Oral administration of Moringa oleifera leaf powder relieves oxidative stress, modulates mucosal immune response and cecal microbiota after exposure to heat stress in New Zealand White rabbits

Background Heat stress (HS) disrupts the gut barrier allowing the uptake of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and leads to an inflammatory response and changes in gut microbiota composition. Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) has been proposed to combat HS, yet its alleviate role is currently under investigation. The current study investigated the effects of chronic HS and MOLP supplementation on changes in redox status and immune response of cecal mucosa along with alteration in cecal microbiota. Methods A total of 21 young New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits (male) about 32 weeks old (mean body weight of 3318 ± 171 g) reared on a commercial pelleted diet were employed; divided into three groups (n = 7): control (CON, 25 °C), heat stress (HS, 35 °C for 7 h daily), and HS supplemented orally with MOLP (HSM, 35 °C) at 200 mg/kg body weight per day for 4 weeks. Results The results demonstrated that MOLP supplementation increased organ index of cecal tissue compared with the HS group (P > 0.05). Levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were reduced in the cecal mucosa of the HSM group compared with the HS group. MOLP downregulated the contents of cecal mucosa LPS, several inflammatory markers (TNF-α/IL-1α/IL-1β), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the HSM group (P < 0.05). Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) was increased in the HSM group compared with the HS group (P < 0.05). The transcriptome of cecal mucosa showed that MOLP reduced gene expression relative to several immune factors, including IL-10, IFNG, and RLA, whereas both HS and MOLP increased the gene expression of fat digestion and absorption pathway, including APOA1, FABP1, FABP2, MTTP, and LOC100344166, compared to the CON group (P < 0.001). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was increased by HS, while Actinobacteria was significantly increased by HSM compared to other groups (P < 0.05). At genus level, Papillibacter was higher in abundance in HSM groups compared to CON and HS groups (P < 0.05). Higher butyrate concentrations were observed in the HSM group than HS and CON groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, HS in growing rabbits resulted in alteration of cecal microbiota at phyla level as well as increased oxidative stress and expression of mucosal inflammatory genes. Whereas, oral MOLP supplementation elevated the relative weight of cecum, affected their immunological and cecal micro-ecosystem function by improving antioxidant status and down-regulating mucosal tissue inflammatory response.

Effects of Non-directional Mechanical Trauma on Gastrointestinal Tract Injury in Rats

Mechanical trauma can (MT) cause secondary injury, such as cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction has been reported. However, the effects of mechanical trauma on gastrointestinal tract is unclear. This study aims to observe the main location and time of gastrointestinal tract injury caused by non-directional trauma and explain the reason of the increase of LPS in blood caused by mechanical injury. Morphological changes in the stomach, ileum and cecum at different time points after MT were observed in this experiment. The results reveal that the injury to the cecal mucosa in the rats was more obvious than that in the ileum and the stomach. The cecal epithelial cell junction was significantly widened at 20 min after MT, and the plasma LPS and D-lactic acid concentrations increased significantly at the same time point. In addition, some bacterial structures in the widened intercellular space and near the capillary wall of the cecal mucosa were detected at 12 h after MT. This finding suggests that the main reason for the increase in LPS in plasma after MT is cecal mucosal injury. This study is important for the early intervention of the gastrointestinal tract to prevent secondary injury after MT.

Fusobacterium nucleatum impedes remission of colitis in a mouse model

ABSTRACT The role of Fusobacterium nucleatum, often associated with intestinal diseases, in the remission of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis was investigated. Female mice were divided into groups DC (DSS control) and DF (DSS + F. nucleatum). F. nucleatum (1.0 × 1010 cfu/mouse/day) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was orally given to DF, while DC had PBS only. All mice had DSS in drinking water. In Experiment 1, mice underwent 2 inflammation phases, an in-between recovery phase and had their disease activity indices (DAI) calculated. Experiment 2 was similarly conducted, except that mice were dissected 3 days postrecovery, and had blood and colonic mucosal samples collected. In Experiment 1, DF had significantly (P &lt; .05) higher DAI than DC, during the recovery and 2nd inflammation phases. In Experiment 2, genus Bacteroides was significantly (P &lt; .05) higher and family Lachnospiraceae significantly lower in cecal mucosa-associated microbiota of DF than in that of DC. We concluded that F. nucleatum can impede colitis remission.

Endoscopic retrograde appendicography: an effective diagnostic method for acute appendicitis

Background and Aim: Appendicography had been used in the diagnosis of chronic appendicitis. To our knowledge, the role of endoscopic retrograde appendicography for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of endoscopic retrograde appendicography for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.Patients and Method: Patients with suspected acute appendicitis between December 2013 and November 2015 at Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University underwent endoscopic retrograde appendicography. The findings and complication were analyzed retrospectively.Results: Thirty-three patients (20 men and 13 women, average age 44 ± 18 years) with suspected acute appendicitis were studied. Acute appendicitis was ruled out by normal endoscopic retrograde appendicography in 24% and confirmed in 69.6% (23). In 2 patients (8%) appendiceal orifice cannulation failed. Colonoscopic findings in acute appendicitis were mucosal hyperemia and edema of appendiceal orifice (83%), outpouring of pus from the appendiceal orifice (74%), and swollen cecal mucosa (61%). Appendicograpic findings were either normal or in acute disease showed diffuse lumenal dilation (diameter: 0.8 ± 0.4 mm), partial stenosis (43%), stiffness or inflexibility (87%) and filling defects (22%). There were no complications during or after follow-up for a median of 13 months (IQR: 9-24 months).Conclusions: Endoscopic retrograde appendicography appears to be a reliable and safe method to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and prevent unnecessary appendectomy.

The Effect of Soybean FlourFormulationDietary on Cecal Mucosa and the Number of Goblet Cells of Coccidia Infected Broiler

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tepung kedelai dalam formulasi makanan terhadap cedera caecum dan perubahan jumlah sel piala yang terpajan koksidiosis caecal broiler. Dua puluh ayam broiler pada umur 15 hari diacak menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan. P0 diberi makan basal dan tidak terinfeksi E. tenella . P1 diberi makan basal ditambahkan dengan tepung kedelai 35% dan tidak terinfeksi E. tenella. P2 diberi makan basal dan terinfeksi. Basal yang diberi makan P3 menambahkan 35% tepung kedelai dan terinfeksi. Data yang diperoleh dari skor lession dianalisis dengan uji Kruskall Wallis, sedangkan data jumlah sel piala dianalisis dengan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tepung kedelai mengurangi skor lesi cecal (p> 0,05) dan tidak berpengaruh pada peningkatan jumlah sel cecal goblet (p> 0,05) ayam broiler yang terinfeksi coccidia.

Neutrophils Are a Source of Gamma Interferon during Acute Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Colitis

ABSTRACTGamma interferon (IFN-γ) is an important driver of intestinal inflammation during colitis caused bySalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium. Here we used the mouse colitis model to investigate the cellular sources of IFN-γ in the cecal mucosa during the acute phase of anS. Typhimurium infection. While IFN-γ staining was detected in T cells, NK cells, and inflammatory monocytes at 2 days after infection, the majority of IFN-γ-positive cells in the cecal mucosa were neutrophils. Furthermore, neutrophil depletion blunted mucosalIfngexpression and reduced the severity of intestinal lesions duringS. Typhimurium infection. We conclude that neutrophils are a prominent cellular source of IFN-γ during the innate phase ofS. Typhimurium-induced colitis.