The differing effects of occipital and trunk somites on neural development in the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Lim ◽  
E.R. Lunn ◽  
R.J. Keynes ◽  
C.D. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Local Property ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Atlas And Axis ◽  
Zinc Iodide

In all higher vertebrate embryos the sensory ganglia of the trunk develop adjacent to the neural tube, in the cranial halves of the somite-derived sclerotomes. It has been known for many years that ganglia do not develop in the most cranial (occipital) sclerotomes, caudal to the first somite. Here we have investigated whether this is due to craniocaudal variation in the neural tube or crest, or to an unusual property of the sclerotomes at occipital levels. Using the monoclonal antibody HNK-1 as a marker for neural crest cells in the chick embryo, we find that the crest does enter the cranial halves of the occipital sclerotomes. Furthermore, staining with zinc iodide/osmium tetroxide shows that some of these crest-derived cells sprout axons within these sclerotomes. By stage 23, however, no dorsal root ganglia are present within the five occipital sclerotomes, as assessed both by haematoxylin/eosin and zinc iodide/osmium tetroxide staining. Moreover, despite this loss of sensory cells, motor axons grow out in these segments, many of them later fasciculating to form the hypoglossal nerve. The sclerotomes remain visible until stages 27/28, when they dissociate to form the base of the skull and the atlas and axis vertebrae. After grafting occipital neural tube from quail donor embryos in place of trunk neural tube in host chick embryos, quail-derived ganglia do develop in the trunk sclerotomes. This shows that the failure of occipital ganglion development is not the result of some fixed local property of the neural crest or neural tube at occipital levels. We therefore suggest that in the chick embryo the cranial halves of the five occipital sclerotomes lack factors essential for normal sensory ganglion development, and that these factors are correspondingly present in all the more caudal sclerotomes.

Overexpression of Snail family members highlights their ability to promote chick neural crest formation

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (7) ◽  
pp. 1583-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta G. del Barrio ◽  
M. Angela Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Endogenous Gene ◽  
The Family ◽  
Snail Family ◽  
Migratory Cells ◽  
Snail Gene

The Snail gene family of transcription factors plays crucial roles in different morphogenetic processes during the development of vertebrate and invertebrate embryos. In previous studies of function interference for one of the family members, Slug, we showed its involvement and neural crest formation in the chick embryo. Now we have carried out a series of gain-of-function experiments in which we show that Slug overexpression in the neural tube of the chick embryo induces an increase in neural crest production. The analysis of electroporated embryos shows that Slug can induce the expression of rhoB and an increase in the number of HNK-1-positive migratory cells, indicating that it lies upstream of them in the genetic cascade of neural crest development. The increase in neural crest production after Slug overexpression was confined to the cranial region, indicating that the mechanisms of crest induction somehow differ between head and trunk. The expression of the two vertebrate family members, Slug and Snail, is peculiar with respect to the neural crest. Slug is not expressed in the premigratory crest in the mouse, whereas it is expressed in this cell population in the chick and the opposite is true for Snail(Sefton, M., Sánchez, S. and Nieto M. A. (1998) Development125, 3111-3121). This raises the question of whether they can be functionally equivalent. To test this hypothesis both intra- and interspecies, we have performed a series of ectopic expression experiments by electroporating chick and mouse Snail in the chick embryo hindbrain. We observe that both genes elicit the same responses in the neural tube. Our results indicate that they can be functionally equivalent, although the embryos show a higher response to the endogenous gene, chick Slug.

Sequence of events in neural tube closure and the formation of neural crest in the chick embryo

1967 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. di Virgilio ◽  
N. Lavenda ◽  
J.L. Worden
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Tube Closure

scholarly journals Misexpression of BRE gene in the developing chick neural tube affects neurulation and somitogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiao-Yu Wang ◽  
Manli Chuai ◽  
John Yeuk-Hon Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Early Chick Embryo

This is the first study of the role of BRE in embryonic development using early chick embryos. BRE is expressed in the developing neural tube, neural crest cells, and somites. BRE thus plays an important role in regulating neurogenesis and indirectly somitogenesis during early chick embryo development.

scholarly journals Translational Control by Neuroguidin, a Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E and CPEB Binding Protein

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 4277-4287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Young Jung ◽  
Lori Lorenz ◽  
Joel D. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor ◽  
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E

ABSTRACT CPEB-mediated translation is important in early development and neuronal synaptic plasticity. Here, we describe a new eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding protein, Neuroguidin (Ngd), and its interaction with CPEB. In the mammalian nervous system, Ngd is detected as puncta in axons and dendrites and in growth cones and filopodia. Ngd contains three motifs that resemble those present in eIF4G, 4EBP, Cup, and Maskin, all of which are eIF4E binding proteins. Ngd binds eIF4E directly, and all three motifs must be deleted to abrogate the interaction between these two proteins. In injected Xenopus oocytes, Ngd binds CPEB and, most importantly, represses translation in a cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE)-dependent manner. In Xenopus embryos, Ngd is found in both neural tube and neural crest cells. The injection of morpholino-containing antisense oligonucleotides directed against ngd mRNA disrupts neural tube closure and neural crest migration; however, the wild-type phenotype is restored by the injection of a rescuing ngd mRNA. These data suggest that Ngd guides neural development by regulating the translation of CPE-containing mRNAs.

Differentiation in vitro of sympathetic cells from chick embryo sensory ganglia

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
D. F. Newgreen ◽  
R. O. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Sensory Ganglia ◽  
Sensory Ganglion ◽  
Neural Crest Origin ◽  
Fluorescent Cells

This study was carried out in order to determine what factors control the differentiation of certain neural crest cells in the chick embryo. Emphasis was placed on the morphologically and biochemically divergent sensory and sympathetic pathways of differentiation. Embryos were precisely staged according to Hamburger & Hamilton (1951) and it was observed that sensory ganglia with somites, explanted at stages 21–24, gave rise to cells showing formaldehyde-induced fluorescence in more than 25% of explants. These cells were identical in properties to the fluorescent cells of the sympathetic system of embryos of similar age, and appeared by 12 days in vitro. These fluorescent cells did not appear when somites and sensory ganglia explants were maintained separately. The incidence of fluorescent cells in combined explants was considerably reduced or absent when cultures were maintained for 7 days or less, or when the explants were obtainedfrom stage 25–26 embryos. Furthermore, when neural tube was also included in the cultures, the appearance of fluorescent cells was markedly inhibited. The requirement for somitic tissue to induce fluorescent cells in combined explants can be replaced by forelimb-bud tissue. The origin of these cells and the factors that control their differentiation in vitro are discussed with reference to the neural crest origin of the sensory ganglion, and the possible conditions pertaining in vivo in this region.

Cell Reactivity Pattern of the Guinea Pig Cecal Mucosa Evidenced by the ZIO Technique

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
Juan Mora-Galindo ◽  
Jorge Arauz-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Neural Tissues ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Zinc Iodide ◽  
Cecal Mucosa

The zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide (ZIO) technique is presently employed to study both, neural and non neural tissues. Precipitates depends on cell types and possibly cell metabol ism as well.Guinea pig cecal mucosa, already known to be composed of epithelium with cells at different maturation stages and lamina propria which i s formed by morphologically and functionally heterogeneous cell population, was studied to determine the pat tern of ZIO impregnation. For this, adult Guinea pg cecal mucosa was fixed with buffered 1.2 5% g 1 utara 1 dehyde before incubation with ZIO for 16 hours, a t 4°C in the dark. Further steps involved a quick sample dehydration in graded ethanols, embedding in Epon 812 and sectioning to observe the unstained material under a phase contrast light microscope (LM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Induction of melanocyte precursors from neural crest cells surrounding the neural tube-like structures developed in vitro using mouse ES cell culture

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Koh-ichi Atoh ◽  
Manae S. Kurokawa ◽  
Hideshi Yoshikawa ◽  
Chieko Masuda ◽  
Erika Takada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Es Cell ◽  
Mouse Es Cell

scholarly journals Genetic interaction of Pax3 mutation and canonical Wnt signaling modulates neural tube defects and neural crest abnormalities

genesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra J. Palmer ◽  
Dawn Savery ◽  
Valentina Massa ◽  
Andrew J. Copp ◽  
Nicholas D. E. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Canonical Wnt Signaling ◽  
Canonical Wnt
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