Cleft palate induction in hamster fetuses by glucocorticoid hormones and their synthetic analogues

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Ravindra M. Shah ◽  
Alan Kilistoff
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Glucocorticoid Hormones ◽  
Synthetic Analogues ◽  
Total Frequency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Palatal Development ◽  
Different Doses

The effect of prenatal administration of different doses of cortisone, corticosterone, dexamethasone, triamcinolone and prednisolone on the fetus and its palatal development was studied. All the glucocorticoids, except cortisone, produced cleft palate in the fetuses. Both the total frequency and morphologically different types of cleft palate were related to the dose of the teratogen. Triamcinolone appeared to be more potent than other glucocorticoid in inducing cleft palate. An association was noted between fetal growth inhibition, the dose of the teratogen and the frequency and type of cleft palate.

The teratogenic effects of hydrocortisone on palatal development in the hamster

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-224
Author(s):  
Ravindra M. Shah ◽  
Anthony A. Travill
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Placental Barrier ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Palatal Development ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Hydrocortisone Treatment

The effect of different doses of hydrocortisone, administered at various times during gestation, on the fetal hamster and its palatal development was studied. Both the frequency of cleft palate and that of resorption depended upon the dose of hydrocortisone and the time of its administration. Two peaks in the incidence of cleft palate were observed, which appeared to be due to inhibition of different events. Incidence of morphologically different types of cleft palate was related to the doses and gestational time of hydrocortisone treatment. A close association was observed between the frequency of cleft palate and fetal growth retardation and between the latter and the dose and time of drug administration. It was suggested that maternal physiology and the placental barrier may play a crucial role in cleft palate induction.

Categories of intrauterine growth retardation

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A Fay ◽  
David A Ellwood
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Ponderal Index ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Different Types

Originally all low birthweight infants were considered to be premature. When prematurity was redefined in terms of gestational age (SGA) and not preterm. With the large scale collection of obstetric data the distributions of birthweight at different gestational ages were described and from these, infants who were SGA could be defined. SGA became synonymous with terms such as growth retardation, but it soon became appearent that the two were not necessarily interchangeable. Scott and Usher found that it was the degree of soft tissue wasting rather than birthweight that related to poor perinatal outcome. Miller and Hassanein stated that: “birthweight by itself is not a valid measure of fetal growth impairment”. They used Rorher’s Ponderal Index (weight (g) × 100/length (cm)) to diagnose the malnourished or excessively wasted infants with reduced soft tissue mass. Most studies of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) still use low birthweight for gestational age centile as their only definition of IUGR or only study infants who have a low birthweight. Altman and Hytten expressed disquiet about this definition and stated: “There is now an urgent need to establish true measures of fetal growth from which deviations indicating genuine growth retardation can be derived” and that “it is particularly important that some reliable measures of outcome should be established”. In large series of term deliveries published recently, two groups of IUGR infants with different growth patterens have been identified. These studies confirm that birthweight alone is inadequate to define the different types of IUGR. They established that low Ponderal Index (PI) is a measure of IUGR associated with an increased incidence of perinatal problems and that it is time to re-evaluate IUGR in terms of the different types of aberrant fetal growth.

Phonological Profile of Patients With Velopharyngeal Dysfunction and Palatal Anomalies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ariela Nachmani ◽  
Muhamed Masalha ◽  
Firas Kassem
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Process Error ◽  
Submucous Cleft Palate ◽  
Different Types

Purpose This purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and types of phonological process errors in patients with velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) and the different types of palatal anomalies. Method A total of 808 nonsyndromic patients with VPD, who underwent follow-up at the Center for Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies, from 2000 to 2016 were included. Patients were stratified into four age groups and five subphenotypes of palatal anomalies: cleft lip and palate (CLP), cleft palate (CP), submucous cleft palate (SMCP), occult submucous cleft palate (OSMCP), and non-CP. Phonological processes were compared among groups. Results The 808 patients ranged in age from 3 to 29 years, and 439 (54.3%) were male. Overall, 262/808 patients (32.4%) had phonological process errors; 80 (59.7%) ages 3–4 years, 98 (40, 0%) ages 4.1–6 years, 48 (24.7%) 6.1–9 years, and 36 (15.3%) 9.1–29 years. Devoicing was the most prevalent phonological process error, found in 97 patients (12%), followed by cluster reduction in 82 (10.1%), fronting in 66 (8.2%), stopping in 45 (5.6%), final consonant deletion in 43 (5.3%), backing in 30 (3.7%), and syllable deletion and onset deletion in 13 (1.6%) patients. No differences were found in devoicing errors between palatal anomalies, even with increasing age. Phonological processes were found in 61/138 (44.20%) with CP, 46/118 (38.1%) with SMCP, 61/188 (32.4%) with non-CP, 70/268 (26.1%) with OSMCP, and 25/96 (26.2%) with CLP. Phonological process errors were most frequent with CP and least with OSMCP ( p = .001). Conclusions Phonological process errors in nonsyndromic VPD patients remained relatively high in all age groups up to adulthood, regardless of the type of palatal anomaly. Our findings regarding the phonological skills of patients with palatal anomalies can help clarify the etiology of speech and sound disorders in VPD patients, and contribute to general phonetic and phonological studies.

Rubber Modified Asphalt Storage Stabilizer Option

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 1136-1139
Author(s):  
Zhong He Chen ◽  
Zheng Qian Zhang ◽  
Hua Lin Luo ◽  
Ning Ning Dong
Keyword(s):  
Storage Stability ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Different Doses

In order to improve the poor compatibility and storage stability of rubber modified asphalt,authors using theoretical and experimental methods, to investigate the influence of the stabilizer on the storage stability and the using performance of rubber modified asphalt, through adding the different types and different doses of stabilizer, to improve its storage stability and using performance of modified asphalt.

Morphological study of cleft palate development in 5-fluorouracil-treated hamster fetuses

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Ravindra M. Shah ◽  
David T. W. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Palate Development ◽  
Palatal Development

Morphogenesis of palate was studied in normal and 5-fluorouracil-treated hamster fetuses. The results showed that normal palatal development was completed between days 12 and 13 of gestation. In 5-fluorouracil-assaulted palate the reorientation of shelves from a vertical to horizontal plane was delayed. Crown-rump length, gestational age and fetal weight were reliable predictors of the stages of normal palatal development, whereas the morphological rating system was not. Following 5-fiuorouracil treatment, however, crown-rump length, weight and morphological rating were poor indicators of the stage of palatal development.

Racial disparity in fetal growth inhibition among singletons and multiples

2005 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamisu M. Salihu ◽  
LaToya Fitzpatrick ◽  
Muktar H. Aliyu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Racial Disparity

Palatal Morphology and Type of Clefting

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauli V.J. Kilpeläinen ◽  
Maija T. Laine-Alava ◽  
Seppo Lammi
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Secondary Palate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Primary Palate

In this study, the variation in palatal dimensions, particularly for height, width, and depth, were evaluated in subjects with different types of cleft palate using the moiré technique. The sample consisted of 95 subjects with cleft palate and 68 noncleft individuals. Effects of cleft type, gender, developmental stage of the dentition, missing teeth, and 11 skeletal and pharyngeal cephalometric variables on palatal dimensions were assessed using multiple-regression analyses. The typing of clefts had an effect on the all palatal dimensions. The palate was shallower in subjects with clefts involving the secondary palate than in other types of clefts or in none left individuals. The palatal width was decreased in subjects with cleft in the primary palate, and the palatal depth was affected by all cleft types except submucous cleft. Gender, developmental stage of the dentition, missing teeth, and some of the cephalometric variables also had a certain effect on the palatal dimensions.

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