Depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, and risk of AD in older persons

BackgroundData from surveys involving 21 724 subjects aged ⩾65 years were analysed using a harmonised depression symptom scale, the EURO–D.AimsTo describe and compare the effects of age, gender and mental status on depressive symptoms across Europe.MethodWe tested for the effects of centre, age, gender and marital status on EURO–D score. Between-centre variance was partitioned according to centre characteristics: region, religion and survey instrument used.ResultsEURO–D scores tended to increase with age, women scored higher than men, and widowed and separated subjects scored higher than others. The EURO–D scale could be reduced into two factors: affective suffering, responsible for the gender difference, and motivation, accounting for the positive association with age.ConclusionsLarge between-centre differences in depression symptoms were not explained by demography or by the depression measure used in the survey. Consistent, small effects of age, gender and marital status were observed across Europe. Depression may be overdiagnosed in older persons because of an increase in lack of motivation that may be affectively neutral, and is possibly related to cognitive decline.

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Depressive symptoms prior to and after incident cardiovascular disease and long-term survival. A population-based study of older persons

Depression and Anxiety ◽

10.1002/da.22689 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 18-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rosanne Freak-Poli ◽

M. Arfan Ikram ◽

Oscar H Franco ◽

Albert Hofman ◽

Henning Tiemeier

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Older Persons ◽

Population Based ◽

Term Survival ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Long Term Survival ◽

Incident Cardiovascular Disease

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Cognitive decline after hospitalization in a community population of older persons

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182653b05 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 79 (5) ◽

pp. 486-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Lutwak

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Decline ◽

Older Persons ◽

Community Population

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Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Decline in Late Life

Archives of General Psychiatry ◽

10.1001/archpsyc.63.2.153 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 153 ◽

Cited By ~ 180

Author(s):

Mary Ganguli ◽

Yangchun Du ◽

Hiroko H. Dodge ◽

Graham G. Ratcliff ◽

Chung-Chou H. Chang

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Late Life

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The course of depression in the elderly: a longitudinal community-based study in Australia

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291796004199 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 119-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 127

Author(s):

A. S. HENDERSON ◽

A. E. KORTEN ◽

P. A. JACOMB ◽

A. J. MACKINNON ◽

A. F. JORM ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Service Use ◽

Community Sample ◽

The Elderly ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Sample Attrition ◽

Poor Social Support ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Depressive States

Background. We report the outcome of depressive states after 3-4 years in a community sample of the elderly.Methods. A sample of 1045 persons aged 70+ years in 1990–1 was re-interviewed after 3·6 years.Results. Mortality (21·7%) and refusal or non-availability (10·4%) were higher in those who initially had had a diagnosis or symptoms of depression. Of those with an ICD-10 depressive episode in 1990–1, 13% retained that diagnosis. Of those who were not depressed initially only 2·5% had become cases. Depression was unrelated to age or apolipoprotein E genotype. The best predictors of the number of depressive symptoms at follow-up was the number at Wave 1, followed by deterioration in health and in activities of daily living, high neuroticism, poor current health, poor social support, low current activity levels and high service use. Depressive symptoms at Wave 1 did not predict subsequent cognitive decline or dementia.Conclusions. Non-random sample attrition is unavoidable. ICD-10 criteria yield more cases than other systems, while continuous measures of symptoms confer analytical advantages. Risk factors for depressive states in the elderly have been further identified. The prognosis for these states is favourable. At the community level, depressive symptoms do not seem to predict cognitive decline, as they do in referred series.

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Impact of Depressive Symptoms on Hospitalization Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Persons

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ◽

10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb02602.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 1279-1284 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Benjamin Y. Huang ◽

Joan Cornoni-Huntley ◽

Judith C. Hays ◽

Robert R. Huntley ◽

Anthony N. Galanos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Older Persons ◽

Community Dwelling

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Differences in quantitative methods for measuring subjective cognitive decline – results from a prospective memory clinic study

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610216000272 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (9) ◽

pp. 1513-1520 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Asmus Vogel ◽

Lise Cronberg Salem ◽

Birgitte Bo Andersen ◽

Gunhild Waldemar

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Memory Clinic ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Wide Range

ABSTRACTBackground:Cognitive complaints occur frequently in elderly people and may be a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline. Results from studies on subjective cognitive decline are difficult to compare due to variability in assessment methods, and little is known about how different methods influence reports of cognitive decline.Methods:The Subjective Memory Complaints Scale (SMC) and The Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q) were applied in 121 mixed memory clinic patients with mild cognitive symptoms (mean MMSE = 26.8, SD 2.7). The scales were applied independently and raters were blinded to results from the other scale. Scales were not used for diagnostic classification. Cognitive performances and depressive symptoms were also rated. We studied the association between the two measures and investigated the scales’ relation to depressive symptoms, age, and cognitive status.Results:SMC and MAC-Q were significantly associated (r = 0.44, N = 121, p = 0.015) and both scales had a wide range of scores. In this mixed cohort of patients, younger age was associated with higher SMC scores. There were no significant correlations between cognitive test performances and scales measuring subjective decline. Depression scores were significantly correlated to both scales measuring subjective decline. Linear regression models showed that age did not have a significant contribution to the variance in subjective memory beyond that of depressive symptoms.Conclusions:Measures for subjective cognitive decline are not interchangeable when used in memory clinics and the application of different scales in previous studies is an important factor as to why studies show variability in the association between subjective cognitive decline and background data and/or clinical results. Careful consideration should be taken as to which questions are relevant and have validity when operationalizing subjective cognitive decline.

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