scholarly journals The Macrophage Activation Marker Soluble CD163 is Longitudinally Associated With Insulin Sensitivity and β-cell Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. e285-e294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhila Semnani-Azad ◽  
Philip W Connelly ◽  
Luke W Johnston ◽  
Ravi Retnakaran ◽  
Stewart B Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Soluble Cd163 ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Longitudinal Associations

Abstract Context Chronic inflammation arising from adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) activation may be central in type 2 diabetes etiology. Our objective was to assess the longitudinal associations of soluble CD163 (sCD163), a novel biomarker of ATM activation, with insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and dysglycemia in high-risk subjects. Methods Adults at risk for type 2 diabetes in the Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) study had 3 assessments over 6 years (n = 408). Levels of sCD163 were measured using fasting serum. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by HOMA2-%S and the Matsuda index (ISI). β-cell function was determined by insulinogenic index (IGI) over HOMA-IR and insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2). Incident dysglycemia was defined as the onset of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or type 2 diabetes. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) evaluated longitudinal associations of sCD163 with insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and incident dysglycemia adjusting for demographic and lifestyle covariates. Areas under receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AROC) tested whether sCD163 improved dysglycemia prediction in a clinical model. Results Longitudinal analyses showed significant inverse associations between sCD163 and insulin sensitivity (% difference per standard deviation increase of sCD163 for HOMA2-%S (β = −7.01; 95% CI, −12.26 to −1.44) and ISI (β = −7.60; 95% CI, −11.09 to −3.97) and β-cell function (ISSI-2 (β = −4.67; 95 %CI, −8.59 to −0.58) and IGI/HOMA-IR (β = −8.75; 95% CI, −15.42 to −1.56)). Increased sCD163 was associated with greater risk for incident dysglycemia (odds ratio = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06; P < 0.001). Adding sCD163 data to a model with clinical variables improved prediction of incident dysglycemia (AROC=0.6731 vs 0.638; P < 0.05). Conclusions sCD163 was longitudinally associated with core disorders that precede the onset of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Association of Baseline Characteristics With Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) Study Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Rasouli ◽  
Naji Younes ◽  
Kristina M. Utzschneider ◽  
Silvio E. Inzucchi ◽  
Ashok Balasubramanyam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Black African ◽  
Β Cell Function

<b>Objective:</b> We investigated sex and racial differences in insulin sensitivity, β-cell function and HbA1c, and the associations with selected phenotypic characteristics. <p><b>Research Design and Methods:</b> This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 3,108 GRADE participants. All had type 2 diabetes diagnosed <10 years and were on metformin monotherapy. Insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-S) and estimates from oral glucose tolerance tests including the Matsuda index, insulinogenic index (IGI), C-peptide index (CPI) and oral disposition index (DI).</p> <p><b>Results:</b> The cohort was 56.6±10 years of age (mean±SD), 63.8% male, with BMI 34.2±6.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, HbA1c 7.5±0.5% and type 2 diabetes duration 4.0±2.8 years. Women had higher DI than men but similar insulin sensitivity. DI was the highest in Black/African Americans, followed by American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians and Whites in descending order. Compared to white, American Indian/Alaska Native had significantly higher HbA1c but Black/African Americans and Asians had lower HbA1c. However, when adjusted for glucose levels, Black/African Americans had higher HbA1c than whites. Insulin sensitivity correlated inversely with BMI, waist to hip ratio, triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL- C) and the presence of metabolic syndrome; whereas DI was associated directly with age and inversely with BMI, HbA1c and TG/HDL-C. </p> <p><b>Conclusion</b>: In the GRADE cohort, β-cell function differed by sex and race and was associated with the concurrent level of HbA1c. HbA1c also differed among the races, but not sex. Age, BMI and TG/HDL-C were associated with multiple measures of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity.<br> </p>

scholarly journals Association of Baseline Characteristics With Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) Study Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Rasouli ◽  
Naji Younes ◽  
Kristina M. Utzschneider ◽  
Silvio E. Inzucchi ◽  
Ashok Balasubramanyam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Black African ◽  
Β Cell Function

<b>Objective:</b> We investigated sex and racial differences in insulin sensitivity, β-cell function and HbA1c, and the associations with selected phenotypic characteristics. <p><b>Research Design and Methods:</b> This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 3,108 GRADE participants. All had type 2 diabetes diagnosed <10 years and were on metformin monotherapy. Insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-S) and estimates from oral glucose tolerance tests including the Matsuda index, insulinogenic index (IGI), C-peptide index (CPI) and oral disposition index (DI).</p> <p><b>Results:</b> The cohort was 56.6±10 years of age (mean±SD), 63.8% male, with BMI 34.2±6.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, HbA1c 7.5±0.5% and type 2 diabetes duration 4.0±2.8 years. Women had higher DI than men but similar insulin sensitivity. DI was the highest in Black/African Americans, followed by American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians and Whites in descending order. Compared to white, American Indian/Alaska Native had significantly higher HbA1c but Black/African Americans and Asians had lower HbA1c. However, when adjusted for glucose levels, Black/African Americans had higher HbA1c than whites. Insulin sensitivity correlated inversely with BMI, waist to hip ratio, triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL- C) and the presence of metabolic syndrome; whereas DI was associated directly with age and inversely with BMI, HbA1c and TG/HDL-C. </p> <p><b>Conclusion</b>: In the GRADE cohort, β-cell function differed by sex and race and was associated with the concurrent level of HbA1c. HbA1c also differed among the races, but not sex. Age, BMI and TG/HDL-C were associated with multiple measures of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity.<br> </p>

scholarly journals Common Risk Factors in Relatives and Spouses of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Developing Prediabetes

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Wei-Hao Hsu ◽  
Chin-Wei Tseng ◽  
Yu-Ting Huang ◽  
Ching-Chao Liang ◽  
Mei-Yueh Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Β Cell Function

Prediabetes should be viewed as an increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated its prevalence among the relatives and spouses of patients with type 2 diabetes or risk factors for prediabetes, insulin resistance, and β-cell function. A total of 175 individuals were included and stratified into three groups: controls, and relatives and spouses of type 2 diabetic patients. We compared clinical characteristics consisting of a homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA-β), a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and triglyceride glucose (TyG) index. After a multivariable linear regression analysis, the relative group was independently correlated with high fasting glucose, a high TyG index, and low β-cell function; the relatives and spouses were independently associated with a low QUICKI. The relatives and spouses equally had a higher prevalence of prediabetes. These study also indicated that the relatives had multiple factors predicting the development of diabetes mellitus, and that the spouses may share a number of common environmental factors associated with low insulin sensitivity.

Immediate enhancement of first-phase insulin secretion and unchanged glucose effectiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. E535-E544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoffer Martinussen ◽  
Kirstine N. Bojsen-Møller ◽  
Carsten Dirksen ◽  
Siv H. Jacobsen ◽  
Nils B. Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
First Phase Insulin Secretion

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) in patients with type 2 diabetes often leads to early disease remission, and it is unknown to what extent this involves improved pancreatic β-cell function per se and/or enhanced insulin- and non-insulin-mediated glucose disposal (glucose effectiveness). We studied 30 obese patients, including 10 with type 2 diabetes, 8 with impaired glucose tolerance, and 12 with normal glucose tolerance before, 1 wk, and 3 mo after RYGB, using an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) to estimate first-phase insulin response, insulin sensitivity (Si), and glucose effectiveness with Bergman's minimal model. In the fasting state, insulin sensitivity was estimated by HOMA-S and β-cell function by HOMA-β. Moreover, mixed-meal tests and oral GTTs were performed. In patients with type 2 diabetes, glucose levels normalized after RYGB, first-phase insulin secretion in response to iv glucose increased twofold, and HOMA-β already improved 1 wk postoperatively, with further enhancements at 3 mo. Insulin sensitivity increased in the liver (HOMA-S) at 1 wk and at 3 mo in peripheral tissues (Si), whereas glucose effectiveness did not improve significantly. During oral testing, GLP-1 responses and insulin secretion increased regardless of glucose tolerance. Therefore, in addition to increased insulin sensitivity and exaggerated postprandial GLP-1 levels, diabetes remission after RYGB involves early improvement of pancreatic β-cell function per se, reflected in enhanced first-phase insulin secretion to iv glucose and increased HOMA-β. A major role for improved glucose effectiveness after RYGB was not supported by this study.

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