Physiological relevance of tumor necrosis factor in mediating macrophage-Leydig cell interactions.

Endocrinology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Moore ◽  
J C Hutson
Endocrinology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 2863-2868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Mauduit ◽  
Françoise Gasnier ◽  
Catherine Rey ◽  
Marie-Agnès Chauvin ◽  
Douglas M. Stocco ◽  
...  

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1237-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kokura ◽  
Robert E. Wolf ◽  
Toshikazu Yoshikawa ◽  
D. Neil Granger ◽  
Tak Yee Aw

2015 ◽  
Vol 290 (20) ◽  
pp. 12603-12613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Kobayashi ◽  
Norikazu Kiguchi ◽  
Yohji Fukazawa ◽  
Fumihiro Saika ◽  
Takehiko Maeda ◽  
...  

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianglin Fan ◽  
Tatsuro Shimokama ◽  
Seiji Haraoka ◽  
Osamu Tokunaga ◽  
Teruo Watanabe

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Letícia de Castro Barbosa ◽  
Milla Machado Fumian ◽  
Ana Luísa Palhares de Miranda ◽  
Eliezer J. Barreiro ◽  
Lídia Moreira Lima

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) consists of an inflammatory cytokine essential for homeostasis and organism defense. Despite its physiological relevance, both increased biosynthesis and release of TNF lead to the exacerbation of inflammatory and oxidative responses, which are related to the pathogenesis of a host of diseases of an inflammatory, autoimmune and/or infectious nature. In this context, effective therapeutic approaches for the modulation of TNF have been the focus of research efforts. Approximately one million individuals worldwide have been treated with biotechnological inhibitors of this cytokine, the so-called anti-TNF biopharmaceuticals. However, given the high risk of infection and the limitations related to cost and administration routes, new therapeutic approaches aimed at biological targets that directly or indirectly modulate the production and/or activation of TNF appear promising alternatives for the discovery of new anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory orally active drugs and are therefore discussed in this paper.


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