Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Vertebral Column Pathological Conditions

Neurosurgery ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark N. Hadley ◽  
Volker K. H. Sonntag ◽  
Rob M. Amos ◽  
John A. Hodak ◽  
Lynda J. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Craniovertebral Junction ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Valuable Adjunct

Abstract Three-dimensional computed tomographic scanning is a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis and treatment of disease processes involving the spine. We present our experience with this noninvasive radiological diagnostic technique in 32 patients with vertebral column abnormalities ranging from craniovertebral junction disorders to fractures of lumbar vertebrae. The three-dimensional CT images often demonstrate pathological conditions and occult lesions that are not adequately defined by conventional radiographic means.

Computed tomographic study of safe implantation corridors in rabbit lumbar vertebrae

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (05) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tisha Harper ◽  
Stephen Joslyn ◽  
Julia Whittington ◽  
Devon Hague ◽  
Mark Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Bone Stock ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
The Mean

Summary Objectives: A study was performed to evaluate the lumbar vertebrae of domestic rabbits using computed tomography (CT) in order to identify safe corridors for implant insertion. Methods: Computed tomography imaging of 20 adult New Zealand white rabbits was evaluated using three-dimensional multi -planar reconstruction, and safe corridors were determined. Following corridor determination, implant placement was performed, and imaging was repeated. Results: The cranial and caudal endplates contained the majority of the vertebral bone stock, and were an average of 3.14 and 3.30 mm in length, respectively. The mean safe corridor angle was 62.9 degrees (range: 58.8–66.7), and the mean width of the corridor was 2.03 mm (range: 1.60– 2.07). Post-placement imaging revealed that 35% of the pins demonstrated errors of placement, most commonly canal impingement. Conclusions: The results of the corridor evaluation indicate that an insertion angle of approximately 60 degrees relative to the sagittal midline is appropriate for implant insertion in the lumbar vertebrae of New Zealand white rabbits. Additionally, due to the hourglass shape of rabbit vertebrae, the endplates provide maximal bone stock for implant purchase, so insertion should be attempted in these regions. However, the high percentage of errors in placement indicate the need to more clearly define entry points to access the canal, and highlight the challenges of appropriate placement in the small bones of rabbits.

Three-dimensional computed tomography in the diagnosis of vertebral column pathological conditions

Neurosurgery ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 186???92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M N Hadley ◽  
V K Sonntag ◽  
M R Amos ◽  
J A Hodak ◽  
L J Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Diagnosis and t-staging of gastric cancer: comparison of standard computed tomography and computed-tomographic pneumogastrography

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Inna D. Amelina ◽  
Lev N. Shevkunov ◽  
Aleksey M. Karachun ◽  
Alexander E. Mikhnin ◽  
Denis V. Nesterov
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
T Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Virtual Gastroscopy

The advantages of computed tomographic pneumogastrography with the possibility of three-dimensional visualization and virtual gastroscopy in diagnosing gastric cancer are considered. The study included 479 patients with histologically diagnosed gastric cancer who were treated at the National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov from 2011 to 2018. 232 patients received preoperative chemotherapy. All patients underwent surgery: 70 in the volume of endoscopic dissection, 40 proximal subtotal resection, 166 distal subtotal resection, 203 gastrectomy. All patients at the preoperative stage underwent staging computed tomography on a 64-slice X-ray computed tomograph: 208 patients underwent computed tomography according to the standard protocol without targeted preparation of the stomach for the study, 271 patients with targeted preparation of the stomach for the study according to the computed tomographic pneumogastrography protocol. The sensitivity of the computed tomography in assessing the T-stage was assessed by comparison with pathomorphological data. Of the 208 patients who underwent computed tomography according to the standard protocol, a gastric cancer was detected in 111 (53.4%), out of 271 patients who underwent computed tomography pneumogastrography, a gastric cancer was detected in 267 (98.52%), which is a statistically significant difference in comparing computed tomography methods (Pearson, 144.223, df = 1; p 0.001). There are statistically significant differences when comparing computed tomography according to the standard protocol and computed tomographic pneumogastrography in detecting gastric cancer for all tumor categories: T/yT1 8.2 and 94.4% (Pearson, 99.205, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT2 47.8 and 100% (Pearson, 24.681, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT3 72.3 and 100% (Pearson, 33.114, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT4 90.0 and 100% (Pearson, 4.789, df = 1; p = 0.029) respectively. There are also statistically significant differences when comparing the sensitivity of computed tomography according to the standard protocol and computed tomographic pneumogastrography in determining tumor invasion for all tumor categories: T/yT1 0 and 69.4% (Pearson, 67.880, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT2 26.1 and 71.1% (Pearson, 11.666, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT3 32.9 and 84.6% (Pearson, 54.900, df = 1; p 0.001), T/yT4 73.3 and 95.7% (Pearson, 7.916, df = 1; p = 0.005) respectively. In general, the sensitivity of the computed tomography according to the standard protocol for determining the T-stage of gastric cancer was 28.4%, computed tomographic pneumogastrography 77.1% (Pearson, 113.505, df = 1; p 0.001). Computed tomographic pneumogastrography with the possibility of three-dimensional visualization and virtual gastroscopy significantly increases the indicators of the effectiveness of diagnosing gastric cancer both early forms (category T1) and with deeper invasion (categories T2T4), demonstrates high sensitivity in determining T/yT-stages.

Three-dimensional Computed Tomographic Cranial Base Measurements for Improvement of Surgical Approaches to the Petrous Carotid Artery and Apex Regions

Neurosurgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan T. Villavicencio ◽  
Jean-Christophe Leveque ◽  
Ketan R. Bulsara ◽  
Allan H. Friedman ◽  
Linda Gray
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Internal Auditory Canal ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Petrous Apex ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Preoperative Information

Abstract OBJECTIVE The bony and vascular anatomic features in the region of the petrous apex can vary significantly. These variations affect the operative view obtained via extended subtemporal or anterior transpetrosal approaches to cranial base lesions for individual patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate three-dimensional computed tomography as a means of obtaining detailed preoperative anatomic information regarding bony and vascular landmarks and spatial relationships in the region of the petrous carotid artery and petrous apex. METHODS We radiographically studied 15 patients (30 sides), using 0.8- to 1-mm-thick, reconstructed, computed tomographic images. Special attention was given to the course of the petrous carotid artery. RESULTS The petrous carotid artery was located lateral to the trigeminal impression. The size of the petrous apex medial to the horizontal petrous carotid artery was observed to be variable. The width of bone from the trigeminal impression to the wall of the internal auditory canal averaged 9.6 mm (range, 5.2–16.1 mm). A variable amount of bone overlying the internal auditory canal (4.5 mm) was also present. Multiple other relationships among key landmarks were quantified. CONCLUSION There is significant variability in the anatomic features of the petrous apex among patients. For each patient, detailed preoperative information regarding the amount of bone to be removed during a cranial base procedure can be obtained using three-dimensional computed tomography. This information may be critical for determination of the amount of extra exposure that can be achieved via an anterior petrosectomy for each patient.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mandibular volume classified by vertical skeletal dimensions with cone-beam computed tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takatoshi Nakawaki ◽  
Tetsutaro Yamaguchi ◽  
Daisuke Tomita ◽  
Yu Hikita ◽  
Mohamed Adel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Lateral Cephalometry

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the relationship between anteroposterior and vertical differences in maxillofacial morphology and mandibular volume. Materials and Methods: Subjects comprised 213 Japanese adults (84 males and 129 females) who were divided into three groups based on mandibular basal arch (ANB) and Wits, measured in a cephalometric analysis: Class I (−1° ≤ ANB < 4°,−1 mm ≤ Wits < 0 mm), Class II (ANB ≥ 4°, Wits ≥ 0), and Class III (ANB <−1°, Wits <−1 mm). Subjects were also divided into three groups based on the mandibular plane angle (Mp), as follows: hypodivergent (Mp < 23°), normodivergent (Mp  =  23–30°), and hyperdivergent (Mp > 30°) groups. Mandibular volume was measured from cone-beam computed tomographic images that were analyzed using Analyze™ image processing software and compared among the three groups in each classification. Results: No significant differences were noted in mandibular volume among Classes I, II, and III. An inverse relationship was found between mandibular volume and Mp, and a significant difference was noted in mandibular volume between the hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups. Conclusions: In addition to two-dimensional analysis, such as lateral cephalometry, three-dimensional information such as volume, provided by cone-beam computed tomography, contributes to a more detailed assessment of maxillofacial morphology.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography in Polytraumatized Patients: A Retrospective Study of 63 Cases (2014-2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 07-12
Author(s):  
F Serra
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Abdominal Trauma ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Thoracic Trauma ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Patient Gender ◽  
Bone Structures

This study aimed to identify the regions and lesions most frequently reported in polytraumatized dogs and cats undergoing computed tomography. Research was carried out in the database of three Veterinary Referral Centers, to identify traumatized dogs and cats undergoing computed tomography from 2014 to 2017. Following were collected for each patient: gender, weight, type of study carried out and injuries reported. Lesions were classified according to the region involved: head, spine, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and appendicular skeleton. Thirty-seven studies involving cats and 26 involving dogs were included. Cats mainly presented lesions that involved both the skull and the chest simultaneously. Dogs presented lesions that affected the chest, abdomen and vertebral column simultaneously. In cats, the skull was more affected than in dogs (P<0.001). Of the cranial bone structures, more lesions were reported of the mandible and maxilla in cats (43%), and dogs were more affected by thoracic trauma (P<0.0011), by lesions of the vertebral column (P<0.008) and abdominal trauma (P<0.012). The thoracic findings included pulmonary contusions (dogs 54%, cats 24%) and pneumothorax (dogs 38%, cats 11%). Computed tomography in polytraumatized dogs and cats allowed a proper evaluation of the lesions and reduced the time between diagnosis and treatment

Imaging the Cerebrovascular Tree in the Cadaveric Head for Planning Surgical Strategy

Neurosurgery ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1222-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Cheng Zhao ◽  
Chi Chen ◽  
Sami S. Rosenblatt ◽  
Joel R. Meyer ◽  
Robert R. Edelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomographic

Abstract OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to identify whether an integration of cadaveric dissections with preoperative imaging information may enable a better understanding of pathological anatomy, especially vascular lesions, and thus allow for greater precision in surgical planning. METHODS We selected a computed tomographic contrast agent and experimentally determined the proportion of it that could mix compatibly with the silicone compound. The resultant mixture was injected into the cerebrovascular systems of six fresh human cadaveric heads. The specimens underwent computed tomography for the purpose of digital virtual exposures in parallel with laboratory dissections performed on these specimens. RESULTS The 1:8 ratio of contrast agent to silicone rubber was determined to be appropriate for both computed tomography and subsequent laboratory dissection of the specimens. The blood vessels in computed tomographic scans demonstrated a higher attenuation than surrounding soft tissues. The opacity consistency of the injected vessels was a critical parameter for a clear three-dimensional rendering of the vascular structures in the natural surroundings of the skull base. Static and dynamic three-dimensional images of the cadaveric vascular tree were obtained as viewed through surgical corridors of various skull base approaches. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a new cadaveric preparation model for imaging and dissection. This model allows for static and dynamic three-dimensional examination of the surgical anatomy from a neurosurgeon's perspective. It may facilitate the study of cerebrovascular system morphology/pathology in relation to the skull base as a tool for surgical planning.

Computed Tomography-directed Stereotaxy for Biopsy and Interstitial Irradiation of Brain Tumors: Technical Note

Neurosurgery ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (1_pt_1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander R. MacKay ◽  
Philip H. Gutin ◽  
Yoshio Hosobuchi ◽  
David Norman
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Radioactive Source ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Interstitial Irradiation ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Stereotactic Frame ◽  
Stereotactic System

Abstract A computed tomographic-stereotactic system based on the Leksell stereotactic frame has been used to implant radioactive 125I sources into (28 procedures) or to biopsy (2 procedures as biopsy only, 2 in conjunction with the implantation of a radioactive source) malignant brain tumors. In every instance, the selected target was reached precisely, allowing accurate diagnosis and treatment.

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