scholarly journals Intraflagellar transport is essential for endochondral bone formation

Development ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Haycraft ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
B. Song ◽  
W. S. Jackson ◽  
P. J. Detloff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Intraflagellar Transport ◽  
Endochondral Bone Formation ◽  
Endochondral Bone

scholarly journals The culture microenvironment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis synovial fibroblasts is favorable for endochondral bone formation through BMP4 and repressed by chondrocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Simonds ◽  
Amanda R. Schlefman ◽  
Suzanne M. McCahan ◽  
Kathleen E. Sullivan ◽  
Carlos D. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Synovial Fibroblasts ◽  
Conditioned Media ◽  
Endochondral Bone Formation ◽  
Endochondral Bone ◽  
Member Gene ◽  
Bmp Antagonist ◽  
Fibroblast Like Synoviocytes ◽  
Tgfβ Superfamily

Abstract Background We examined influences of conditioned media from chondrocytes (Ch) on juvenile idiopathic arthritis synovial fibroblasts (JFLS) and potential for JFLS to undergo endochondral bone formation (EBF). Methods Primary cells from three control fibroblast-like synoviocytes (CFLS) and three JFLS were cultured in Ch-conditioned media and compared with untreated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). RNA was analyzed by ClariomS microarray. FLS cells cultured in conditioned media were exposed to either TGFBR1 inhibitor LY3200882 or exogenous BMP4 and compared with FLS cultured in conditioned media from Ch (JFLS-Ch). Media supernatants were analyzed by ELISA. Results In culture, JFLS downregulate BMP2 and its receptor BMPR1a while upregulating BMP antagonists (NOG and CHRD) and express genes (MMP9, PCNA, MMP12) and proteins (COL2, COLX, COMP) associated with chondrocytes. Important TGFβ superfamily member gene expression (TGFBI, MMP9, COL1A1, SOX6, and MMP2) is downregulated when JFLS are cultured in Ch-conditioned media. COL2, COLX and COMP protein expression decreases in JFLS-Ch. BMP antagonist protein (NOG, CHRD, GREM, and FST) secretion is significantly increased in JFLS-Ch. Protein phosphorylation increases in JFLS-Ch exposed to exogenous BMP4, and chondrocyte-like phenotype is restored in BMP4 presence, evidenced by increased secretion of COL2 and COLX. Inhibition of TGFBR1 in JFLS-Ch results in overexpression of COL2. Conclusions JFLS are chondrocyte-like, and Ch-conditioned media can abrogate this phenotype. The addition of exogenous BMP4 causes JFLS-Ch to restore this chondrocyte-like phenotype, suggesting that JFLS create a microenvironment favorable for endochondral bone formation, thereby contributing to joint growth disturbances in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

scholarly journals Osteoblast‐Specific Loss of IGF1R Signaling Results in Impaired Endochondral Bone Formation During Fracture Healing

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1572-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Yongmei Wang ◽  
Alicia Menendez ◽  
Chak Fong ◽  
Muriel Babey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Endochondral Bone Formation ◽  
Endochondral Bone ◽  
Specific Loss ◽  
Igf1r Signaling

scholarly journals Conditional Deletion of Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain-Containing Protein 2 (Phd2) Gene Reveals Its Essential Role in Chondrocyte Function and Endochondral Bone Formation

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohong Cheng ◽  
Weirong Xing ◽  
Sheila Pourteymoor ◽  
Jan Schulte ◽  
Subburaman Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Prolyl Hydroxylase ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Hypertrophic Chondrocytes ◽  
Endochondral Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Endochondral Bone ◽  
Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain

Abstract The hypoxic growth plate cartilage requires hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated pathways to maintain chondrocyte survival and differentiation. HIF proteins are tightly regulated by prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (Phd2)-mediated proteosomal degradation. We conditionally disrupted the Phd2 gene in chondrocytes by crossing Phd2 floxed mice with type 2 collagen-α1-Cre transgenic mice and found massive increases (>50%) in the trabecular bone mass of long bones and lumbar vertebra of the Phd2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice caused by significant increases in trabecular number and thickness and reductions in trabecular separation. Cortical thickness and tissue mineral density at the femoral middiaphysis of the cKO mice were also significantly increased. Dynamic histomorphometric analyses revealed increased longitudinal length and osteoid surface per bone surface in the primary spongiosa of the cKO mice, suggesting elevated conversion rate from hypertrophic chondrocytes to mineralized bone matrix as well as increased bone formation in the primary spongiosa. In the secondary spongiosa, bone formation measured by mineralizing surface per bone surface and mineral apposition rate were not changed, but resorption was slightly reduced. Increases in the mRNA levels of SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9, osterix (Osx), type 2 collagen, aggrecan, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin, and glycolytic enzymes in the growth plate of cKO mice were detected by quantitative RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry revealed an increased HIF-1α protein level in the hypertrophic chondrocytes of cKO mice. Infection of chondrocytes isolated from Phd2 floxed mice with adenoviral Cre resulted in similar gene expression patterns as observed in the cKO growth plate chondrocytes. Our findings indicate that Phd2 suppresses endochondral bone formation, in part, via HIF-dependent mechanisms in mice.

Oxygen Tension Directs Chondrogenic Differentiation of Myelo-Monocytic Progenitors During Endochondral Bone Formation

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2011-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Shafer ◽  
Alan R. Davis ◽  
Francis H. Gannon ◽  
Christine M. Fouletier-Dilling ◽  
Zawaunyka Lazard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Chondrogenic Differentiation ◽  
Endochondral Bone Formation ◽  
Endochondral Bone

NDST-1 modulates BMPR and PTHrP signaling during endochondral bone formation in a gene knockout model

Bone ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1462-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Hu ◽  
Mingyan Yu ◽  
Gengxi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Endochondral Bone Formation ◽  
Endochondral Bone ◽  
Knockout Model

Conditional inactivation of VEGF-A in areas of collagen2a1 expression results in embryonic lethality in the heterozygous state

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (7) ◽  
pp. 1445-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Haigh ◽  
H.P. Gerber ◽  
N. Ferrara ◽  
E.F. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Embryonic Lethality ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Endochondral Bone Formation ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Endochondral Bone ◽  
Myocardial Layers ◽  
Transgenic Lines

VEGF-A has been implicated in regulating the initial angiogenic invasion events that are essential for endochondral bone formation. VEGF-A mRNA expression was indeed found in the sclerotome of the developing somite and in the limb-bud mesenchyme at E10.5 in mouse development but declined during chondrogenesis and became upregulated in hypertrophic chondrocytes prior to angiogenic invasion. To determine the functional importance of VEGF-A expression in the developing chondrogenic tissues, VEGF-A was conditionally inactivated during early embryonic development using Collagen2a1-Cre transgenic lines. Deletion of a single VEGF-A allele in Collagen2a1-Cre-expressing cells results in embryonic lethality around E10.5. This lethality is characterized by aberrant development of the dorsal aorta and intersomitic blood vessels, along with defects in the developing endocardial and myocardial layers of the heart. A small percentage of VEGF(Flox)/+, Collagen2a1-Cre fetuses survive until E17.5, show aberrant endochondral bone formation and develop a heart phenotype resembling a dilated form of ischemic cardiomyopathy. These results provide insights into the function of VEGF-A in heart and endochondral bone formation and underscore the importance of tightly controlled levels of VEGF-A during development.

scholarly journals Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain-Containing Protein 3 Gene Expression in Chondrocytes Is Not Essential for Bone Development in Mice

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2200
Author(s):  
Weirong Xing ◽  
Sheila Pourteymoor ◽  
Gustavo A. Gomez ◽  
Yian Chen ◽  
Subburaman Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Endochondral Bone Formation ◽  
Chondrocyte Differentiation ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Endochondral Bone ◽  
Trabecular Bone Mass

We previously showed that conditional disruption of the Phd2 gene in chondrocytes led to a massive increase in long bone trabecular bone mass. Loss of Phd2 gene expression or inhibition of PHD2 activity by a specific inhibitor resulted in a several-fold compensatory increase in Phd3 expression in chondrocytes. To determine if expression of PHD3 plays a role in endochondral bone formation, we conditionally disrupted the Phd3 gene in chondrocytes by crossing Phd3 floxed (Phd3flox/flox) mice with Col2α1-Cre mice. Loss of Phd3 expression in the chondrocytes of Cre+; Phd3flox/flox conditional knockout (cKO) mice was confirmed by real time PCR. At 16 weeks of age, neither body weight nor body length was significantly different in the Phd3 cKO mice compared to Cre−; Phd3flox/flox wild-type (WT) mice. Areal BMD measurements of total body as well as femur, tibia, and lumbar skeletal sites were not significantly different between the cKO and WT mice at 16 weeks of age. Micro-CT measurements revealed significant gender differences in the trabecular bone volume adjusted for tissue volume at the secondary spongiosa of the femur and the tibia for both genotypes, but no genotype difference was found for any of the trabecular bone measurements of either the femur or the tibia. Trabecular bone volume of distal femur epiphysis was not different between cKO and WT mice. Histology analyses revealed Phd3 cKO mice exhibited a comparable chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation, as evidenced by no changes in cartilage thickness and area in the cKO mice as compared to WT littermates. Consistent with the in vivo data, lentiviral shRNA-mediated knockdown of Phd3 expression in chondrocytes did not affect the expression of markers of chondrocyte differentiation (Col2, Col10, Acan, Sox9). Our study found that Phd2 but not Phd3 expressed in chondrocytes regulates endochondral bone formation, and the compensatory increase in Phd3 expression in the chondrocytes of Phd2 cKO mice is not the cause for increased trabecular bone mass in Phd2 cKO mice.

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