Tissue interactions and the initiation of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in the neural crest-derived mandibular skeleton of the embryonic mouse as seen in isolated murine tissues and in recombinations of murine and avian tissues

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-264
Author(s):  
Brian K. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Embryonic Mouse ◽  
Mandibular Arch ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Sufficient Stimulus ◽  
And Cartilage

Mandibular processes from 9- to 13-day-old embryonic mice formed both bone and cartilage when grafted to the chorioallantoic membranes of host embryonic chicks. Isolated ectomesenchyme, taken from 9-day-old embryos did not form bone or cartilage, while older ectomesenchyme formed both. Recombination of the epithelial and ectomesenchymal components confirmed that the presence of the epithelium was a sufficient stimulus for the initiation of both chondro- and osteogenesis. Recombinations between components of mouse and chick mandibular processes showed that 9-day-old mouse ectomesenchyme could respond to chick epithelium but that, although older murine epithelia could initiate osteogenesis from the avian ectomesenchyme, epithelia from 9-day-old embryos could not. These results indicated that an epithelial-ectomesenchymal interaction was responsible for the initiation of both osteo- and chondrogenesis within the mandibular arch of the mouse; that the interaction began at 10 days of gestation; that the ectomesenchyme was capable of responding at 9 days, but that the epithelium did not acquire its ability to act on the ectomesenchyme until 10 days of gestation.

scholarly journals Dynamics of neural crest-derived cell migration in the embryonic mouse gut

2004 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Young ◽  
A.J. Bergner ◽  
R.B. Anderson ◽  
H. Enomoto ◽  
J. Milbrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Embryonic Mouse

scholarly journals Origins of the avian neural crest: the role of neural plate-epidermal interactions

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Selleck ◽  
M. Bronner-Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Whole Embryo Culture ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Neural Ectoderm

We have investigated the lineage and tissue interactions that result in avian neural crest cell formation from the ectoderm. Presumptive neural plate was grafted adjacent to non-neural ectoderm in whole embryo culture to examine the role of tissue interactions in ontogeny of the neural crest. Our results show that juxtaposition of non-neural ectoderm and presumptive neural plate induces the formation of neural crest cells. Quail/chick recombinations demonstrate that both the prospective neural plate and the prospective epidermis can contribute to the neural crest. When similar neural plate/epidermal confrontations are performed in tissue culture to look at the formation of neural crest derivatives, juxtaposition of epidermis with either early (stages 4–5) or later (stages 6–10) neural plate results in the generation of both melanocytes and sympathoadrenal cells. Interestingly, neural plates isolated from early stages form no neural crest cells, whereas those isolated later give rise to melanocytes but not crest-derived sympathoadrenal cells. Single cell lineage analysis was performed to determine the time at which the neural crest lineage diverges from the epidermal lineage and to elucidate the timing of neural plate/epidermis interactions during normal development. Our results from stage 8 to 10+ embryos show that the neural plate/neural crest lineage segregates from the epidermis around the time of neural tube closure, suggesting that neural induction is still underway at open neural plate stages.

Fgf-8 determines rostral-caudal polarity in the first branchial arch

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Tucker ◽  
G. Yamada ◽  
M. Grigoriou ◽  
V. Pachnis ◽  
P.T. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Mandibular Arch ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Cell Competence ◽  
Mesenchyme Cells

In mammals, rostral ectomesenchyme cells of the mandibular arch give rise to odontogenic cells, while more caudal cells form the distal skeletal elements of the lower jaw. Signals from the epithelium are required for the development of odontogenic and skeletogenic mesenchyme cells. We show that rostral-caudal polarity is first established in mandibular branchial arch ectomesenchymal cells by a signal, Fgf-8, from the rostral epithelium. All neural crest-derived ectomesenchymal cells are equicompetent to respond to Fgf-8. The restriction into rostral (Lhx-7-expressing) and caudal (Gsc-expressing) domains is achieved by cells responding differently according to their proximity to the source of the signal. Once established, spatial expression domains and cell fates are fixed and maintained by Fgf-8 in conjunction with another epithelial signal, endothelin-1, and by positional changes in ectomesenchymal cell competence to respond to the signal.

Tissue interactions in embryonic mouse tooth germs

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-171
Author(s):  
Edward J. Kollar ◽  
Grace R. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Enamel Organ ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Embryonic Mouse ◽  
Tooth Shape ◽  
Structural Specificity ◽  
Dental Papilla ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Tooth Germs

The ability of fragments of incisor enamel organ and lip-furrow epithelium from 15- and 16-day old embryonic mice to regulate into harmonious tooth constructions is described. The cervical loop and upper half portions of the incisor enamel organ were confronted with incisor or molar dental papillae. Similar combinations were made from lip-furrow epithelium and incisor or molar papillae. The cultures were grown in the anterior chambers of homologous host eyes. The epithelial fragments from the incisor enamel organ when associated with the dental papillae reconstruct teeth typical in all respects; enamel and dentin matrices are deposited. Lip-furrow epithelium arises from the oral epithelium and is temporally and spatially related to the incisor dental epithelium proper. This ectopic epithelium was confronted by incisor and molar papillae. Harmonious teeth developed in these explants. It is concluded that the ability of the dental papillae to elicit new cytodifferentiative and biochemical syntheses from the lip-furrow epithelium indicates that the dental papillae act inductively during tooth ontogeny. The shape of the teeth reconstructed from enamel organ fragments and lip-furrow epithelium were incisiform or molariform in response to the incisor or molar dental papillae. These data confirm the conclusion that the structural specificity for tooth shape resides in the dental papilla.

Tissue interactions in embryonic mouse tooth germs

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-186
Author(s):  
Edward J. Kollar ◽  
Grace R. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Embryonic Mouse ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Tooth Germs

The response of embryonic mouse dental epithelium and mesoderm to tissues of ectopic origin was examined. Isolated molar or incisor mesoderm was confronted with epithelium isolated from the plantar surface of the embryonic mouse foot plate or from the snout. Harmoniously structured teeth were formed from the foot epithelium and incisor or molar mesoderm. These data are interpreted as an unequivocal demonstration of the inductive role of the dental mesenchyme. Teeth were absent in confrontations of dental mesenchyme and snout epithelium. The presence of hair follicles in these explants is described and discussed with reference to other integumental epithelio-mesenchymal interactions. Dental epithelium forms keratinizing surface-like epithelium and invading bands of epithelium in association with foot mesoderm; definitive structures are not formed. On the other hand, when incisor or molar epithelium is associated with snout mesoderm, hair follicles are seen in addition to keratinizing surface-like epithelial configurations. The roles of the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues and the nature of epithelio-mesenchymal interactions in the developing mouse integument are discussed.

Muscle and tendon morphogenesis in the avian hind limb

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (20) ◽  
pp. 4019-4032 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kardon
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Initial Appearance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ventral Muscle ◽  
And Cartilage

The proper development of the musculoskeletal system in the tetrapod limb requires the coordinated development of muscle, tendon and cartilage. This paper examines the morphogenesis of muscle and tendon in the developing avian hind limb. Based on a developmental series of embryos labeled with myosin and tenascin antibodies in whole mount, an integrative description of the temporal sequence and spatial pattern of muscle and tendon morphogenesis and their relationship to cartilage throughout the chick hind limb is presented for the first time. Anatomically distinct muscles arise by the progressive segregation of muscle: differentiated myotubes first appear as a pair of dorsal and ventral muscle masses; these masses subdivide into dorsal and ventral thigh, shank and foot muscle masses; and finally these six masses segregate into individual muscles. From their initial appearance, most myotubes are precisely oriented and their pattern presages the pattern of future, individual muscles. Anatomically distinct tendons emerge from three tendon primordia associated with the major joints of the limb. Contrary to previous reports, comparison of muscle and tendon reveals that much of their morphogenesis is temporally and spatially closely associated. To test whether reciprocal muscle-tendon interactions are necessary for correct muscle-tendon patterning or whether morphogenesis of each of these tissues is autonomous, two sets of experiments were conducted: (1) tendon development was examined in muscleless limbs produced by coelomic grafting of early limb buds and (2) muscle development was analyzed in limbs where tendon had been surgically altered. These experiments demonstrate that in the avian hind limb the initial morphogenetic events, formation of tendon primordia and initial differentiation of myogenic precursors, occur autonomously with respect to one another. However, later morphogenetic events, such as subdivision of muscle masses and segregation of tendon primordia into individual tendons, do require to various degrees reciprocal interactions between muscle and tendon. The dependence of these later morphogenetic events on tissue interactions differs between different proximodistal regions of the limb.

scholarly journals Expression of endothelin 3 by mesenchymal cells of embryonic mouse caecum

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Leibl ◽  
T Ota ◽  
M N Woodward ◽  
S E Kenny ◽  
D A Lloyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Paracrine Factor ◽  
Embryonic Mouse ◽  
Endothelin B ◽  
Endothelin 3

BackgroundMutations in endothelin 3 (EDN3) and endothelin B receptor (EDNRB) genes cause terminal colonic aganglionosis in mice, and mutations in these genes have also been linked to the terminal aganglionosis seen in human Hirschsprung’s disease. However, details of EDN3 expression during embryogenesis are lacking, and consequently the cellular mechanism by which EDN3 regulates innervation of the terminal gut is unclear.AimsTo localise the expression of EDN3 and EDNRB in the embryonic mouse gut.MethodsExpression of EDN3 and EDNRB mRNA was analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridisation.ResultsHigh levels of EDN3 mRNA expression were restricted to mesenchymal cells of the caecum before and after the arrival of neural crest cells. In contrast, EDNRB expression along the gut displayed a time dependent pattern similar to those of the protein tyrosine kinase ret and the neural crest cell marker PGP9.5.ConclusionsMesenchymal cells of the caecum express high levels of EDN3 mRNA during embryogenesis and hence the production of EDN3 at the caecum is likely to act on neural crest cells as a paracrine factor necessary for subsequent innervation of the terminal gut.

scholarly journals Tissue interactions affecting the migration and differentiation of neural crest cells in the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Stern ◽  
K.B. Artinger ◽  
M. Bronner-Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Motor Axons ◽  
Root Region ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Catecholamine Fluorescence ◽  
Catecholaminergic Cells

A series of microsurgical operations was performed in chick embryos to study the factors that control the polarity, position and differentiation of the sympathetic and dorsal root ganglion cells developing from the neural crest. The neural tube, with or without the notochord, was rotated by 180 degrees dorsoventrally to cause the neural crest cells to emerge ventrally. In some embryos, the notochord was ablated, and in others a second notochord was implanted. Sympathetic differentiation was assessed by catecholamine fluorescence after aldehyde fixation. Neural crest cells emerging from an inverted neural tube migrate in a ventral-to-dorsal direction through the sclerotome, where they become segmented by being restricted to the rostral half of each sclerotome. Both motor axons and neural crest cells avoid the notochord and the extracellular matrix that surrounds it, but motor axons appear also to be attracted to the notochord until they reach its immediate vicinity. The dorsal root ganglia always form adjacent to the neural tube and their dorsoventral orientation follows the direction of migration of the neural crest cells. Differentiation of catecholaminergic cells only occurs near the aorta/mesonephros and in addition requires the proximity of either the ventral neural tube (floor plate/ventral root region) or the notochord. Prior migration of presumptive catecholaminergic cells through the sclerotome, however, is neither required nor sufficient for their adrenergic differentiation.

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