Pain on Injection of Lipid-Free Propofol and Propofol Emulsion Containing Medium-Chain Triglyceride: A Comparative Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1060-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash K. Dubey ◽  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Pain On Injection

Effect of a 0.5% Dilution of Propofol on Pain on Injection during Induction of Anesthesia in Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Soltész ◽  
Malte Silomon ◽  
Gerhard Gräf ◽  
Thomas Mencke ◽  
Sabiha Boulaadass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Pain On Injection ◽  
Pain Reaction ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Long Chain Triglyceride

Background Pain on injection of propofol in children has been reported to be as high as 30-80%. The reason for the pain is assumed to be the aqueous phase of the propofol emulsion. Therefore, for the first time, this study tested the hypothesis that dilution of propofol to a 0.5% emulsion might reduce the incidence of pain during propofol injection. Methods The study design was prospective, monocenter, double-blind, and randomized. Sixty-four children aged 2-6 yr were scheduled to receive 0.5% or 1.0% propofol in a medium-chain-triglyceride/long-chain-triglyceride emulsion. Incidence and intensity of pain were assessed by spontaneous expressions of pain and withdrawal of the arm. In a subgroup of 21 children, serum triglyceride levels were measured before and 3 and 20 min after induction. Adverse events were recorded. Results Amounts of propofol required until loss of eyelash reflex were 4.40+/-1.01 mg/kg for 0.5% propofol and 4.31+/-0.86 mg/kg for 1.0% propofol. Percentages of children who showed at least one pain reaction were 23.3% in the 0.5% propofol group and 70.0% in the 1.0% propofol group (P<0.001). Serum triglycerides were higher in the 0.5% propofol group 3 and 20 min after injection (251.7 vs. 148.8 mg/dl; P=0.001 and 135.5 vs. 75.5 mg/dl; P=0.03). Adverse events or complications did not occur. Conclusions Dilution of propofol to a 0.5% medium-chain-triglyceride/long-chain-triglyceride emulsion reduced pain effectively during injection in children aged 2-6 yr. Cumulative doses until 4-5 mg/kg propofol led to moderate increases of triglyceride levels and did not result in significant adverse events.

scholarly journals Stabilisation of Lutein and Lutein Esters with Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monooleate, Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil and Lecithin

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Zala Gombač ◽  
Ilja Gasan Osojnik Črnivec ◽  
Mihaela Skrt ◽  
Katja Istenič ◽  
Andreja Knez Knafelj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Poorly Soluble

Lutein is a challenging compound to incorporate into food, as it is poorly soluble and unstable in aqueous solutions. In this study, the aim was to prepare stable encapsulates of lutein and lutein esters using feasible and straightforward techniques. Fine suspensions based on polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and medium-chain triglyceride oil micelle-like units with 3.45% lutein esters or 1.9% lutein equivalents provided high encapsulation efficiencies of 79% and 83%, respectively. Lutein encapsulated in fine suspensions showed superior stability, as 86% was retained within the formulation over 250 days at 25 °C in the dark. Under the same storage conditions, only 38% of lutein remained in corresponding formulations. Higher encapsulation efficiencies were achieved with lecithin emulsions, at up to 99.3% for formulations with lutein, and up to 91.4% with lutein esters. In lecithin emulsions that were stored for 250 days, 17% and 80% of lutein and lutein esters, respectively, were retained within the formulations.

Rickets and a medium chain triglyceride diet

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Keating ◽  
Donald B. Strominger ◽  
John Poulos
Keyword(s):  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride Diet

scholarly journals CORRECTION OF THE “PHYSIOLOGIC” MALABSORPTION OF THE PREMATURE BY A MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE(MCT) FORMULA

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
C C Roy ◽  
M Ste-Marie ◽  
A Weber ◽  
H Bard ◽  
B Doray
Keyword(s):  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Medium Chain

Medium-chain triglyceride loading test in carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency: Insights on treatment

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Parini ◽  
F. Invernizzi ◽  
F. Menni ◽  
B. Garavaglia ◽  
D. Melotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Acylcarnitine Translocase

Gastric Lipolysis and Fat Absorption in Preterm Infants: Effect of Medium-Chain Triglyceride or Long-Chain Triglyceride-Containing Formulas

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Hamosh ◽  
Joel Bitman ◽  
Teresa H. Liao ◽  
N. R. Mehta ◽  
R. J. Buczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Long Chain Triglyceride

The extent of gastric lipolysis, fat absorption, and infant weight gain was studied in 12 preterm infants (gestational age 28.75 ± 0.50 weeks, postnatal age 6.08 ± 0.81 weeks) fed medium-chain triglyceride or long-chain triglyceride formula for 1 week in a crossover design. The former formula contained 42% of 8:0 and 10:0 and 19% of 12:0, 14:0, and 16:0; the latter formula contained only 7% of 8:0 and 10:0 and 46% of 12:0, 14:0, and 16:0. Gastric aspirates were obtained on the second and third day of formula feeding for quantitation of lipase activity and of the extent of gastric lipolysis. Fat balance studies were conducted during the last three days of each feeding regimen. The study showed that (1) there was marked hydrolysis of formula fat in the stomach during feeding of either medium-chain triglyceride formula or long-chain triglyceride formula (20% and 16%, respectively); (2) lipase activity in the gastric aspirates was less during feeding of medium-chain triglyceride formula than before the meal, which suggested stimulation of lipase secretion by long-chain fatty acid released from long-chain triglyceride formula fat or more rapid binding of lipase to ingested lipid in the medium-chain triglyceride formula; (3) fatty acid distribution in glycerides and free fatty acids showed preferential release of medium-chain (8:0, 10:0) and long-chain unsaturated (18:1, 18:2) fatty acids in the stomach. The low content of 8:0 and 10:0 in gastric triglyceride and free fatty acids suggested that medium-chain fatty acids were absorbed directly in the stomach. (4) fat balance studies showed almost identical absorption rates (84.6% ± 3.1% and 82.8% ± 4.0%) and weight gain (23.0 ± 1.5 g/d and 20.8 ± 1.8 g/d) during feeding of either medium-chain triglyceride or long-chain triglyceride formula. In this study, in which each infant was fed either formula alternately, it was shown that although the extent of fat digestion varied among infants, medium-chain and long-chain triglyceride were absorbed to the same extent by most infants.

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