo was observed on M-value (mean change (95% CI): 0.92 (0.24–1.59) vs −0.03 (−0.73 to 0.67); P = 0.009) and disposition index (mean change (95% CI): 267.0 (−343.4 to 877.4) vs −55.5 (−696.3 to 585.3); P = 0.039) after 6 months. No effect was seen on other outcomes. Conclusions In individuals at high risk of diabetes or with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, vitamin D supplementation for 6 months significantly increased peripheral insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, suggesting that it may slow metabolic deterioration in this population.

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the glycemic control of pre-diabetic Qatari patients in a randomized control trial

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al Thani ◽  
Eman Sadoun ◽  
Angeliki Sofroniou ◽  
Amin Jayyousi ◽  
Khaled Ahmed Mohamed Baagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Β Cell Function

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency is associated with indicators of pre-diabetes including, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and elevated plasma glucose with controversial findings from current trials. This study aims to investigate the long-term effect of vitamin D on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in pre-diabetic and highly vitamin-deficient subjects. Methods One hundred thirty-two participants were randomized to 30,000 IU vitamin D weekly for 6 months. Participants underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 3-month intervals to determine the change in plasma glucose concentration at 2 h after 75 g OGTT (2hPCG). Secondary measurements included glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, post-prandial insulin, indices of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR, Matsuda Index), β-cell function (HOMA-β, glucose and insulin area under the curve (AUC), disposition and insulinogenic indices), and lipid profile. Results A total of 57 (vitamin D) and 75 (placebo) subjects completed the study. Mean baseline serum 25(OH) D levels were 17.0 ng/ml and 14.9 ng/ml for placebo and vitamin D group, respectively. No significant differences were observed for 2hPC glucose or insulin sensitivity indices between groups. HOMA-β significantly decreased in the vitamin D group, while area under curve for glucose and insulin showed a significant reduction in β-cell function in both groups. Additionally, HOMA-β was found to be significantly different between control and treatment group and significance persisted after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion Vitamin D supplementation in a pre-diabetic and severely vitamin-deficient population had no effect on glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. The observed reduction in β-cell function in both placebo and vitamin D groups could be attributed to factors other than supplementation. Trial registration NCT02098980, 28/03/2014 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the glycemic control of pre-diabetic Qatari patients in a randomized control trial.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al Thani ◽  
Eman Sadoun ◽  
Angeliki Sofroniou ◽  
Amin Jayyousi ◽  
Khaled Ahmed Mohamed Baagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Β Cell Function

Abstract Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with indicators of pre-diabetes including, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and elevated plasma glucose with controversial findings from current trials. This study aims to investigate the long-term effect of vitamin D on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in pre-diabetic and highly vitamin-deficient subjects. Methods: 132 participants were randomized to 30,000 IU vitamin D weekly for 6 months. Participants underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 3-month intervals to determine the change in plasma glucose concentration at 2h after 75g OGTT (2hPCG). Secondary measurements included glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, post-prandial insulin, indices of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR, Matsuda Index), β-cell function (HOMA-β, glucose and insulin area under the curve (AUC), disposition and insulinogenic indices), and lipid profile. Results: A total of 57 (vitamin D) and 75 (placebo) subjects completed the study. Mean baseline serum 25(OH) D levels were 17.0 ng/ml and 14.9 ng/ml for placebo and vitamin D group, respectively. No significant differences were observed for 2hPC glucose or insulin sensitivity indices between groups. HOMA-β significantly decreased in the vitamin D group, while area under curve for glucose and insulin showed a significant reduction in β-cell function in both groups. Additionally, HOMA-β was found to be significantly different between control and treatment group and significance persisted after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation in a pre-diabetic and severely vitamin-deficient population had no effect on glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. The observed reduction in β-cell function in both placebo and vitamin D groups could be attributed to factors other than supplementation. Trial registration: The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov with number: NCT02098980.

Physical training may enhance β-cell function in type 2 diabetes

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. E1024-E1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming Dela ◽  
Michael E. von Linstow ◽  
Kári Joensen Mikines ◽  
Henrik Galbo
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Test ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

In healthy young subjects, training increases insulin sensitivity but decreases the capacity to secrete insulin. We studied whether training changes β-cell function in type 2 diabetic patients. Patients, stratified into “moderate” and “low” secretors according to individual C-peptide responses to an intravenous glucagon test, were randomly assigned to a training program [ergometer cycling 30–40 min/day, including at least 20 min at 75% maximum oxygen consumption (V̇o2 max), 5 days/wk for 3 mo] or a sedentary schedule. Before and after the intervention (16 h after last training bout), a sequential hyperglycemic (90 min at 11, 18, and 25 mM) clamp was performed. An intravenous bolus of 5 g of arginine was given at the end. Training increased V̇o2 max 17 ± 13% and decreased heart rate during submaximal exercise ( P < 0.05). During the 3 mo of sedentary lifestyle, insulin and C-peptide responses to the clamp procedures were unchanged in both moderate and low secretors. Likewise, no change in β-cell response was seen after training in the low secretors ( n = 5). In contrast, moderate secretors ( n = 9) showed significant increases in β-cell responses to 18 and 25 mM hyperglycemia and to arginine stimulation. Glucagon responses to arginine as well as measures of insulin sensitivity and Hb A1c levels were not altered by training. In conclusion, in type 2 diabetic patients, training may enhance β-cell function if the remaining secretory capacity is moderate but not if it is low. The improved β-cell function does not require changes in insulin sensitivity and Hb A1c concentration.

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the glycemic control of pre-diabetic Qatari patients in a randomized control trial.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al Thani ◽  
Eman Sadoun ◽  
Angeliki Sofroniou ◽  
Amin Jayyousi ◽  
Khaled Ahmed Mohamed Baagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Β Cell Function

Abstract Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with indicators of pre-diabetes including, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and elevated plasma glucose with controversial findings from current trials. This study aims to investigate the long-term effect of vitamin D on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in pre-diabetic and highly vitamin-deficient subjects. Methods: 132 participants were randomized to 30,000 IU vitamin D weekly for 6 months. Participants underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 3-month intervals to determine the change in plasma glucose concentration at 2h after 75g OGTT (2hPCG). Secondary measurements included glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, post-prandial insulin, indices of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR, Matsuda Index), β-cell function (HOMA-β, glucose and insulin area under the curve (AUC), disposition and insulinogenic indices), and lipid profile. Results: A total of 57 (vitamin D) and 75 (placebo) subjects completed the study. Mean baseline serum 25(OH) D levels were 17.0 ng/ml and 14.9 ng/ml for placebo and vitamin D group, respectively. No significant differences were observed for 2hPC glucose or insulin sensitivity indices between groups. HOMA-β significantly decreased in the vitamin D group, while area under curve for glucose and insulin showed a significant reduction in β-cell function in both groups. Additionally, HOMA-β was found to be significantly different between control and treatment group and significance persisted after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation in a pre-diabetic and severely vitamin-deficient population had no effect on glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. The observed reduction in β-cell function in both placebo and vitamin D groups could be attributed to factors other than supplementation. Trial registration: NCT02098980, 28/03/2014 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).

scholarly journals Prospective Associations of Vitamin D Status With β-Cell Function, Insulin Sensitivity, and Glycemia: The Impact of Parathyroid Hormone Status

Diabetes ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3868-3879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline K. Kramer ◽  
Balakumar Swaminathan ◽  
Anthony J. Hanley ◽  
Philip W. Connelly ◽  
Mathew Sermer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Hormone Status ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Branched Chain Amino Acids Associate Negatively with Postprandial Insulin Secretion in Recent-Onset Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanislava Karusheva ◽  
Klaus Strassburger ◽  
Daniel F Markgraf ◽  
Oana-Patricia Zaharia ◽  
Kálmán Bódis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Context In addition to unfavourable effects on insulin sensitivity, elevated plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) stimulate insulin secretion, which in the long-term could impair pancreatic β-cell function. Objective To investigate cross-sectional and prospective associations between circulating BCAA and postprandial β-cell function in recently diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods The study included individuals with well-controlled type 1 and type 2 diabetes (known diabetes duration &lt;12 months) and glucose tolerant humans (control) of similar age, sex and BMI (n=10/group) underwent mixed meal tolerance tests. Plasma BCAA levels were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, postprandial β-cell function was assessed from serum C-peptide levels and insulin sensitivity from PREDIM index (PREDIcted M-value). Results In type 1 diabetes, postprandial total BCAA, valine and leucine levels were 25%, 18% and 19% higher versus control, and total as well as individual postprandial BCAA related inversely to C-peptide levels. In type 2 diabetes, postprandial isoleucine was 16% higher versus the respective controls, while neither total nor individual BCAA correlated with C-peptide levels. Whole body insulin sensitivity was lower in both diabetes groups than in corresponding controls. In conclusion, insulin deficiency associates with sustained high BCAA concentrations which could contribute to exhausting the insulin secretory reserve in early type 1 diabetes.

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on insulin resistance and β-cell function in prediabetes: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1138-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J Wallace ◽  
Lauren Holmes ◽  
Cieran N Ennis ◽  
Christopher R Cardwell ◽  
Jayne V Woodside ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation ◽  
Β Cell Function

ABSTRACT Background Observational studies have suggested an inverse association between low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and development of type 2 diabetes. High-quality trials are required to test the hypothesis that vitamin D is a direct contributor to type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Objective The purpose of this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial was to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell function in people with prediabetes and suboptimal vitamin D status (<50 nmol/L). Methods Sixty-six individuals were randomly assigned to receive 3000 IU (75 µg) vitamin D3 or placebo daily for 26 wk. Compliance was monitored by pill count and change in serum 25(OH)D concentration using LC-MS. The primary endpoint was between-group difference in change in IR assessed using a 2-step euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with infusion of tritiated glucose. An oral-glucose-tolerance test was performed pre- and postintervention to calculate indices of β-cell function. Between-group comparisons were made using ANCOVA. Results In total, 64 participants completed the study. Baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations in the vitamin D3 and placebo group were 30.7 and 30.0 nmol/L, with status increasing by 70.5 nmol/L and 5.3 nmol/L, respectively (between-group difference in vitamin D: 65.8 nmol/L; 95% CI: 54.2, 77.3 nmol/L; P < 0.01), after supplementation. There was no difference between groups in measures of whole-body, peripheral, or hepatic IR or in any measure of glycemic control or β-cell function. Conclusion This study employed a robust assessment of IR and β-cell function and targeted a high-risk population with low 25(OH)D status at baseline and found that vitamin D3 supplementation had no effect on insulin action in people with prediabetes. This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01889810.

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the glycemic control of pre-diabetic Qatari patients in a randomized control trial.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al Thani ◽  
Eman Sadoun ◽  
Angeliki Sofroniou ◽  
Amin Jayyousi ◽  
Khaled Ahmed Mohamed Baagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Β Cell Function

Abstract Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with indicators of pre-diabetes including, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and elevated plasma glucose with controversial findings from current trials. This study aims to investigate the long-term effect of vitamin D on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in pre-diabetic and highly vitamin-deficient subjects. Methods: 132 participants were randomized to 30,000 IU vitamin D weekly for 6 months. Participants underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 3-month intervals to determine the change in plasma glucose concentration at 2h after 75g OGTT (2hPCG). Secondary measurements included glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, post-prandial insulin, indices of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR, Matsuda Index), β-cell function (HOMA-β, glucose and insulin area under the curve (AUC), disposition and insulinogenic indices), and lipid profile. Results: A total of 57 (vitamin D) and 75 (placebo) subjects completed the study. Mean baseline serum 25(OH) D levels were 17.0 ng/ml and 14.9 ng/ml for placebo and vitamin D group, respectively. No significant differences were observed for 2hPC glucose or insulin sensitivity indices between groups. HOMA-β significantly decreased in the vitamin D group, while area under curve for glucose and insulin showed a significant reduction in β-cell function in both groups. Additionally, HOMA-β was found to be significantly different between control and treatment group and significance persisted after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation in a pre-diabetic and severely vitamin-deficient population had no effect on glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. The observed reduction in β-cell function in both placebo and vitamin D groups could be attributed to factors other than supplementation. Trial registration: The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov with number: NCT02098980.

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