scholarly journals SUPERMAN, a regulator of floral homeotic genes in Arabidopsis

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Bowman ◽  
H. Sakai ◽  
T. Jack ◽  
D. Weigel ◽  
U. Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Product ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Floral Homeotic Genes ◽  
Mature Flower ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Superman Gene ◽  
Floral Homeotic

We describe a locus, SUPERMAN, mutations in which result in extra stamens developing at the expense of the central carpels in the Arabidopsis thaliana flower. The development of superman flowers, from initial primordium to mature flower, is described by scanning electron microscopy. The development of doubly and triply mutant strains, constructed with superman alleles and previously identified homeotic mutations that cause alterations in floral organ identity, is also described. Essentially additive phenotypes are observed in superman agamous and superman apetala2 double mutants. The epistatic relationships observed between either apetala3 or pistillata and superman alleles suggest that the SUPERMAN gene product could be a regulator of these floral homeotic genes. To test this, the expression patterns of AGAMOUS and APETALA3 were examined in superman flowers. In wild-type flowers, APETALA3 expression is restricted to the second and third whorls where it is required for the specification of petals and stamens. In contrast, in superman flowers, APETALA3 expression expands to include most of the cells that would normally constitute the fourth whorl. This ectopic APETALA3 expression is proposed to be one of the causes of the development of the extra stamens in superman flowers. The spatial pattern of AGAMOUS expression remains unaltered in superman flowers as compared to wild-type flowers. Taken together these data indicate that one of the functions of the wild-type SUPERMAN gene product is to negatively regulate APETALA3 in the fourth whorl of the flower. In addition, superman mutants exhibit a loss of determinacy of the floral meristem, an effect that appears to be mediated by the APETALA3 and PISTILLATA gene products.

scholarly journals AINTEGUMENTA and AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE6 directly regulate floral homeotic and growth genes in young flowers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Krizek ◽  
Alexis T. Bantle ◽  
Jorman M. Heflin ◽  
Han Han ◽  
Nowlan H. Freese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Floral Organ Identity ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
Floral Homeotic Genes ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Floral Homeotic

AbstractArabidopsis flower primordia give rise to floral organ primordia in stereotypical positions within four concentric whorls. Floral organ primordia in each whorl undergo distinct developmental programs to become one of four organ types (sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels). The Arabidopsis transcription factors AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE6 (AIL6) play critical and partially overlapping roles during floral organogenesis. They are required for correct positioning of floral organ initiation, contribute to the specification of floral organ identity, and regulate the growth and morphogenesis of developing floral organs. To gain insight into the molecular means by which ANT and AIL6 contribute to floral organogenesis, we identified the genome-wide binding sites of both ANT and AIL6 in stage 3 flower primordia, the developmental stage at which sepal primordia become visible and class B and C floral homeotic genes are first expressed. AIL6 binds to a subset of ANT sites, suggesting that AIL6 regulates some but not all of the same target genes as ANT. ANT and AIL6 binding sites are associated with genes involved in many biological processes related to meristem and flower organ development. Comparison of genes associated with both ANT and AIL6 ChIP-Seq peaks and those differentially expressed after perturbation of ANT or AIL6 activity identified likely direct targets of ANT and AIL6 regulation. These include the floral homeotic genes APETALA3 (AP3) and AGAMOUS (AG) and four growth regulatory genes: BIG BROTHER (BB), ROTUNDIFOLIA3 (ROT3), ANGUSTIFOLIA3/GRF INTERACTING FACTOR (AN3/GIF1), and XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOLSYLASE/HYDROLASE9 (XTH9).One Sentence SummaryThe transcription factors ANT and AIL6 directly regulate genes involved in different aspects of flower development including genes that specify floral organ identity and those that regulate growth.

OsMADS32 Regulates Rice Floral Patterning through Interactions with Multiple Floral Homeotic Genes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Hu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Ru Jia ◽  
Wanqi Liang ◽  
Xuelian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Floral Meristem ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Floral Meristem Identity ◽  
Floral Homeotic Genes ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Meristem Identity ◽  
Floral Homeotic

Abstract Floral patterning is regulated by intricate networks of floral identity genes. The peculiar MADS32 subfamily genes, absent in eudicots but prevalent in monocots, regulate floral organ identity. However, how the MADS32 family genes interact with other floral homeotic genes during flower development is mostly unknown. We show here that the rice homeotic transcription factor OsMADS32 regulates floral patterning by interacting synergistically with E class protein OsMADS6 in a dosage-dependent manner. Furthermore, our results indicate important roles of OsMADS32 in defining stamen, pistil and ovule development through physical and genetic interactions with OsMADS1, OsMADS58 and OsMADS13, and in specifying floral meristem identity with OsMADS6, OsMADS3 and OsMADS58 respectively. Our findings suggest that OsMADS32 is an important factor for floral meristem identity maintenance and that it integrates the action of other MADS-box homeotic proteins to sustain floral organ specification and development in rice. Given that OsMADS32 is an orphan gene and absent in eudicots, our data substantially expand our understanding of flower development in plants.

scholarly journals Rice MADS6 Interacts with the Floral Homeotic Genes SUPERWOMAN1, MADS3, MADS58, MADS13, and DROOPING LEAF in Specifying Floral Organ Identities and Meristem Fate

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 2536-2552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Li ◽  
Wanqi Liang ◽  
Yun Hu ◽  
Lu Zhu ◽  
Changsong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Organ ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Floral Homeotic Genes ◽  
Floral Homeotic

scholarly journals Interactions between FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER4 and floral homeotic genes in regulating rice flower development

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Juhong Tao ◽  
Mingjiao Chen ◽  
Ludovico Dreni ◽  
Zhijing Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Floral Homeotic Genes ◽  
Floral Homeotic

HUA ENHANCER2, a putative DExH-box RNA helicase, maintains homeotic B and C gene expression inArabidopsis

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (7) ◽  
pp. 1569-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara L. Western ◽  
Yulan Cheng ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Xuemei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Rna Helicase ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Recessive Mutation ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Quadruple Mutant ◽  
Normal Spacing ◽  
Floral Homeotic

Reproductive organ identity in Arabidopsis is controlled by the B, C and SEPALLATA classes of floral homeotic genes. We have identified a recessive mutation in a novel gene, HUA ENHANCER2, which, when combined with mutations in two weak class C genes, HUA1 and HUA2, leads to the production of third whorl sepal-petal-stamens and fourth whorl sepal-carpels. Quadruple mutant analysis and in situ localization of A, B, C and SEPALLATA floral homeotic RNAs suggest that HUA ENHANCER2 is required for the maintenance of B and C gene expression in the reproductive whorls. In addition to its role in floral homeotic gene expression, HUA ENHANCER2 is required for normal spacing and number of perianth organ primordia. We show that HUA ENHANCER2 encodes a putative DExH-box RNA helicase that is expressed in specific patterns in the inflorescence meristem and developing flowers. As a possible ortholog of the yeast exosome-associated protein, Dob1p (Mtr4p), HUA ENHANCER2 may affect floral organ spacing and identity through the regulation of protein synthesis or mRNA degradation. Therefore, our studies on HUA ENHANCER2 not only demonstrate that B and C gene expression is established and maintained separately, but also implicate the existence of post-transcriptional mechanisms in the maintenance of B and C gene expression.

scholarly journals Role of Floral Homeotic Genes in the Morphology of Forchlorfenuron-induced Paracorollas in Torenia fournieri Lind.

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Niki ◽  
Masayo Hirai ◽  
Tomoko Niki ◽  
Akira Kanno ◽  
Takaaki Nishijima
Keyword(s):  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Torenia Fournieri ◽  
Floral Homeotic Genes ◽  
Floral Homeotic

scholarly journals Transcriptome-Wide Analyses Provide Insights into Development of the Hedychium Coronarium Flower, Revealing Potential Roles of PTL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Zhao ◽  
Alma Piñeyro-Nelson ◽  
Qianxia Yu ◽  
Xiaoying Hu ◽  
Huanfang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Mrna In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hedychium Coronarium ◽  
Organ Identity

Abstract Background:The flower of Hedychium coronarium possesses highly specialized floral organs: a synsepalous calyx, petaloid staminodes and a labellum. The formation of these organs is controlled by two gene categories: floral organ identity genes and organ boundary genes, which may function individually or jointly during flower development. Although the floral organogenesis of H. coronarium has been studied at the morphological level, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in its floral development still remain poorly understood. In addition, previous works analyzing the role of MADS-box genes in controlling floral organ specification in some Zingiberaceae did not address the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of particular organ morphologies that emerge later in flower development, such as the synsepalous calyx formed through intercalary growth of adjacent sepals. Results:Here, we used comparative transcriptomics combined with Real-time quantitative PCR and mRNA in situ hybridization to investigate gene expression patterns of ABC-class genes in H. coronarium flowers, as well as the homolog of the organ boundary gene PETAL LOSS (HcPTL). qRT-PCR detection showed that HcAP3 and HcAG were expressed in both the petaloid staminode and the fertile stamen. mRNA in situ hybridization showed that HcPTL was expressed in developing meristems, including cincinnus primordia, floral primordia, common primordia and almost all new initiating floral organ primordia.Conclusions:Our studies found that stamen/petal identity or stamen fertility in H. coronarium was not necessarily correlated with the differential expression of HcAP3 and HcAG. We also found a novel spatio-temporal expression pattern for HcPTL mRNA, suggesting it may have evolved a lineage-specific role in the morphogenesis of the Hedychium flower. Our study provides a new transcriptome reference and a functional hypothesis regarding the role of a boundary gene in organ fusion that should be further addressed through phylogenetic analyzes of this gene, as well as functional studies.

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