scholarly journals D-DEMØ, a distinct phenotype caused by ATP1A3 mutations

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e466
Author(s):  
Lyndsey Prange ◽  
Milton Pratt ◽  
Kristin Herman ◽  
Raphael Schiffmann ◽  
David M. Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Cerebellar Hypoplasia ◽  
Complex Partial Seizures ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Related Phenotype ◽  
The Face ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

ObjectiveTo describe a phenotype caused by ATP1A3 mutations, which manifests as dystonia, dysmorphism of the face, encephalopathy with developmental delay, brain MRI abnormalities always including cerebellar hypoplasia, no hemiplegia (Ø) (D-DEMØ), and neonatal onset.MethodsReview and analysis of clinical and genetic data.ResultsPatients shared the above traits and had whole-exome sequencing that showed de novo variants of the ATP1A3 gene, predicted to be disease causing and occurring in regions of the protein critical for pump function. Patient 1 (c.1079C>G, p.Thr360Arg), an 8-year-old girl, presented on day 1 of life with episodic dystonia, complex partial seizures, and facial dysmorphism. MRI of the brain revealed cerebellar hypoplasia. Patient 2 (c.420G>T, p.Gln140His), an 18-year-old man, presented on day 1 of life with hypotonia, tremor, and facial dysmorphism. He later developed dystonia. MRI of the brain revealed cerebellar hypoplasia and, later, further cerebellar volume loss (atrophy). Patient 3 (c.974G>A, Gly325Asp), a 13-year-old girl, presented on day 1 of life with tremor, episodic dystonia, and facial dysmorphism. MRI of the brain showed severe cerebellar hypoplasia. Patient 4 (c.971A>G, p.Glu324Gly), a 14-year-old boy, presented on day 1 of life with tremor, hypotonia, dystonia, nystagmus, facial dysmorphism, and later seizures. MRI of the brain revealed moderate cerebellar hypoplasia.ConclusionsD-DEMØ represents an ATP1A3-related phenotype, the observation of which should trigger investigation for ATP1A3 mutations. Our findings, and the presence of multiple distinct ATP1A3-related phenotypes, support the possibility that there are differences in the underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Identification of novel CSNK2A1 variants and the genotype–phenotype relationship in patients with Okur–Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome: a case report and systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110170
Author(s):  
Ruo-hao Wu ◽  
Wen-ting Tang ◽  
Kun-yin Qiu ◽  
Xiao-juan Li ◽  
Dan-xia Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Gtp Binding ◽  
Phenotypic Spectrum ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
First Time ◽  
Binding Loop

De novo germline variants of the casein kinase 2α subunit (CK2α) gene ( CSNK2A1) have been reported in individuals with the congenital neuropsychiatric disorder Okur–Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome (OCNS). Here, we report on two unrelated children with OCNS and review the literature to explore the genotype–phenotype relationship in OCNS. Both children showed facial dysmorphism, growth retardation, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified two novel de novo CSNK2A1 variants: c.479A>G p.(H160R) and c.238C>T p.(R80C). A search of the literature identified 12 studies that provided information on 35 CSNK2A1 variants in various protein-coding regions of CK2α. By quantitatively analyzing data related to these CSNK2A1 variants and their corresponding phenotypes, we showed for the first time that mutations in protein-coding CK2α regions appear to influence the phenotypic spectrum of OCNS. Mutations altering the ATP/GTP-binding loop were more likely to cause the widest range of phenotypes. Therefore, any assessment of clinical spectra for this disorder should be extremely thorough. This study not only expands the mutational spectrum of OCNS, but also provides a comprehensive overview to improve our understanding of the genotype–phenotype relationship in OCNS.

scholarly journals New case of Baraitzer-Winter Cerebrofrontofacial syndrome due to p.Ile136Val mutation in ACTB gene

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
А.А. Гусина ◽  
С. Л. Куликова ◽  
В.Д. Кулак ◽  
Н.Б. Гусина
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Hereditary Disease ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Healthy Siblings ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Brain

Введение. Синдром Барайтсера-Винтера (BWCFF) - очень редкое аутосомно-доминантное наследственное заболевание, обусловленное мутациями в генах ACTB и ACTG1. Практически все известные случаи этого заболевания обусловлены миссенс-мутациями в генах ACTB и ACTG1, возникшими de novo. В этой работе представлен новый случай синдрома BWCFF, обусловленный мутацией p.Ile136Val в гене ACTB. Пациенты и методы. Пробанд - мальчик 6 лет 8 месяцев, из двойни. Фенотип пациента анализировали с использованием приложения Face2Gene. Пробанду и всем членам его семьи проведено секвенирование 1-4 экзонов и прилежащих интронных последовательностей гена ACTB. Результаты. У пробанда отмечены характерные симптомы BWCFF: постнатальная пограничная микроцефалия, специфические дизморфии, колобомы радужной оболочки обоих глаз, короткая шея с крыловидными складками, эпилепсия, врожденный порок сердца. В отличие от большинства случаев синдрома у пациента отсутствовали задержка интеллектуального развития, а также грубые изменения коры или других структур головного мозга. В результате секвенирования экзонов гена АСТВ у пациента была выявлена замена с.406A>G (p.Ile136Val, rs1554329352) в гетерозиготном состоянии. У родителей пробанда и здоровых сибсов мутация не была обнаружена. Заключение. Использование современных технологий фенотипирования позволило предположить клинический диагноз, провести эффективный целенаправленный поиск мутаций в гене ACTB и диагностировать новый случай синдрома BWCFF. Introduction Baraitser-Winter Syndrome (BWCFF) is a very rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused by mutations in the ACTB and ACTG1 genes. Almost all known cases of this disease are caused by de novo missense mutations in the ACTB and ACTG1. In this paper we present a new case of BWCFF syndrome, due to p.Ile136Val mutation in the ACTB gene. Patients and methods. Proband - a boy, 6 years 8 months, out of twins. The patient’s phenotype was analyzed using the Face2Gene application. Direct sequencing of 1-4 exons and the adjacent intron sequences of the ACTB gene was performed in proband and all members of his family. Results. The proband has characteristic symptoms of BWCFF: postnatal borderline microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, iris colobomas of both eyes, short, webbed neck, epilepsy, congenital heart defect. Unlike most cases of the syndrome the patient does not have developmental delay and gross changes in the cortex or other structures of the brain. ACTB gene sequencing resulted in detection of heterozygous missense mutation p.406A> G (p.Ile136Val, rs1554329352) in proband. This mutation was not found in his parents and healthy siblings. Conclusion The use of modern phenotyping technologies allowed us to suggest the correct clinical diagnosis, to conduct an effective targeted search for mutations in the ACTB gene and diagnose a new case of BWCFF syndrome.

scholarly journals Severe neurodevelopmental disease caused by a homozygous TLK2 variant

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Töpf ◽  
Yavuz Oktay ◽  
Sunitha Balaraju ◽  
Elmasnur Yilmaz ◽  
Ece Sonmezler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Missense Variant ◽  
Cerebellar Vermis ◽  
Language Delay ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disease ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Phenotype

Abstract A distinct neurodevelopmental phenotype characterised mainly by mild motor and language delay and facial dysmorphism, caused by heterozygous de novo or dominant variants in the TLK2 gene has recently been described. All cases reported carried either truncating variants located throughout the gene, or missense changes principally located at the C-terminal end of the protein mostly resulting in haploinsufficiency of TLK2. Through whole exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous missense variant in TLK2 in a patient showing more severe symptoms than those previously described, including cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and West syndrome. Both parents are heterozygous for the variant and clinically unaffected highlighting that recessive variants in TLK2 can also be disease causing and may act through a different pathomechanism.

scholarly journals A severe clinical phenotype of Noonan syndrome with neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the second case worldwide with RAF1 S259Y neomutation

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hager Jaouadi ◽  
Amel Ben Chehida ◽  
Lilia Kraoua ◽  
Heather C. Etchevers ◽  
Laurent Argiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Noonan Syndrome ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Tunisian Patient

AbstractNoonan syndrome and related disorders are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous conditions caused by mutations in genes of the RAS/MAPK pathway. Noonan syndrome causes multiple congenital anomalies, which are frequently accompanied by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We report here a Tunisian patient with a severe phenotype of Noonan syndrome including neonatal HCM, facial dysmorphism, severe failure to thrive, cutaneous abnormalities, pectus excavatum and severe stunted growth, who died in her eighth month of life. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified a de novo mutation in exon 7 of the RAF1 gene: c.776C > A (p.Ser259Tyr). This mutation affects a highly conserved serine residue, a main mediator of Raf-1 inhibition via phosphorylation. To our knowledge the c.776C > A mutation has been previously reported in only one case with prenatally diagnosed Noonan syndrome. Our study further supports the striking correlation of RAF1 mutations with HCM and highlights the clinical severity of Noonan syndrome associated with a RAF1 p.Ser259Tyr mutation.

scholarly journals Posterior Lissencephaly Associated with Subcortical Band Heterotopia Due to a Variation in the CEP85L Gene: A Case Report and Refining of the Phenotypic Spectrum

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Gianluca Contrò ◽  
Alessia Micalizzi ◽  
Sara Giangiobbe ◽  
Stefano Giuseppe Caraffi ◽  
Roberta Zuntini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Subcortical Band Heterotopia ◽  
Double Cortex ◽  
Cerebral Convolutions

Lissencephaly describes a group of conditions characterized by the absence of normal cerebral convolutions and abnormalities of cortical development. To date, at least 20 genes have been identified as involved in the pathogenesis of this condition. Variants in CEP85L, encoding a protein involved in the regulation of neuronal migration, have been recently described as causative of lissencephaly with a posterior-prevalent involvement of the cerebral cortex and an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Here, we describe a 3-year-old boy with slightly delayed psychomotor development and mild dysmorphic features, including bitemporal narrowing, protruding ears with up-lifted lobes and posterior plagiocephaly. Brain MRI at birth identified type 1 lissencephaly, prevalently in the temporo–occipito–parietal regions of both hemispheres with “double-cortex” (Dobyns’ 1–2 degree) periventricular band alterations. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a previously unreported de novo pathogenic variant in the CEP85L gene (NM_001042475.3:c.232+1del). Only 20 patients have been reported as carriers of pathogenic CEP85L variants to date. They show lissencephaly with prevalent posterior involvement, variable cognitive deficits and epilepsy. The present case report indicates the clinical variability associated with CEP85L variants that are not invariantly associated with severe phenotypes and poor outcome, and underscores the importance of including this gene in diagnostic panels for lissencephaly.

Delineation of Syndromes Due to Partial 6q Imbalances. Trisomy 6q21→qter and Monosomy 6q221→qter in Two Unrelated Patients

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dallapiccola ◽  
Franca Dagna Bricarelli ◽  
A. Rasore Quartino ◽  
Maria Cristina Mazzilli ◽  
Rosanna Chisci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Chromosome 6 ◽  
Craniofacial Abnormalities ◽  
Nasal Bridge ◽  
Growth Deficiency ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
The Face

Two unrelated patients carrying imbalances involving the long arm of chromosome 6 are described. In the first trisomy 6q21→qter had segregated from a maternal translocation t(6 ; 16)(q15 ; q24). The clinical data of the proposita are compared with those of three other published cases. A partial 6q trisomy syndrome is postulated characterized by: growth deficiency of prenatal onset, psychomotor retardation, craniofacial abnormalities (microcephalia, hypertelorism, downward slanting palpebral fissures, flattened nasal bridge, long philtrum, hypoplastic perioral features, large jaw resulting in a round appearance of the face, receding chin, malformed ears) and dysmorphic extremities (contractures of limbs due to short flexor tendons, hypoplastic fingers, toes and nails). In the second case, monosomy 6q221→qter resulted from a de novo rearrangement and was responsible for mental retardation and facial dysmorphism (reduced biparietal diameter, hypotelorism, absent eyebrows, prominent nose, ptosis, receding chin, dysmorphic ears). Studies of HLA and PGM3 segregation showed normal inheritance patterns and ruled out the location of these genes in bands 6q221→qter.

scholarly journals Leukoencephalopathia, demyelinating peripheral neuropathy and dural ectasia explained by a not formerly described de novo mutation in the SAMD9L gene, ends 27 years of investigations – A case report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Thunström ◽  
Markus Axelsson
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
De Novo Mutation ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Demyelinating Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Multiple Cysts

Abstract Background: Missense mutations in SAMD9L gene is associated with ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome (ATXPC), OMIM#159550. Common clinical features in these patients include neurological and hematological symptoms. The phenotype and age of onset is variable. Case presentation: In this case report whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a not previously reported de novo variant c.2686T>G, p.(Phe896Val) in SAMD9L in a patient with widespread findings of slow developing pathology in the peripheral and central nervous system. The clinical picture was dominated by neurological symptoms, unlike previously described cases, and in addition dural ectasias and multiple cysts in the brain was observed using magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions: This case underscores the effect of variable expressivity, i.e. different mutations in the same gene can cause different phenotypes.

scholarly journals Expansion of PURA-Related Phenotypes and Discovery of a Novel PURA Variant: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2329048X2095500
Author(s):  
Nicole J. Boczek ◽  
Erica L. Macke ◽  
Jennifer Kemppainen ◽  
Eric W. Klee ◽  
Deborah L. Renaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Related Phenotype ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Form

Variants in PURA have recently been associated with an autosomal dominant form of PURA-related neurodevelopmental disorders. Using whole exome sequencing, patients with neurological phenotypes including hypotonia, developmental delay, learning disabilities, and seizures were identified to have de novo variants in PURA. We describe a proband with features similar to the previously described cases with PURA variants, but including additional features, such as short stature, delayed bone age, and delayed puberty. Exome sequencing revealed a novel pathogenic nonsense variant, c.190A>T (p.Lys64*; NM_005859), in PURA that was not inherited from the proband’s mother. In the recent literature, a significant number of patients with variants in PURA have been described, but to our knowledge, none of these patients have the delayed bone age and growth plateau observed in the proband. It is therefore possible that the above PURA variant may be responsible for the novel features and thus expands the PURA-related phenotype spectrum.

scholarly journals Leukoencephalopathia, demyelinating peripheral neuropathy and dural ectasia explained by a not formerly described de novo mutation in the SAMD9L gene, ends 27 years of investigations – A case report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Thunström ◽  
Markus Axelsson
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
De Novo Mutation ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Demyelinating Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Multiple Cysts

Abstract Background: Missense mutations in SAMD9L gene is associated with ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome (ATXPC), OMIM#159550. Common clinical features in these patients include neurological and hematological symptoms. The phenotype and age of onset is variable. Case presentation: In this case report whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a not previously reported de novo variant c.2686T>G, p.(Phe896Val) in SAMD9L in a patient with widespread findings of slow developing pathology in the peripheral and central nervous system. The clinical picture was dominated by neurological symptoms, unlike previously described cases, and in addition dural ectasias and multiple cysts in the brain was observed using magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions: This case underscores the effect of variable expressivity, i.e. different mutations in the same gene can cause different phenotypes.

scholarly journals Prenatal diagnosis of auriculocondylar syndrome with a novel missense variant of GNAI3: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoliang Liu ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Guoming Chu ◽  
Rong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Missense Variant ◽  
Mandibular Hypoplasia ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Binding Function ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
The Face ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Binding

Abstract Background Auriculocondylar syndrome (ACS) is a rare disorder characterized by micrognathia, mandibular condyle hypoplasia, and auricular abnormalities. Only 6 pathogenic variants of GNAI3 have been identified associated with ACS so far. Here, we report a case of prenatal genetic diagnosis of ACS carrying a novel GNAI3 variant. Case presentation A woman with 30 weeks of gestation was referred to genetic counseling for polyhydramnios and fetal craniofacial anomaly. Severe micrognathia and mandibular hypoplasia were identified on ultrasonography. The mandibular length was 2.4 cm, which was markedly smaller than the 95th percentile. The ears were low-set with no cleft or notching between the lobe and helix. The face was round with prominent cheeks. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel de novo missense variant of c.140G > A in the GNAI3 gene. This mutation caused an amino acid substitution of p.Ser47Asn in the highly conserved G1 motif, which was predicted to impair the guanine nucleotide-binding function. All ACS cases with GNAI3 mutations were literature reviewed, revealing female-dominated severe cases and right-side-prone deformities. Conclusion Severe micrognathia and mandibular hypoplasia accompanied by polyhydramnios are prenatal indicators of ACS. We expanded the mutation spectrum of GNAI3 and summarized clinical features to promote awareness of ACS.

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